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Baptiste

  • 1 Baptiste

    Baptiste

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Baptiste

  • 2 Baptiste

    • Baptiste

    English-Czech dictionary > Baptiste

  • 3 Baptiste

    n. בפטיסט, שם פרטי לזכר
    * * *
    רכזל יטרפ םש,טסיטפב

    English-Hebrew dictionary > Baptiste

  • 4 Baptiste

    n. mannelijke voornaam

    English-Dutch dictionary > Baptiste

  • 5 Jean Baptiste

    s.
    Juan Bautista, Jean Baptiste.

    Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > Jean Baptiste

  • 6 Jean-Baptiste Poquelin

    s.
    Juan Bautista Poquelin, Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin.

    Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > Jean-Baptiste Poquelin

  • 7 Jolly-Bellin, Jean-Baptiste

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. c.1850 France
    [br]
    French pioneer in dry-cleaning.
    [br]
    Until the mid-nineteenth century, washing with soap and water was the only way to clean clothes; with woollen fabrics in particular, it was more common to dye them to a darker colour to conceal the dirt. In about 1850, Jean-Baptiste Jolly-Bellin, a Paris tailor, spilt some camphene, a kind of turpentine, on an article belonging to his wife and found that the area stained by the spirit was cleaner than the rest. He opened up a business for "Nettoyage à sec", the first dry-cleaning business. The garments had to be unstitched before being brushed with camphene and were then sewn together again.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge (provides an account of the development of methods of cleaning garments).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Jolly-Bellin, Jean-Baptiste

  • 8 Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 1754 Tours, France
    d. 1793 Mainz, Germany
    [br]
    French designer of the "dirigible balloon" (airship).
    [br]
    Just a few days after the first balloon flight by the relatively primitive Montgolfier hot-air balloon, a design for a sophisticated steerable or "dirigible" balloon was proposed by a young French army officer. On 3 December 1783, Lieutenant (later General) Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier of the Corps of Engineers presented to the Académie des Sciences a paper entitled Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques. This outlined Meusnier's ideas and so impressed the learned members of the Academy that they commissioned him to make a more complete study. This was published in 1784 and contained sixteen water-colour drawings of the proposed airship, which are preserved by the Musée de l'Air in Paris.
    Meusnier's "machine aérostatique" was ellipsoidal in shape, in contrast to those of his unsuccessful contemporaries who tried to make spherical balloons steerable, often using oars for propulsion. Meusnier's proposed airship was 79.2 m (260 ft) long with the crew in a slim boat slung below the envelope (in case of a landing on water); it was steered by a large sail-like rudder at the rear end. Between the envelope and the boat were three propellers, which were to be manually driven as there was no suitable engine available; this was the first design for a propeller-driven aircraft. The most important innovation was a ballonnet, a balloon within the main envelope that was pressurized with air supplied by bellows in the boat. Varying the amount of air in the ballonnet would compensate for changes in the volume of hydrogen gas in the main envelope when the airship changed altitude. The ballonnet would also help to maintain the external shape of the main envelope.
    General Meusnier was killed in action in 1793 and it was almost one hundred years from the date of his publication that his idea of ballonnets was put into practice, by Dupuy de Lome in 1872, and later by Renard and Krebs.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1784, Mémoire sur l'équilibre des machines aérostatiques, Paris; repub. Paris: Musée de l'Air.
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (paperback 1985). Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Meusnier, Jean Baptiste Marie

  • 9 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

    перс.
    эк. Кольбер, Жан Баптист (1619-1683; французский министр финансов, известный своей последовательной и жесткой протекционистской политикой)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > Colbert, Jean-Baptiste

