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101 cybernetics
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102 cybernetics
English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications > cybernetics
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103 cybernetics
kb. sibernetika. -
104 CYBERNETICS
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105 Cybernetics
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106 Cybernetics
1) The Parallel Nature of Feedback in Living Individuals and Communication MachinesIt is my thesis that the physical functioning of the living individual and the operation of some of the newer communication machines are precisely parallel in their analogous attempts to control entropy through feedback. Both of them have sensory receptors as one stage of their cycle of operation: that is, in both of them there exists a special apparatus for collecting information from the outer world at low energy levels, and for making it available in the operation of the individual or of the machine.In both cases these external messages are not taken neat, but through the internal transforming powers of the apparatus, whether it be alive or dead. The information is then turned into a new form available for the further stages of performance. In both the animal and the machine this performance is made to be effective on the outer world. In both of them, their performed action on the outer world, and not merely their intended action, is reported back to the central regulatory apparatus. (Wiener, 1954, pp. 26-27)[The job of the cyberneticist] is the study of information transfer: the converting of information from one form to another-the human voice into radio waves and back into sound once more, or a complex mathematical equation into a set of punched holes on a tape, to be fed into a computer and then into a set of traces on reels of magnetic tape in the computer's "memory store."... To him, protein synthesis is just such another case. The mechanism for ensuring the exact replication of a protein chain by a new cell is that of transferring the information about the protein structure from the parent to the daughter cell. (Rose, 1970, p. 162)The theme of all these tales [("Fisherman and the Jinni" in the Thousand Nights and a Night; The Sorcerer's Apprentice; and "The Monkey's Paw" by W. W. Jacobs)] is the danger of magic. This seems to lie in the fact that the operation of magic is singularly literal-minded, and that if it grants you anything at all it grants what you ask for, not what you should have asked for or what you intend....The magic of automation, and in particular the magic of an automatization in which the devices learn, may be expected to be similarly literal-minded. If you are playing a game according to certain rules and set the playing-machine to play for victory, you will get victory if you get anything at all, and the machine will not pay the slightest attention to any consideration except victory according to the rules. If you are playing a war game with a certain conventional interpretation of victory, victory will be the goal at any cost, even that of the extermination of your own side, unless this condition of survival is explicitly contained in the definition of victory according to which you program the machine. (Wiener, 1964, pp. 59-60)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cybernetics
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107 cybernetics
sibernetik -
108 cybernetics
/,saibə:'netiks/ * danh từ, số nhiều dùng như số ít - (vật lý) điều khiển học -
109 cybernetics in international relations theory
пол., межд. отн. кибернетика в теории международных отношений (применение кибернетических методов исследования в политологии к сфере международных отношений; наиболее видные представители: К. Дойч, К. Боулдинг, Х. Келман, Г. Лассуэл, Р. Норс, Р. Броди, О. Холсти, Д. Лернер, Д. Сола-Пул, Л. Пай, Р. Бауэр, Л. Декстер, Р. Розенкранц, Дж. Розенау, Ч. Осгуд, А. Рапопорт, Дж. Моделски, Ч. Маклеланд; Р. Снайдер, Г. Брак, Б. Сэпин, Г. Пейдж соединили кибернетику с теорией организации и с этих методологических позиций изучали процесс принятия внешнеполитических решений; подобную теорию внешнеполитических решений исторического характера разрабатывали Р. Батоу, Р. Кекскемефи, А. Уайтинг, Р. Уолстеттер)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > cybernetics in international relations theory
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110 cybernetics in political science
пол. = political cyberneticsАнгло-русский экономический словарь > cybernetics in political science
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111 cybernetics hierarchy of information control
