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1 service audiovisuel
audiovisual department, AV departmentGlossaire des termes pour l'organisation d'événements > service audiovisuel
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2 bèches
Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > bèches
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3 SGEN
abr nm Syndicat général de l'éducation nationale teachers' trades union* * * -
4 côte du type Cala
Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > côte du type Cala
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5 dessin acoustique
Architecture française et le dictionnaire de construction > dessin acoustique
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6 civelot
n. m. ( ntil.): 'Civvy', civilian. Etre en civelot: To be in 'mufti', in civvies, to be in civilian clothes. -
7 de bon coeur
Dictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > de bon coeur
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8 bravement
bravely, gallantly, valiantly -
9 éclater
éclater [eklate]➭ TABLE 11. intransitive verba. ( = exploser) [pneu] to burst ; [verre] to shatter ; [parti, ville, services, structures familiales] to break upb. ( = commencer) [incendie, épidémie, guerre] to break out ; [orage, scandale, nouvelle] to breakc. ( = retentir) un coup de fusil a éclaté there was the crack of a rifled. ( = se manifester) [vérité] to shine out ; [mauvaise foi] to be blatant• il a éclaté ( = s'est mis en colère) he exploded with rage2. reflexive verb* * *eklateverbe intransitif1) ( exploser) [pneu, bulle, chaudière] to burst; [obus, pétard] to explode; [bouteille] to shatterfaire éclater — [personne] to burst [bulle, ballon]; to detonate [bombe, grenade]; to let off [pétard]
2) ( se rompre) [canalisation, abcès] to burst; [organe] to rupture3) ( retentir) [applaudissements, rire, fusillade] to break out; [coup de feu] to ring out4) ( être révélé) [scandale, nouvelle] to break; [vérité] to come out5) ( survenir) [guerre, grève, polémique] to break out; [orage] to break; [crise] to erupt6) ( être exprimé) [colère] to erupt7) ( se fragmenter) [coalition, royaume] to break up (en into); [parti] to split (en into)8) ( se mettre en colère) [personne] to lose one's temper* * *eklate vi1) [pneu] to burst, [bombe] to explode2) [guerre, épidémie] to break outLa Seconde Guerre mondiale a éclaté en 1939. — The Second World War broke out in 1939.
3) [groupe, parti] to break up4)* * *éclater verb table: aimerA vi1 ( exploser) [pneu, bulle, chaudière] to burst; [obus, pétard] to explode; [tuyau] to burst; [bouteille] to shatter; éclater en mille morceaux [bouteille, verre] to shatter into a thousand pieces; faire éclater [personne] to burst [bulle, ballon]; to detonate [bombe, grenade]; to let off [pétard];2 ( se rompre) [canalisation, veine, abcès] to burst; [organe] to rupture; faire éclater [gel] to burst [tuyau];3 ( retentir) [applaudissements, rire, fusillade] to break out; [coup de feu] to ring out; un coup de tonnerre a éclaté there was a sudden clap of thunder;4 ( être révélé) [scandale, affaire, nouvelle] to break; [vérité] to come out; [polémique] to break out; faire éclater qch au grand jour to bring sth to light; ce groupe a éclaté sur la scène internationale en 1974 the group burst onto the international scene in 1974;5 ( survenir) [guerre, dispute, grève, épidémie] to break out; [orage] to break; [crise] to erupt;6 ( être exprimé) [joie, bonheur] to manifest itself; [colère] to erupt; laisser éclater sa joie/son bonheur to give free rein to one's joy/one's happiness; laisser éclater sa colère/son ressentiment to give vent to one's anger/one's resentment;7 ( se fragmenter) [coalition, royaume] to break up; éclater en to break up into [provinces]; to split into [tendances]; faire éclater un parti to split a party;8 ( se mettre en colère) [personne] to lose one's temper, to blow up○; éclater en reproches contre qn to heap reproaches on sb; éclater de rire to burst out laughing; éclater en sanglots to burst into tears.[eklate] verbe intransitifj'ai l'impression que ma tête/mon cœur/ma poitrine va éclater I feel as if my head/heart/chest is going to burst3. [retentir]4. [se déclencher - guerre, scandale] to break out5. [apparaître] to stand out6. [de colère] to explode7. [être célèbre] to be an instant success————————s'éclater verbe pronominal intransitif(familier) to have a whale of a time ou a ball -
10 ORTF
The French broadcasting authority, from 1964 to 1974. An autonomous agency, it was modelled, by General de Gaulle, on the BBC. it was dismantled in 1974, when the various divisions that it previously included, such as the state TV channel Antenne 2, became autonomous bodies in their own right.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > ORTF
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11 Pompidou, Georges
(1911-1974)President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974, successor to General de Gaulle. Conservative (Gaullist) Prime minister 1962-1968. The Pompidou years were the final phase of the truly Gaullist Fifth Republic; Pompidou was succeeded (after the brief caretaker presidency of Alain Poher) by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing who, although a conservative, was an Independent Republican, not a member of the Gaullist party.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Pompidou, Georges