  • 10 Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste

    перс.
    пол., межд. отн. Дюрозель, Жан-Батист (1917-1994; французский политолог и теоретик международных отношений; занимался синтезом таких разделов политологии, как теория конфликта, теория принятия решений и теория международных отношений; рассматривал конфликт как сущность международных отношений и способы его регулирования путем перевода в скрытую форму; Дюрозель является примером влияния французского антропологического структурализма на теорию международных отношений; признает антропологические предпосылки политики; согласно Дюрозелю, международные отношения являются проявлением животных функций человека — игра, насилие — в межгосударственных контактах; индивидуальное насилие принимает на международной арене форму войны; игра становится формой межгосударственного культурного обмена и т. п.; в остальном Дюрозель занимал антисциентистскую позицию, считая, что теория международных отношений в отличие от естественнонаучных теорий не может создаваться на основе формулирования законов, поэтому она должна оставаться эмпирической; антропологические тенденции творчества Дюрозеля обусловили его важное место в теории международного развития, которая образовалась из синтеза таких сугубо французских школ, как структурализм и изучение третьего мира, и в области которой авторитет французской науки бесспорен в настоящее время)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste

  • 11 Say, Jean-Baptiste

    перс.
    эк. Сэй [Сэ\], Жан Баптист (1767-1832; французский экономист, активный популяризатор теории А. Смита во Франции; пытался совместить теорию ценности А. Смита и идеи о роли полезности и редкости Кондильяка; автор так называемого "закона о рынках", получившего впоследствии имя своего автора; одним из первых высказал идею о равноправии факторов производства с точки зрения участия в производстве и получения дохода, которая легла в основу неоклассической теории распределения)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > Say, Jean-Baptiste

  • 12 Saint-Jean Baptiste's Day

    Общая лексика: День Св. Иоана Крестителя (праздник, по крайней мере в Канаде:))

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Saint-Jean Baptiste's Day

  • 13 Bienville, Jean Baptiste

    [ˏbjɑ:nˊvɪl] Байнвил, Жан Баптист (16801768), канадский исследователь, губернатор Луизианы. Вместе с братом возглавлял экспедицию (169899), которая, отправившись из Канады, дошла до устья р. Миссисипи и положила начало заселению этого района. В течение 40 лет боролся с англичанами, испанцами, индейцами, с голодом и болезнями, чтобы сохранить колонию за Францией. Последние годы, когда Луизиана была передана Испании, жил во Франции

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Bienville, Jean Baptiste

  • 14 Lamy, Jean Baptiste

    [lɑˊmi:] Лами, Жан Баптист (181488), первый американский католический миссионер на Юго-Западе США. Впоследствии стал архиепископом Санта-Фе

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Lamy, Jean Baptiste

  • 15 SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE (1767-1832)

    Жан Батист Сэй
    Французский экономист, в основном труде которого под названием «Трактат о политической экономии» получила свое развитие теория рынка Адама Смита. Сэй утверждал, что, поскольку любой продукт на рынке обменивается на другой продукт, каждый из них порождает свой собственный спрос, который в свою очередь создает свое собственное предложение. Эта зависимость называется законом Сэя (см. Say’s law). Закон объясняет, почему не может возникнуть экономический кризис, связанный с перепроизводством, и позволяет предположить, что экономика автоматически движется к состоянию полной занятости ресурсов.

    Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE (1767-1832)

  • 16 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

    [br]
    b. 8 February 1825 Paris, France
    d. 14 April 1882 Paris, France
    [br]
    French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.
    [br]
    Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.
    As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Croix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.
    Bibliography
    1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.
    1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.
    Further Reading
    Dictionnaire de biographie française.
    Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.
    —1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.
    W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.
    Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.
    J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.
    PJGR / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

