-
1 Mendelsohn, Erich
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 21 March 1887 Allenstein, East Prussiad. 15 September 1953 San Francisco, California, USA[br]German architect, a pioneering innovator in the modern International style of building that developed in Germany during the early 1920s.[br]In some examples of his work Mendelsohn envisaged bold, sculptural forms, dramatically expressed in light and shade, which he created with extensive use of glass, steel and concrete. Characteristic of his type of early Expressionism was his design for the Einstein Tower (1919), a physical laboratory and observatory that was purpose built for Professor Einstein's research work at Neubabelsburg near Berlin in 1921. As its shape suggests, this structure was intended to be made from poured concrete but, due to technical problems, it was erected in stucco-faced steel and brickwork. Equally dramatic and original were Mendelsohn's department stores, for example the pace-setting Schocken Stores at Stuttgart (1926) and Chemnitz (1928), the Petersdorff Store at Breslau (1927) (now Wrocaw in Poland), and a very different building, the Columbus Haus in Berlin (1929–31). One of his most original designs was also in this city, that for the complex on the great boulevard, the Kurfürstendamm, which included the Universum Cinema (1928). Mendelsohn moved to England in 1933, a refugee from Nazism, and there entered into partnership with another émigré, Serge Chermayeff from Russia. Together they were responsible for a building on the seafront at Bexhill-on-Sea, the De La Warr arts and entertainments pavilion (1935–6). This long, low, glass, steel and concrete structure was ahead of its time in England and comprised a theatre and restaurant; in the centre of the façade, facing the sea, is its chief architectural feature, a semicircular glazed staircase. Soon Mendelsohn moved on to Palestine, where he was responsible for the Government Hospital at Haifa (1937) and the Hadassah University Medical Centre in Jerusalem (1936); in both cases he skilfully adapted his mode to different climatic needs. He finally settled in the USA in 1941, where his most notable buildings are the Maimonides Hospital in San Francisco and the synagogues and Jewish community centres which he built in a number of American cities.[br]Further ReadingArnold Whittick, 1964, Erich Mendelsohn, Leonard Hill Books (the standard work).DY
См. также в других словарях:
Allenstein — (Olztyn), 1) Kreis im preuß. Regierungsbezirk Königsberg, 24 QM., 40,000 Ew.; 2) Stadt hier an der Alle, Schloß, Garn u. Leinwandhandel, Glashütte, Pottaschesiederei in der Nähe; 3600 Ew. Hier im Preußisch russischen Krieg von 1806 gegen… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Allenstein — Allenstein, Kreisstadt im preuß. Regbez. Königsberg, an der Alle, Knotenpunkt der Staatsbahnlinie Osterode Memel und andrer Linien, hat eine evangelische und 2 kath. Kirchen, eine Synagoge, ein altes Schloß, ein Denkmal Kaiser Wilhelms I.,… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Allenstein — Allenstein, Kreisstadt im preuß. Reg. Bez. Königsberg, an der Alle, (1900) 24.295 E., Garnison, Land , Amtsgericht, Schloß der Deutschen Hochmeister … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Allenstein — Allenstein, Kreisstadt in Ostpreußen, 3500 E. an der Alle, Garn und Leinwandhandel, Glashütte; Treffen den 3. Febr. 1806 … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Allenstein — Olsztyn … Deutsch Wikipedia
Allenstein — Olsztyn Olsztyn … Wikipédia en Français
Allenstein — Ạllenstein, 1) polnisch Olsztyn [ ɔlʃtin], Hauptstadt der Woiwodschaft Ermland Masuren, im Nordosten Polens, im ehemaligen Ostpreußen, Stadtkreis an der Alle, 169 900 Einwohner; katholischer Erzbischofssitz; Sitz einer landwirtschaftlich… … Universal-Lexikon
Allenstein (region) — Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was a Regierungsbezirk , or government region, of the Prussian Province of East Prussia from 1905 45. The regional capital was Allenstein (Olsztyn).HistoryThe government region was created out of the southern districts … Wikipedia
Allenstein — geographical name see Olsztyn … New Collegiate Dictionary
Allenstein — /ah leuhn shtuyn /, n. German name of Olsztyn. * * * … Universalium
Allenstein — VER Olsztyn … Enciclopedia Universal