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1 Baird, John Logie
[br]b. 13 August 1888 Helensburgh, Dumbarton, Scotlandd. 14 June 1946 Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England[br]Scottish inventor of mechanically-based television.[br]Baird attended Larchfield Academy, then the Royal Technical College and Glasgow University. However, before he could complete his electrical-engineering degree, the First World War began, although poor health kept him out of the armed services.Employed as an engineer at the Clyde Valley Electrical Company, he lost his position when his diamond-making experiment caused a power failure in Glasgow. He then went to London, where he lived with his sister and tried manufacturing household products of his own design. To recover from poor health, he then went to Hastings and, using scrap materials, began experiments with imaging systems. In 1924 he transmitted outline images over wires, and by 1925 he was able to transmit recognizable human faces. In 1926 he was able to transmit moving images at a resolution of thirty lines per image and a frequency of ten images per second over an infrared link. Also that year, he started the world's first television station, which he named 2TV. In 1927 he transmitted moving images from London to Glasgow, and later that year to a passenger liner. In 1928 he demonstrated colour television.In 1936, when the BBC wanted to begin television service, Baird's system lost out in a competition with Marconi Electric and Musical Industries (EMI). In 1946 Baird reported that he had successfully completed research on a stereo television system.[br]Further ReadingR.Tiltman, 1933, Baird of Television, London: Seeley Service; repub. 1974, New York: Arno Press.J.Rowland, 1967, The Television Man: The Story of John Logie Baird, New York: Roy Publishers.F.Macgregor, 1984, Famous Scots, Gordon Wright (contains a short biography on Baird).HO -
2 logika
• logie -
3 analizator obwodów logicznych
• logie circuit analyserSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > analizator obwodów logicznych
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4 поддельные драгоценности
1) General subject: bijouterie2) American: cheap jewelry3) Scornful: junk jewelry4) Theatre: logie5) Business: false jewelsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поддельные драгоценности
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5 element logiczny
• functor• logic element• logical element• logie element -
6 element logiczny strumieniowy
• fluid logie elementSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > element logiczny strumieniowy
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7 komplementarny stałoprądowy układ logiczny
• complementary constant current logieSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > komplementarny stałoprądowy układ logiczny
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8 logiczna Jednostka centralna
• central logie unitSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > logiczna Jednostka centralna
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9 logika n-wartościowa
• n-valued logieSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > logika n-wartościowa
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10 schemat logiczny
• logical schema• logie diagram -
11 układ logiczny
• digital circuit• logie• merged transistor logic -
12 Broadcasting
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br] -
13 Campbell-Swinton, Alan Archibald
[br]b. 18 October 1863 Kimmerghame, Berwickshire, Scotlandd. 19 February 1930 London, England[br]Scottish electrical engineer who correctly predicted the development of electronic television.[br]After a time at Cargilfield Trinity School, Campbell-Swinton went to Fettes College in Edinburgh from 1878 to 1881 and then spent a year abroad in France. From 1882 until 1887 he was employed at Sir W.G.Armstrong's works in Elswick, Newcastle, following which he set up his own electrical contracting business in London. This he gave up in 1904 to become a consultant. Subsequently he was an engineer with many industrial companies, including the W.T.Henley Telegraph Works Company, Parson Marine Steam Turbine Company and Crompton Parkinson Ltd, of which he became a director. During this time he was involved in electrical and scientific research, being particularly associated with the development of the Parson turbine.In 1903 he tried to realize distant electric vision by using a Braun oscilloscope tube for the. image display, a second tube being modified to form a synchronously scanned camera, by replacing the fluorescent display screen with a photoconductive target. Although this first attempt at what was, in fact, a vidicon camera proved unsuccessful, he was clearly on the right lines and in 1908 he wrote a letter to Nature with a fairly accurate description of the principles of an all-electronic television system using magnetically deflected cathode ray tubes at the camera and receiver, with the camera target consisting of a mosaic of photoconductive elements that were scanned and discharged line by line by an electron beam. He expanded on his ideas in a lecture to the Roentgen Society, London, in 1911, but it was over twenty years before the required technology had advanced sufficiently for Shoenberg's team at EMI to produce a working system.