  • 17 Jobard, Jean-Baptiste-Ambroise Marcelin

    [br]
    b. 14 May 1792 Baissey, Haute-Marne, France
    d. 27 October 1861 Brussels, Belgium
    [br]
    French technologist, promoter of Belgian industry.
    [br]
    After attending schools in Langres and Dijon, Jobard worked in Groningen and Maastricht as a cadastral officer from 1811 onwards. After the Netherlands had been constituted as a new state in 1814, he became a Dutch citizen in 1815 and settled in Brussels. In 1825, when he had learned of the invention of lithography by Alois Senefelder, he retired and established a renowned lithographic workshop in Belgium, with considerable commercial profit. After the political changes which led to the separation of Belgium from the Netherlands in 1830, he devoted his activities to the progress of science and industry in this country, in the traditional idea of enlightenment. His main aim was to promote all branches of the young economy, to which he contributed with ceaseless energy. He cultivated especially the transfer of technology in many articles he wrote on his various journeys, such as to Britain, France, Germany and Switzerland, and he continued to do so when he became the Director of the Museum of Industry in Brussels in 1841, editing its Bulletin until his death. Jobard, as a member of societies for the encouragement of arts and industry in many countries, published on almost any subject and produced many inventions. Being a restless character by nature, and having, in addition, a strong attitude towards designing and constructing, he also contributed to mining technology in 1828 when he was the first European to practise successfully the Chinese method of rope drilling near Brussels.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1840, Plan d'organisation du Musée de l'industrie, présenté au Ministre de l'interieur, Brussels.
    1844, Machines à vapeur, arrêtes et instructions, Brussels.
    1846, Comment la Belgique peut devenir industrielle, à propos de la Société d'exportation, Brussels.
    considérées comme blason de l'industrie et du commerce, dédié à la Société des inventeurs et protecteurs de l'industrie, Brussels.
    1855, Discours prononcé à l'assemblée des industriels réunis pour l'adoption de la marque obligatoire, Paris.
    Further Reading
    H.Blémont, 1991, article in Dictionnaire de biographie française, Paris, pp. 676–7 (for a short account of his life).
    A.Siret, 1888–9, article in Biographie nationale de belgique, Vol. X, Brussels, col. 494– 500 (provides an impressive description of his restless character and a selected bibliography of his many publications.
    T.Tecklenburg, 1900, Handbuch der Tiefbohrkunde, 2nd edn, Vol. IV, Berlin, pp. 7–8 (contains detailed information on his method of rope drilling).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Jobard, Jean-Baptiste-Ambroise Marcelin

  • 18 Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste

    [br]
    b. 1734 Lyons, France d. 1829
    [br]
    French architect particularly interested in the scientific and mathematical basis of architectural structure, and who at an early date introduced reinforced concrete into supporting piers in his buildings.
    [br]
    From 1795 Rondelet was Professor at the Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publics and while there was responsible for a major treatise on building construction: this was his Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir, published in four volumes in 1802–17. From 1806 he taught at the Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture, which was soon afterwards merged with the Ecole Polytechnique. It was when Rondelet took over the work of com-pleting the Panthéon in Paris, after the death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot, that he had the opportunity of putting some of his particular structural ideas into practice. In 1755 the King had appointed Soufflot architect of the great new church to be dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Sainte Geneviève. In this neo-classical structure based upon Greek cross plan, Soufflot intended four slender piers, each encased in three engaged columns, to support the pendentives for the dome to rise over the crossing. It was a fine and elegant building on a large scale, but by the early nineteenth century, when the church had become a pantheon, cracks were appearing in the masonry. When Rondelet succeeded as architect after Soufflot's death, he strengthened and enlarged the piers, employing a faced concrete structure reinforced with metal. He used a metalreinforced mortar with rubble aggregate.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    An article by Rondelet appears in: 1989, Le Panthéon: Symbole des Révolutions, pp. 308–10 (book of the Exhibition at the Hôtel de Sully, Paris), ed. Picard, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France.
    Further Reading
    M.N.Mathuset-Bandouin, 1980, "Biographie de Jean Rondelet", Soufflot et son temps, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques et des Sites en France, 155ö7.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste

  • 19 protectionism

    сущ.
    межд. эк. протекционизм (политика государства, направленная на поддержку национальных производителей и их защиту от иностранной конкуренции; мерами протекционизма являются: введение таможенных пошлин, использование импортных квот и других нетарифных мер ограничения импорта, внутренние меры поддержки национальных производителей и т. д.)
    Ant:
    See:

