Casus

casus

casus

cāsus, ūs, m. (cado), das Fallen, der Fall, I) im allg.: A) eig.: a) im Raume, sowohl das Herabfallen, stillicidi, Lucr.: nivis, Liv.: fulminum, Plin.: lapidum, Plin. ep. – als das Einfallen, Einstürzen, camerae, Dict.: celsae graviore casu decidunt turres, Hor. – u. das Umfallen, Umstürzen, der Umsturz, Sturz, vehiculi, Plin.: equi, Spart.: gravi casu concĭdere, Phaedr.: ad casum dare, umwerfen, Acc. fr.: casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur, Quint. – im Bilde, v. polit. Fall, Sturz, Cic. Sest. 140; u. v. moral. Fall, Cic. Cael. 41. – b) das Sich- Neigen, Sinken einer Jahreszeit, extremae sub casum hiemis, Verg. georg. 1, 340. – c) als gramm. t. t. der Kasus, Beugefall, c. rectus, der Nominativ, Varr. LL., Cic. u.a. (Ggstz. casus obliqui, Varr. LL., Sen. u.a., od. conversi, Cic.): ders. c. patricus, Varr. LL., u. c. nominativus, Quint.: c. genetivus, Quint.: ders. c. interrogandi, Nigid. fr.: c. dativus, Quint.: ders. c. dandi, Varr. LL. u. Nigid. fr.: c. accusativus, Quint.: ders. c. accusandi, Varr. LL.: c. vocativus, Gell.: ders. c. vocandi, Varr. LL.: c. ablativus, Quint.: ders. c. sextus, Varr. LL. u. Varr. fr., u. c. Latinus, Varr. fr.: casuum series, Varr. LL.: casum mutare, Quint.: verbum per casus ducere, Quint.: non omne nomen casus sex recipit, Sen. – B) übtr.: a) das Fallen, Stürzen in einen (niedern) Zustand, der

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Fall, Sturz, quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret, Sall. Iug. 62, 9; vgl. (im Bilde) no. A, a. – b) der Fall, Eintritt nach seinem Verlaufe od. Erfolge, durae mortis casus, Verg.: aetas illa multo plures quam nostra mortis casus habet, Eintritt des Todes, d.i. Fälle, wo der Tod eintreten kann od. eintritt, tödliche Zufälle, Cic. – dah. die (sich darbietende) Gelegenheit zu etw. (s. Kritz Sall. Iug. 25, 9), aut vi aut dolis se casum victoriae inventurum, Sall.: casum pugnae praebere, Tac.: casum invadendae Armeniae obvenisse, Tac. – Meton., der Fall, der eintreten kann od. eintritt od. eingetreten ist, das Ereignis, das Vorkommnis, der Vorfall, der Zufall (s. Cic. de nat. deor. 1, 90; de div. 2, 15), α) übh.: casus communis et incertus, Cic.: casus mirabilis, Nep., admirabilis, Quint., mirificus, Cic.: casus quidam fatalis (Ggstz. casus voluntarius), Cic.: casus rariores, Cic.: casus secundi (Ggstz. casus adversi), Nep.: casus subiti repentinique, Suet.: casus varii, Wechselfälle, Liv. u. Vell. – novi casus temporum, neue Vorkommnisse, die die Zeitverhältnisse mit sich führen, Cic. – nihil consilia a casu differre, Tac. – oft Abl. casu, durch Zufall, zufällig, bald im Ggstz., zB. casu fieri aut forte fortunā, Cic.: evenire non temere nec casu, Cic.: sive casu sive consilio deorum, Caes.: seu sponte seu quolibet casu, Col.: necessitate an casu, Quint.: casu an huius persuasu et inductu, Cic. fr. – bald al-