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS (Member of Council 1927 and 1929). Freeman of the City of London. Liveryman of Goldsmiths' Company. First President, Wireless Society 1920–1. Vice-President, Royal Society of Arts, and Chairman of Council 1917–19,1920–2. Chairman, British Scientific Research Association. Vice-President, British Photographic Research Association. Member of the Broadcasting Board 1924. Vice-President, Roentgen Society 1911–12. Vice-President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1921–5. President, Radio Society of Great Britain 1913–21. Manager, Royal Institution 1912–15.Bibliography1908, Nature 78:151; 1912, Journal of the Roentgen Society 8:1 (both describe his original ideas for electronic television).1924, "The possibilities of television", Wireless World 14:51 (gives a detailed description of his proposals, including the use of a threestage valve video amplifier).1926, Nature 118:590 (describes his early experiments of 1903).Further ReadingThe Proceedings of the International Conference on the History of Television. From Early Days to the Present, November 1986, Institution of Electrical Engineers Publication No. 271 (a report of some of the early developments in television). A.A.Campbell-Swinton FRS 1863–1930, Royal Television Society Monograph, 1982, London (a biography).KFSee also: Baird, John LogieBiographical history of technology > Campbell-Swinton, Alan Archibald
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14 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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15 Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
[br]b. 19 August 1906 Beaver, Utah, USAd. 11 March 1971 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA[br]American engineer and independent inventor who was a pioneer in the development of television.[br]Whilst still in high school, Farnsworth became interested in the possibility of television and conceived many of the basic features of a practicable system of TV broadcast and reception. Following two years of study at the Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, in 1926 he cofounded the Crocker Research Laboratories in San Francisco, subsequently Farnsworth Television Inc. (1929) and Farnsworth Radio \& Television Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana (1938). There he began a lifetime of research, primarily in the field of television. In 1927, with the backing of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and the collaboration of Vladimir Zworykin, he demonstrated the first all-electronic television system, based on his early ideas for an image dissector tube, the first electronic equivalent of the Nipkow disc. With this rudimentary sixty-line system he was able to transmit a recognizable dollar sign and file the first of many TV patents. From then on he contributed to a variety of developments in the fields of vacuum tubes, radar and atomic-power generation, with patents on cathode ray tubes, amplifying and pick-up tubes, electron multipliers and photoelectric materials.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Radio Engineers Morris Leibmann Memorial Prize 1941.Bibliography1930, British patent nos. 368,309 and 368,721 (for his image dissector).1934, "Television by electron image scanning", Journal of the Franklin Institute 218:411 (describes the complete image-dissector system).Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry 1925–1941, University of Alabama Press.O.E.Dunlop Jr, 1944, Radio's 100 Men of Science.G.R.M.Garratt \& A.H.Mumford, 1952, "The history of television", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers III A Television 99.KFBiographical history of technology > Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
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16 Flechsig, W.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]fl. c.1938 Germany[br]German engineer notable for early patents that foreshadowed the development of the shadowmask colour cathode ray tube.[br]In 1938, whilst working for a German electrical company, Flechsig filed a patent in which he described the use of an array of stretched parallel wires to control the landing of either one or three electron beams on separate red, green and blue phosphor stripes within a single cathode ray tube. Whilst the single-beam arrangement required subsidiary deflection to alternate the beam landing angle, the three-beam version effectively used the wires to "mask" the landing of the electron beams so that each one only illuminated the relevant colour phosphor stripes. Although not developed at the time, the concept anticipated the subsequent invention of the shadowmask tube by RCA in the early 1950s and, even more closely, the development of the Sony Trinitron some years later.[br]Bibliography1938, German patent no. 736, 575.1941, French patent no. 866, 065.Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.K.G.Freeman, "The history of colour CRTs. A personal view", International Conference on the History of Television, Institution of Electrical Engineers Publication no. 271, p.38.KF -