кибернетическая иерархия информационного контроля; по Т. Парсонсу - иерархические информационные взаимоотношения между подсистемами общей системы действия: культура регулирует социальную систему, та, в свою очередь, контролирует систему личности, а последняя контролирует организмическую систему.* * *кибернетическая иерархия информационного контроля; по Т. Парсонсу - иерархические информационные взаимоотношения между подсистемами общей системы действия: культура регулирует социальную систему, та, в свою очередь, контролирует систему личности, а последняя контролирует организмическую систему.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > cybernetics hierarchy of information control
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112 cybernetics, social
социальная кибернетика; научная дисциплина, исследующая социальные связи в процессе коммуникации. -
113 cybernetics cy·ber·net·ics nsg
[ˌsaɪbə'nɛtɪks] -
114 political cybernetics
пол. политическая кибернетика ( заимствование политической наукой некоторых понятий из кибернетики — коммуникационных каналов, средств массовой коммуникации, содержания и контроля средств массовой коммуникации, влияющих на избирательное восприятие, передачу и вызов информации; на основе кибернетических методов было создано модернистское представление о политическом сознании и политической воле как о наблюдаемых процессах; расцвет такого направления пришелся на 50-е гг.; кибернетические идеи К. Шеннона, Н. Винера, Дж. фон Неймана У. Росса Эшби сделали доступными для политической науки Г. Лассуэл и К. Дойч)Syn: -
115 engineering cybernetics
engineering cybernetics technische Kybernetik fEnglish-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > engineering cybernetics
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116 engineering cybernetics
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117 engineering cybernetics
техническая кибернетика; инженерная кибернетика -
118 engineering cybernetics
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > engineering cybernetics
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119 engineering cybernetics
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > engineering cybernetics
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120 engineering cybernetics
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > engineering cybernetics
См. также в других словарях:
cybernetics — cy‧ber‧net‧ics [ˌsaɪbəˈnetɪks ǁ bər ] noun [uncountable] COMPUTING the scientific study of the way in which information is moved about and controlled in machines and in the human brain. In business, cybernetics is mainly concerned with making… … Financial and business terms
CYBERNETICS — and Systems Analysis (A Translation of Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz) (formerly Cybernetics (A Translation of Kibernetika)) (informationswissenschaftl. Veoeffentlichungen) … Acronyms
CYBERNETICS — and Systems Analysis (A Translation of Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz) (formerly Cybernetics (A Translation of Kibernetika)) (informationswissenschaftl. Veröffentlichungen) … Acronyms von A bis Z
cybernetics — (n.) coined 1948 by U.S. mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894 1964) from Gk. kybernetes steersman (metaphorically guide, governor ) + ICS (Cf. ics); perhaps based on 1830s Fr. cybernétique the art of governing. The future offers very little hope… … Etymology dictionary
cybernetics — 1. The term was introduced in 1948 by Norbert Wiener, meaning ‘the theory or study of communication and control in living organisms or machines’. The word was derived from the Greek word kubernetes ‘steersman’. It spread rapidly to refer to… … Modern English usage
cybernetics — [n] science studying brain function to design analagous mechanical systems artificial intelligence, automatic technology, automation, autonetics, electronic communication, radiodynamics, robotization, telemechanics; concepts 274,349 … New thesaurus
cybernetics — ► PLURAL NOUN (treated as sing. ) ▪ the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things. DERIVATIVES cybernetic adjective. ORIGIN from Greek kubern t s steersman … English terms dictionary
cybernetics — ☆ cybernetics [sī΄bərnet′iks ] n. [coined (1948) by WIENER Norbert < Gr kybernētēs, helmsman (< kybernan, to steer, GOVERN) + ICS] the science dealing with the comparative study of human control systems, as the brain and nervous system, and … English World dictionary
Cybernetics — For other uses, see Cybernetics (disambiguation). Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems. Cybernetics is closely related to information theory, control theory and systems theory, at least in its first… … Wikipedia
cybernetics — cybernetic, cybernetical, adj. cybernetically, adv. cyberneticist, cybernetician /suy beuhr ni tish euhn/, n. /suy beuhr net iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the study of human control functions and of mechanical and electronic systems designed to … Universalium
cybernetics — [20] Cybernetics was first coined in French, as cybernétique, in the 1830s. But then it was used literally for the ‘art of governing’ (it is a derivative of Greek kubernétēs ‘steersman, governor’, from kubernan ‘steer’, source of English govern) … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins