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61 сульфитная целлюлоза
1) Engineering: acid sulfite pulp, sulfite cellulose, sulfite pulp2) Chemistry: sulphite cellulose, sulphite pulp3) Polymers: sulfiteУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > сульфитная целлюлоза
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62 Mitscherlich, Alexander
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germanyd. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany[br]German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.[br]Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.[br]Further ReadingH.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.LRDBiographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander
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63 сульфатная целлюлоза
1) Engineering: sulfate pulp2) Chemistry: sulphate pulp3) Textile: sulphate cellulose4) Polymers: sulfate, sulfate celluloseУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > сульфатная целлюлоза
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64 хлопковая целлюлоза
1) Engineering: cotton cellulose, linter cellulose2) Polymers: chemical cotton pulp, cotton pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > хлопковая целлюлоза
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65 celulozowy
a.cellulose; przemysł celulozowy pulp industry; masa celulozowa chemical paper-pulp; papier celulozowy cellulose paper.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > celulozowy
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66 древесная целлюлоза
1) Engineering: chemical wood pulp, wood cellulose2) Chemistry: wood pulp4) Textile: lignocellulose5) Polymers: chemical wood6) Makarov: pulp woodУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > древесная целлюлоза
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67 волокнистая масса
1) General subject: fibrillation, pulp stock, рulp2) Engineering: pulp3) Forestry: slush4) Textile: stock5) Cellulose: fiber6) Polymers: fibre7) Makarov: paper pulp -
68 полуцеллюлоза
1) Engineering: semichemical pulp2) Forestry: chemico-mechanical pulp, semi-chemical pulp3) Polymers: semichemical cellulose (непрядомая)4) Makarov: semicellulose -
69 соломенная целлюлоза
1) Engineering: straw cellulose2) Chemistry: straw pulp, yellow pulp, yellow straw pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > соломенная целлюлоза
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70 Zellstoff
m1. cellulose2. chemical pulp3. chemical wood pulp4. pulp -
71 длинноволокнистая целлюлоза
1) Engineering: long-fiber cellulose2) Cellulose: Long fiber pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > длинноволокнистая целлюлоза
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72 коротковолокнистая целлюлоза
1) Engineering: short-fibered cellulose2) Cellulose: Short fiber pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > коротковолокнистая целлюлоза
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73 товарная целлюлоза
1) Engineering: commercial cellulose, marketable cellulose2) Polymers: market pulpУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > товарная целлюлоза
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74 древесная целлюлоза
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > древесная целлюлоза
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75 Zellstoffwatte
f < pap> ■ pulp wadding; artificial cotton; cellucotton -
76 ацетатная целлюлоза
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ацетатная целлюлоза
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77 дефибрер
1) Engineering: comminutor, defibrator, disintegrator, fiber separator, pulp grinder, wood grinder, wood pulp grinder3) Cellulose: grinder -
78 древесномассный картон
1) Forestry: mechanical pulp board, wood-containing board, wood-pulp board2) Cellulose: cylinder wood board (ручного съёма)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > древесномассный картон
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79 листовая целлюлоза
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > листовая целлюлоза
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80 массный ролл
1) Engineering: general-purpose beater, paper-pulp beater2) Cellulose: hollander3) Makarov: paper-pulp heater
См. также в других словарях:
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pulp cellulose — kraftceliuliozė statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Ypač stipri nebalinta sulfatinė celiuliozė. atitikmenys: angl. kraft cellulose; kraft pulp; pulp cellulose; sulfate pulp cellulose rus. крафт целлюлоза; небеленная сульфатная целлюлоза … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
pulp — I. noun Etymology: Middle English pulpe, from Latin pulpa flesh, pulp Date: 14th century 1. a. (1) the soft, succulent part of a fruit usually composed of mesocarp (2) stem pith when soft and spongy b. a soft mass of vegetable matter (as of… … New Collegiate Dictionary
cellulose — A linear B1→4 glucan, composed of cellobiose residues, differing in this respect from starch, which is comprised of maltose residues; it forms the basis of vegetable and wood fiber and is the most abundant organic compound; useful in providing… … Medical dictionary
Dissolving pulp — (also called dissolving cellulose) is a bleached wood pulp that has a high cellulose content (> 90%). It is produced chemically from the pulpwood, in a process that has a low yield (30 35% of the wood). This pulp has special properties, such… … Wikipedia
Bleaching of wood pulp — is the chemical processing carried out on various types of wood pulp to decrease the color of the pulp, so that it becomes whiter. The main use of wood pulp is to make paper where whiteness (similar to but not exactly the same as brightness ) is… … Wikipedia
Crise des usines de la cellulose entre l'Argentine et l'Uruguay — Guerre du papier 33° 04′ 59″ S 58° 24′ 00″ W / 33.083, 58.400 La « g … Wikipédia en Français