    * * *
    протекционизм: использование таможенной тарифной и нетарифной политики для защиты национальной экономики (путем ограничения конкурирующего импорта) или получения для нее односторонних преимуществ в сфере международной конкуренции.
    * * *
    . Защита отечественных отраслей промышленности от конкуренции с иностранными производителями средствами тарифной политики, введения квот и других торговых барьеров . Инвестиционная деятельность .
    * * *
    государственная политика за щиты внутреннего рынка от иностранной конкуренции путем установления высоких ставок таможенных тарифов и пошлин на ввозимые из-за рубежа товары и нетарифные ограничения (лицензирование, контингентирование, добровольное ограничения экспорта, таможенная очистка и т. д.)
    -----
    государственная политика, предполагающая применение импортных пошлин, квот и других ограничений с целью ограждения национальных предпринимателей от иностранных конкурентов

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > protectionism

  • 20 neoclassical distribution theory

    эк. неоклассическая теория распределения (теория распределения в неоклассической экономической теории; рассматривает распределение как формирование цен на ресурсы, которое определяет доходы их собственников; содержит только позитивный анализ без попыток обсуждать природу или обоснованность тех или иных доходов; в основе анализа лежит теория предельной производительности)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > neoclassical distribution theory

См. также в других словарях:

  • baptiste — [ batist ] adj. et n. • 1751; lat. baptista; repris au XIXe à l angl. baptist ♦ Qui a rapport au baptisme. La doctrine baptiste. N. Partisan du baptisme. ⇒ aussi anabaptiste. ⊗ HOM. Batiste. ● Baptiste Familier. Tranquille comme Baptiste, dans un …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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  • Baptiste — Nom de baptême, évidemment, qui renvoie à Jean Baptiste. Le nom est surtout répandu à la Réunion, dans l Allier et en Lorraine. On le rencontre aussi dans les Pyrénées Orientales, porté le plus souvent par des familles gitanes. Formes similaires …   Noms de famille

  • Baptiste — Baptiste, Ludw. Albert Friedr., geb. 1700 zu Öttingen, Violinvirtuos, zuletzt Tanzmeister in Kassel; er st. nach 1760. Er erfand vielleicht die Doppelsaiten …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Baptiste — m French: meaning ‘baptist’ (Late Latin baptista, Greek baptistēs, from baphein to dip), the epithet of the most popular of the numerous saints called JOHN (SEE John). Although it occurs independently as a given name, it is normally found in… …   First names dictionary

  • Baptiste — (as used in expressions) Jean Baptiste Poquelin Bienville Jean Baptiste Le Moyne de Bouillaud Jean Baptiste Chardin Jean Baptiste Siméon Jean Baptiste Bernadotte Colbert Jean Baptiste Corot Jean Baptiste Camille Fourier Jean Baptiste Joseph Baron …   Universalium

  • Baptiste — (as used in expressions) Bienville, Jean Baptiste Le Moyne de Bordet, Jules (Jean Baptiste Vincent) Bouillaud, Jean Baptiste Jean Baptiste Bernadotte Chardin, Jean Baptiste Siméon Colbert, Jean Baptiste Corot, (Jean Baptiste) Camille Fourier,… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Baptiste — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom.  Ne doit pas être confondu avec batiste. Sommaire 1 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Baptiste — Infobox Given Name Revised name = Baptiste imagesize= caption= pronunciation= gender = meaning = region = French origin = related names = Jean Baptiste footnotes = Baptiste is a French given name or surname, and may be a shortened form of Jean… …   Wikipedia

  • Baptiste — This surname is usually described as being French, but more accurately should be said to be of Ancient Greek or Roman origins. It derives from the word baptistes , a derivative of baptein , a Greek word which translates as to bathe or dip! The… …   Surnames reference

  • Baptiste — Provenance. Vient du grec baptizein Signifie : immerger . Se fête le 24 juin. Histoire. Saint Jean le Baptiste était prophète. Il exerçait sur les bords du Jourdain et annonçait l arrivée imminente du royaume de Dieu. Il baptisait ceux qui… …   Dictionnaire des prénoms français, arabes et bretons

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