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1 Air-to-Surface
Av. ATS -
2 air-to-surface missile
brit.engl. ASMУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > air-to-surface missile
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3 surface vessel
nav. A.S.V. air (radar) -
4 surface-to-air missile
brit.engl. SAMУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > surface-to-air missile
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5 класса воздух-поверхность
nAv. Air-to-Surface (ATS), Luft-zu-Oberfläche... (напр. "воздух-земля", "воздух-корабль")Универсальный русско-немецкий словарь > класса воздух-поверхность
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6 ракета класса воздух - земля
n1) milit. Abwurfwaffe, Angriffsflugkörper, Angriffsgeschoß, Angriffsrakete, Luft-Boden-Flugkörper, Luft-Boden-Geschoß, Luft-Boden-Raketengeschoß, Luft-Böden-Rakete, Rakete für Luft-Boden-Einsatz2) brit.engl. air-to-surface missile3) aerodyn. Abwurfkörper, Abwurfrakete, Luft-Boden-Rakete, Luft-zu-Boden-Rakete, Luft-zu-Erde-RaketeУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > ракета класса воздух - земля
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7 ракета класса воздух-земля
n1) Av. Abwurfrakelengeschoß, Luft-zu-Boden-Geschoß, air-to-surface missile (ASM)2) artil. Flugzeugrakete, Luft-Boden-RaketeУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > ракета класса воздух-земля
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8 ракета класса воздух-поверхность
nУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > ракета класса воздух-поверхность
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9 реактивный снаряд класса воздух-земля
Универсальный русско-немецкий словарь > реактивный снаряд класса воздух-земля
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10 граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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11 длительный допустимый ток
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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12 климат
климат
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climate
The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > климат
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13 движение воздуха
движение воздуха
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air movement
Air movements within the Earth's atmospheric circulation; also called planetary winds. Two main components are recognized: first, the latitudinal meridional component due to the Coriolis force (a deflecting motion or force discussed by G.G. de Coriolis in 1835. The rotation of the Earth causes a body moving across its surface to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere and to the left in the S hemisphere); and secondly, the longitudinal component and the vertical movement, resulting largely from varying pressure distributions due to differential heating and cooling of the Earth's surface. (Source: WHIT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > движение воздуха
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14 воздушный зазор
воздушный зазор
Кратчайшее расстояние между двумя токоведущими и/или токоведущей и открытой проводящей частью.
МЭК 60050(441-17-31).
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]
воздушный зазор
Кратчайшее расстояние в воздухе между двумя токопроводящими1) частями вдоль линии наименьшей протяженности между этими токоведущими1) частями.
Примечание. Для определения воздушного зазора относительно доступных частей следует рассматривать доступную поверхность изоляционной оболочки как токопроводящую, как если бы она была покрыта металлической фольгой во всех местах, где ее можно коснуться рукой или стандартным испытательным пальцем в соответствии с рисунком 9.
(МЭС 441-17-31)
[ ГОСТ Р 50345-99( МЭК 60898-95)]
1) Должно быть проводящими
[Интент]
изоляционный промежуток
Расстояние между двумя токопроводящими частями вдоль нити, натянутой по кратчайшему пути между ними.
[ ГОСТ Р 52726-2007]
зазор
Кратчайшее расстояние по воздуху между двумя токопроводящими1) частями оборудования.
[ ГОСТ Р 52319-2005( МЭК 61010-1: 2001)]
1) Должно быть проводящими
[Интент]EN
clearance
the distance between two conductive parts along a string stretched the shortest way between these conductive parts
[IEV number 441-17-31]
clearance
shortest distance in air between two conductive parts
NOTE – This distance applies only to parts that are exposed to the atmosphere and not to parts which are insulated parts or covered with casting compound.
[IEV number 426-04-12]FR
distance d'isolement
distance entre deux parties conductrices le long d'un fil tendu suivant le plus court trajet possible entre ces deux parties conductrices
[IEV number 441-17-31]
distance d’isolement dans l’air
plus courte distance dans l’air entre deux pièces conductrices
NOTE – Cette distance s'applique seulement aux parties exposées à l'atmosphère et non aux parties isolées ou recouvertes par un composé de moulage.
[IEV number 426-04-12]
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Clearance distance
Shortest distance in air between two conductive parts or between a conductive part and the accessible surface of the relay.
[Tyco Electronics]Воздушный зазор
Кратчайшее расстояние по воздуху между двумя проводящими частями или между проводящей частью и доступной для прикосновения поверхностью реле.
[Перевод Интент]
Наименьшее изоляционное расстояние по воздуху (в свету) от токоведущих до заземленных частей опоры
[ПУЭ]
2
воздушный зазор
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[IEV number 151-14-05]EN
air gap
short gap in the magnetic material forming a magnetic circuit
Source: 221-04-13 MOD
[IEV number 151-14-05]FR
entrefer, m
coupure de faible longueur dans le matériau magnétique constituant un circuit magnétique
Source: 221-04-13 MOD
[IEV number 151-14-05]Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
- выключатель автоматический
- выключатель, переключатель
- высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...
Синонимы
EN
- air clearance
- air distance
- air gap (2)
- air-gap clearance
- clearance
- contact gap (1)
- contact opening distance (1)
- contact separation (1)
- flashover distance
- insulation clearanse
- insulation distance
- isolating distance
DE
FR
- distance d'isolement
- distance d’isolement dans l’air
- entrefer, m (2)
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздушный зазор
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15 взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air-water interaction
The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. (Source: WATER / CEIS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
- interaction air/eau
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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16 плоский источник загрязнения атмосферы
плоский источник загрязнения атмосферы
плоский источник
Источник, выбрасывающий загрязняющие атмосферу вещества с установленной поверхности
[ ГОСТ 17.2.1.04-77]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
24ж. Плоский источник загрязнения атмосферы
Плоский источник
D. Flachenformige Luftverunreinigungsquelle
Е. Area source of air pollution
F. Source de surface
Источник, выбрасывающий загрязняющие атмосферу вещества с установленной поверхности
Источник: ГОСТ 17.2.1.04-77: Охрана природы. Атмосфера. Источники и метеорологические факторы загрязнения, промышленные выбросы. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > плоский источник загрязнения атмосферы
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17 воздушная безопасность
воздушная безопасность
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air safety
Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. (Source: AHB / TOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздушная безопасность
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18 глобальное потепление
глобальное потепление
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
global warming
Changes in the surface-air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > глобальное потепление
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19 ballistische Rakete der Klasse Luft-Boden
milit. (air-surface ballistic missile) ASBMУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > ballistische Rakete der Klasse Luft-Boden
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20 ракета класса земля - воздух
n1) gener. Erde-Luft-Rakete2) milit. Boden-Luft-Geschoß, Boden-Luft-Raketengeschoß, Luftabwehrrakete, Rakete für Boden-Luft-Einsatz3) eng. B-L-Rakete4) brit.engl. surface-to-air missile5) aerodyn. Abwehrrakete, Boden-Luft-Flugkörper, Boden-Luft-Rakete, Boden-zu-Luft-RaketeУниверсальный русско-немецкий словарь > ракета класса земля - воздух
- 1
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См. также в других словарях:
air-to-surface — /air teuh serr feuhs/, adj. 1. operating or directed from a flying aircraft to the surface: air to surface missiles. adv. 2. from a flying aircraft to the surface of the earth: They released the rockets air to surface. Also called air to ground… … Universalium
air-to-surface — [er′təsʉr′fis] adj. launched from an aircraft and directed at a land target [air to surface weapons]: also air to ground … English World dictionary
air-to-surface — adjective operating from or designed to be fired from aircraft at targets on the ground air to surface missiles • Syn: ↑air to ground • Ant: ↑air to air, ↑surface to air * * * ˌair to ˈsurface 7 [air to surface] … Useful english dictionary
air-to-surface — adj. Air to surface is used with these nouns: ↑missile … Collocations dictionary
Air-to-surface missile — An air to surface missile (also, air to ground missile, AGM, ASM or ATGM) is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft (bombers, attack aircraft, fighter aircraft or other kinds) and strike ground targets on land, at sea, or both.… … Wikipedia
air-to-surface guided missile — valdomoji raketa „oras žemė“ statusas T sritis Gynyba apibrėžtis Ore paleidžiama valdomoji raketa antžeminiams taikiniams naikinti. atitikmenys: angl. air to surface guided missile pranc. missile air surface … NATO terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
air-to-surface vessel radar — antvandeninių objektų aptikimo orlaivio radaras statusas T sritis radioelektronika atitikmenys: angl. air to surface vessel radar vok. Flugzeugradar für Abtastung der Meeresoberflache, n rus. самолётная радиолокационная станция обнаружения… … Radioelektronikos terminų žodynas
air-to-surface guided missile — valdomoji raketa „oras–žemė“ statusas T sritis Gynyba apibrėžtis Valdomoji raketa, leidžiama iš orlaivio, antžeminiams taikiniams naikinti. atitikmenys: angl. air to surface guided missile rus. управляемая ракета класса „воздух земля“ … Artilerijos terminų žodynas
air-to-surface guided missile — valdomoji raketa „oras–žemė“ statusas T sritis apsauga nuo naikinimo priemonių apibrėžtis Valdoma raketa, leidžiama iš orlaivio, antžeminiams taikiniams naikinti. atitikmenys: angl. air to surface guided missile rus. управляемая ракета класса… … Apsaugos nuo naikinimo priemonių enciklopedinis žodynas
air-to-surface — adjective directed or operating from an aircraft in flight to the surface of the sea … English new terms dictionary
air-to-surface guided missile — An air launched guided missile for use against surface targets. See also guided missile … Military dictionary