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12 internet
L’internet est un vaste réseau informatique opérant à l’échelle mondiale et reliant une multitude de sous-réseaux au moyen d’un même protocole (IP: internet protocol), ce protocole permettant à des ordinateurs différents de communiquer entre eux. Le réseau internet regroupe les réseaux publics, réseaux privés, réseaux commerciaux, réseaux d’enseignement, réseaux de services, etc., opérant à l’échelle planétaire pour offrir d’énormes ressources en information, communication et diffusion. Apparu en 1974, l’internet se développe rapidement à partir de 1983. Outre le World Wide Web, plus communément appelé web, lancé en 1991, l’internet inclut de nombreux services: courriel, forums, messagerie instantanée, visioconférence, téléphonie sur IP, etc. Vinton Cerf est souvent appelé le père de l’internet parce qu’il crée en 1974 (avec Bob Kahn) le protocole TCP/IP (transmission control protocol / internet protocol), à la base de tout échange de données. En 1992, Vinton Cerf fonde l’Internet Society (ISOC), un organisme international visant à promouvoir le développement de l’internet. Quelque trente ans après les débuts de l’internet, "ses trois pouvoirs - l’ubiquité, la variété et l’interactivité - rendent son potentiel d’usages quasi infini" (Le Monde, 19 août 2005). Le cap du milliard d’internautes est franchi en 2006. -
13 Besancenot, Olivier
b 1974.Chief spokesman and virtual leader of the NPA, the Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste, a left-wing anti-capitalist party founded in early 2009. Prior to the founding of the NPA, Besancenot had been leader of the LCR Ligue Communiste Revolutionnaire party. Very telegenic and a good speaker, Besançenot is a popular guest on radio and TV talk shows. He ran in the presidential elections in both 2002 and 2007, and each time achieved over 4% of the vote. Eschewing labels, he simply describes himself as a "revolutionary", and can be described as a classic example of the French intellectual left. Born into a middle-class family, he achieved a postgraduate degree in modern history from the University of Paris, but works as a postman.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Besancenot, Olivier
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14 Chirac, Jacques
born 1932.(adj. Chiraquien)Former conservative (Gaullist) President of France, from 1995 to 2007. Chirac's reelection in 2002 was an unexpected twist of fortune, caused by the elimination of the front-runner, socialist Lionel Jospin, pipped into third place in the first round of the election by a surge in the vote for the far right wing leader of the French National Front, Jean Marie Le Pen.Facing Le Pen in the second round, Chirac was reelected with a massive majority in what was in essence a contest between the the extreme right and everyone else. Had the second round of the election been a classic left-right contest, Chirac's re-election would not have been guaranteed.Jacques Chirac was a highly ambitious career politician, who worked his way rapidly up the ranks of the Gaullist movement; yet his first steps in politics were actually as a militant for the Communist party, and as a student he sold the communist newspaper l'Humanité on the streets of Paris. After graduating from "Sciences Po", he changed tack, married into Parisian high society, studied at the elite ENA (Ecole Nationale d'Administration), and then began a career in politics, working for the office of the prime minister, Georges Pompidou. In 1976, he was appointed junior minister for employment in the third Pompidou government, and from then after he remained one of the most omnipresent of conservative politicians in France. From Gaullist, he became a supporter of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during Giscard's 1974 bid for the presidency - against the Gaullist Chaban-Delmas - and was appointed Prime Minister when Giscard won. Two years later, he resigned, complaining that Giscard was cramping his style.This was the start of his rise to the top. No longer prime minister, in 1977 he set about building his own power base, or rather his own two power bases, firstly as leader of a new political party, the RPR, created out of the old Gaullist UDR, and secondly by becoming elected Mayor of Paris. In 1981, he challenged Giscard for the presidency, but came third in the first round of the election, which was won by François Mitterrand. By 1986 he was clear leader of the conservative opposition. When the conservatives won the general election of that year, he was appointed prime minister, ushering in the first period of cohabitation (see below) between a president and a government of different political persuasions.In 1988, he was again a candidate in the presidential election, and again lost; but with his power base in Paris and in the RPR, he then had seven years in which to prepare his third, and first successful, challenge for the presidency.He served two terms as president, the first of seven years, the second of five - though as already stated, his reelection in 2002 was more due to the failure of the Socialist campaign and the surprise presence of Le Pen in the second round, than in his own popularity. It is still rather early to judge the Chirac presidency in a historic perspective, but early appraisals suggest that it will not be remembered as a great period in French history. It was a time during which France dramatically failed to adapt to the changes in the modern world - the end of the Cold War and the challenge of globalisation - and failed to push through the social and economic reforms that were allowing other developed nations such as France, Germany or Spain, to find their place in the new world order.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chirac, Jacques