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lein, zB. ego eo die casu apud Ptolemaeum cenavi, Cic.: ibi casu rex erat Ptolemaeus, Caes.: casu accĭdit, ut etc., Nep. – β) prägn., der ungünstige Zufall, der Unfall, meus ille casus tam horribilis, tam gravis etc., Cic.: varii nostri casus, Cic.: propter casus navigandi, der Zufälle halber, denen man zur See ausgesetzt ist, Cic.: casus (Plur.) loci, Ov.: Asiatica legatio filii casu deformata, Liv.: forte tulit casus (wollte ein unglücklicher Zufall), ut etc., Liv.: cum sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent, Liv.: multi fortuitis casibus intercĭderunt, Tac. – bei den Ärzten, Krankheitsfall, casus gravissimi, Cels.: propter huiusmodi casus, Scrib.: in hoc casu, Cels. – c) das Sinken, der Verfall, civitatis, Sall.: rei publicae, Sall. – II) prägn., das Fallen = das Hinsinken, der Untergang, a) lebl. Ggstde.: urbis Troianae, Verg.: civitatium, Iustin.: virium, Cael. Aur. – b) leb. Wesen, der Untergang, der Tod, bes. der gewaltsame, Bomilcaris, Sall.: Gaii Luciique, Suet.: Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus (Plur.), Caes.: casum mariti quiritans, Apul. – ⇒ zu Ciceros Zeit cāssus geschr., s. Quint. 1, 7, 20.

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1) падение (lapidum PJ; nivis L)

2) крушение, крах, падение ( rei publicae Sl); гибель, смерть (urbis V; Gracchorum Cs)

3) ошибка, погрешность, проступок ( sine aliquo casu aut prolapsione C)

4) склон, исход, конец

5) грам. падеж

6) приход, наступление ( mortis C)

7) случай, повод, возможность (victoriae Sl; navigandi C)

8) обстоятельства, положение

9) случайность, превратность ( varii casūs bellorum L)

10) происшествие, событие (преим. случайное, неожиданное)

11) несчастное происшествие, несчастье

Casus см. Kasus

Casus belli (лат.) m = = ка́зус бе́лли (форма́льный по́вод к объявле́нию войны́)

Casus obliquus (лат.) m = =, pl =..qui грам. ко́свенный паде́ж

Casus rectus (лат.) m = = грам. прямо́й [имени́тельный] паде́ж

casus

ajan, casus

casus [ɑː] Spion m, -in f

1  case ⇒ instance

♦voorbeelden:

1   in casu • in this case

casus [dʒa:-] s

Spion(in) m(f)

cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].

Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).

A falling down, etc.:

stillicidi,

Lucr. 1, 313:

geli,

id. 5, 205:

nivis,

Liv. 21, 35, 6:

fulminum,

Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—

A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

vehiculi,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—

Trop.

Of time, the end:

extremae sub casum hiemis,

Verg. G. 1, 340.—

A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—

Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

Sall. J. 62, 9.—

That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

novi casus temporum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

Verg. A. 12, 321:

sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

Curt. 4, 7, 13:

quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

ut quemque casus armaverat,

Sall. C. 56, 3:

si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

id. J. 97 fin.:

in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

Liv. 42, 50, 2:

ludibrium casūs,

id. 30, 30, 5:

casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

id. 10, 1, 2:

bellorum,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

id. ib. 2, 26:

adversi, secundi,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

magnus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

mirificus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

mirabiles,

Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

rariores,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

dubii,

Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

varii,

Verg. A. 1, 204:

subiti repentinique,

Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

id evenit non temere nec casu,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

sive casu sive consilio deorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

necessitate an casu,

Quint. 3, 6, 26:

casu an persuasu et inductu,

id. 5, 10, 69:

casu an manibus impeditus,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,

A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

mortis durae casus,

Verg. A. 10, 791:

aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

praeclari facinoris casum dare,

id. ib. 56, 4; so,

si casus daretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

invadendae Armeniae,

id. ib. 12, 50:

pugnae,

id. ib. 12, 28:

bene gerendae rei,

id. ib. 13, 36:

casum adferre,

Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,

Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

dolens civitatis casum,

Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

urbis Trojanae,

overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,

Euphemist. for death:

Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—

In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

barbari casus... casus rectus,

id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

obliqui,

id. 1, 6, 22:

nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

id. 7, 9, 13:

genitivo,

id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

conversi, i. e. obliqui,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

vocandi,

id. ib.:

septimus,

Quint. 1, 4, 26.

Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].

Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).

A falling down, etc.:

stillicidi,

Lucr. 1, 313:

geli,

id. 5, 205:

nivis,

Liv. 21, 35, 6:

fulminum,

Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—

A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

vehiculi,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—

Trop.