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15 Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry
(adj. Giscardien)Born 1926President of France from 1974 to 1981. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing succeed Georges Pompidou as French president, thereby putting an end to 16 years of Gaullist presidency. Though a conservative, Giscard was from the UDF, the centre right party in the conservative coalition of the time.On becoming president, Giscard promised change after a decade and a half of Gaullist rule: more Atlanticist and pro-European than previous presidents, he nevertheless failed to embody the change that many people wanted, and was not reelected for a second term. He tried to give the French presidency more popular appeal than it previously enjoyed, and make it seem closer to ordinary Frenchmen, but his changes were more symbolic than real, and included walking down the Champs Elysées in a sweater rather than a suit, and inviting himself to dinner with ordinary French families from time to time.After his defeat at the 1981 Presidential election, Giscard returned to politics as an ordinary Député (MP), and also became strongly involved in local politics in his region, the Auvergne, becoming President of the Regional Council from 1986 to 2004.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry
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16 Lalonde, Brice
Born 1946. Lalonde was the first "green" politician in France to gain a position of influence in French government. President of the Student Union UNEF during the events of 1968, he later founded the French branch of Friends of the Earth, and subsequently became a Greenpeace activist, campaiging against French nuclear tests in the south Pacific. He was director of campaign for the first green candidate in a presidential election, René Dumont in 1974, and subsequently ran for president himself. In 1990, he founded the first successful Green party, called Génération Ecologie, and was appointed Minister of the environment in the Socialist government of Edith Cresson, a post he held for just one year.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Lalonde, Brice
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17 Mazarine
Mazarine Pingeot born 1974 - A French writer, daughter of François Mitterrand. In 1994, the magazine Paris Match revealed that President François Mitterrand had for 20 years hidden the fact that he had a daughter, through an extramarital liaison. The "Mazarine affair", which might have cause the downfall of senior politicians in many countries, cused little more than the raising of a few eyebrows in France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Mazarine
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18 Messmer, Pierre
(1916 - 2007)Prime minister of France 1972 - 1974 under President Pompidou. A historic figure of the Gaullist movement, and former colonial administrator, Messmer was de Gaulle's second-closest adviser. On the traditionalist wing of the Gaullist movement, he was Minister of the Armies at the time of the Algerian war of independence.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Messmer, Pierre
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19 Poher, Alain
(1909-1996)Interim president of France following the resignation of General de Gaulle in 1969, and again following the death of Georges Pompidou in 1974. He acceded to the Presidency in his function of leader of Sénat, the the upper house in the French parliament.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Poher, Alain
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20 Cerf, Vinton
Souvent appelé le père de l’internet, Vinton Cerf est le co-inventeur (avec Bob Kahn) en 1974 du protocole TCP/IP (transmission control protocol / internet protocol), à la base de tout échange de données sur le réseau. En 1992, il crée l’Internet Society (ISOC), un organisme professionnel international non gouvernemental ayant pour but de promouvoir le développement de l’internet. En 2005, l’ISOC compte 100 organisations membres et 20.000 membres individuels dans 180 pays. Sur le site de l’ISOC, Vinton Cerf relate lui-même les débuts de l’internet dans son texte A Brief Story of the Internet and Related Networks. Vinton Cerf est président de l’ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), l’organisme international régissant l’attribution des noms de domaine. Vinton Cerf rejoint ensuite Google et devient l’un des vice-présidents de la société.
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