Of time, the end:

extremae sub casum hiemis,

Verg. G. 1, 340.—

A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—

Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

Sall. J. 62, 9.—

That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

novi casus temporum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

Verg. A. 12, 321:

sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

Curt. 4, 7, 13:

quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

ut quemque casus armaverat,

Sall. C. 56, 3:

si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

id. J. 97 fin.:

in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

Liv. 42, 50, 2:

ludibrium casūs,

id. 30, 30, 5:

casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

id. 10, 1, 2:

bellorum,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

id. ib. 2, 26:

adversi, secundi,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

magnus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

mirificus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

mirabiles,

Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

rariores,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

dubii,

Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

varii,

Verg. A. 1, 204:

subiti repentinique,

Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

id evenit non temere nec casu,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

sive casu sive consilio deorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

necessitate an casu,

Quint. 3, 6, 26:

casu an persuasu et inductu,

id. 5, 10, 69:

casu an manibus impeditus,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,

A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

mortis durae casus,

Verg. A. 10, 791:

aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

praeclari facinoris casum dare,

id. ib. 56, 4; so,

si casus daretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

invadendae Armeniae,

id. ib. 12, 50:

pugnae,

id. ib. 12, 28:

bene gerendae rei,

id. ib. 13, 36:

casum adferre,

Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,

Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

dolens civitatis casum,

Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

urbis Trojanae,

overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,

Euphemist. for death:

Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—

In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

barbari casus... casus rectus,

id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

obliqui,

id. 1, 6, 22:

nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

id. 7, 9, 13:

genitivo,

id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

conversi, i. e. obliqui,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

vocandi,

id. ib.:

septimus,

Quint. 1, 4, 26.

Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

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    Casus, huius casus, m. gen. Cic. Cas, Fortune, Adventure, Cheute, Tombement, Ruine, Trebuchement.

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    Casuum maris ignarus. Tacit. Ignorant les adventures et fortunes de mer.

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    Caecus casus. Cic. Qui est sans aucune raison.

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    Fortuiti casus. Columel. Cas d'adventure.

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    Grauis casus et miserabilis. Cic. Grand meschef, ou Mesadventure, ou Mesadvenue.

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    Incerto casu pendere res dicitur. Seneca. Quand la chose est doubteuse, Quand on est incertain quelle en sera la fin, et qu'il en adviendra.

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    Infestus casus. Cic. Mal'adventure, Mauvaise fortune, Meschef.

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    Marini casus. Virg. Adventures ou fortunes de mer.

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    Nefandus casus. Seneca. Un cas indigne d'estre recité.

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    Sinister casus. Stat. Male fortune, Mesadventure, Mesadvenue, Mal'adventure,

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    Subitus casus. Iuuen. Un cas subit, soubdain.

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    Accipere grauiter casum aliquem. Cice. En estre marri, Le porter mal patiemment.

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    Adesse casu. Cic. Estre present par cas d'adventure.

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    Adesse in casu alicuius. Cic. Estre present quand la fortune luy est advenue.

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    Agi casibus. Virg. Estre tormenté et agité, etc.

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    Auertere casum dicitur Deus. Virgil. Divertir le malheur, ou male fortune.

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    Casu forte temere nonnunquam concurrunt somnia. Cic. Par cas d'adventure.

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    In casum dare. Tacit. Mettre à l'adventure, Mettre en hazard, Hazarder, Adventurer.

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    Demisit me in eum casum fortuna. Plancus ad Senatum. Fortune m'a mis en ceste perplexité et necessité.

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    Euadere casus. Virg. Eviter les dangers.

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    Indignari casum amici. Virg. Estre marri de la fortune de son ami.

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    Inuehere casum. Cic. Amener.

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    Natus in sylua casu quodam. Liu. D'adventure.

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    Onerare casus suos. Seneca. Augmenter, Aggraver.

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    In casu esse. Cic. En la puissance de fortune.

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    Casus, pro Periculo. Celsus. Danger, Peril.

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    Casibus grauissimis opitulari. Cels. Aider, et secourir.

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    Casus vrbis. Virg. La ruine.

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    Casus altior. Iuuen. Cheute de hault.

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    Celerare casus. Lucret. Haster la cheute, Cheoir vistement.

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    Dari ad casum. Cic. Estre rué jus.