17 Goldmark, Peter Carl
[br]b. 2 December 1906 Budapest, Hungaryd. 7 December 1977 Westchester Co., New York, USA[br]Austro-Hungarian engineer who developed the first commercial colour television system and the long-playing record.[br]After education in Hungary and a period as an assistant at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, Goldmark moved to England, where he joined Pye of Cambridge and worked on an experimental thirty-line television system using a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display. In 1936 he moved to the USA to work at Columbia Broadcasting Laboratories. There, with monochrome television based on the CRT virtually a practical proposition, he devoted his efforts to finding a way of producing colour TV images: in 1940 he gave his first demonstration of a working system. There then followed a series of experimental field-sequential colour TV systems based on segmented red, green and blue colour wheels and drums, where the problem was to find an acceptable compromise between bandwidth, resolution, colour flicker and colour-image breakup. Eventually he arrived at a system using a colour wheel in combination with a CRT containing a panchromatic phosphor screen, with a scanned raster of 405 lines and a primary colour rate of 144 fields per second. Despite the fact that the receivers were bulky, gave relatively poor, dim pictures and used standards totally incompatible with the existing 525-line, sixty fields per second interlaced monochrome (black and white) system, in 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), anxious to encourage postwar revival of the industry, authorized the system for public broadcasting. Within eighteen months, however, bowing to pressure from the remainder of the industry, which had formed its own National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) to develop a much more satisfactory, fully compatible system based on the RCA three-gun shadowmask CRT, the FCC withdrew its approval.While all this was going on, Goldmark had also been working on ideas for overcoming the poor reproduction, noise quality, short playing-time (about four minutes) and limited robustness and life of the long-established 78 rpm 12 in. (30 cm) diameter shellac gramophone record. The recent availability of a new, more robust, plastic material, vinyl, which had a lower surface noise, enabled him in 1948 to reduce the groove width some three times to 0.003 in. (0.0762 mm), use a more lightly loaded synthetic sapphire stylus and crystal transducer with improved performance, and reduce the turntable speed to 33 1/3 rpm, to give thirty minutes of high-quality music per side. This successful development soon led to the availability of stereophonic recordings, based on the ideas of Alan Blumlein at EMI in the 1930s.In 1950 Goldmark became a vice-president of CBS, but he still found time to develop a scan conversion system for relaying television pictures to Earth from the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. He also almost brought to the market a domestic electronic video recorder (EVR) system based on the thermal distortion of plastic film by separate luminance and coded colour signals, but this was overtaken by the video cassette recorder (VCR) system, which uses magnetic tape.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Award 1945. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Vladimir K. Zworykin Award 1961.Bibliography1951, with J.W.Christensen and J.J.Reeves, "Colour television. USA Standard", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 39: 1,288 (describes the development and standards for the short-lived field-sequential colour TV standard).1949, with R.Snepvangers and W.S.Bachman, "The Columbia long-playing microgroove recording system", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 37:923 (outlines the invention of the long-playing record).Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.See also: Baird, John LogieKF -
18 Ives, Herbert Eugene
[br]b. 1882 USAd. 1953[br]American physicist find television pioneer.[br]Ives gained his PhD in physics from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and subsequently served in the US Signal Corps, eventually gaining experience in aerial photography. He then joined the Western Electric Engineering Department (later Bell Telephone Laboratories), c.1920 becoming leader of a group concerned with television-image transmission over telephone lines. In 1927, using a Nipkow disc, he demonstrated 50-line, 18 frames/sec pictures that could be displayed as either 2 in.×2 1/2 in. (5.1 cm×6.4 cm) images suitable for a "wirephone", or 2 ft ×2 1/2 ft (61 cm×76 cm) images for television viewing. Two years later, using a single-spiral disc and three separately modulated light sources, he was able to produce full-colour images.[br]Bibliography1915, "The transformation of colour mixture equations", Journal of the Franklin Institute 180:673.1923, "do—Pt II", Journal of the Franklin Institute 195–23.1925, "Telephone picture transmission", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 23:82.1929, "Television in colour", Bell Laboratories Record 7:439.1930, with A.L.Johnsrul, "Television in colour by a beam-scanning method", Journal of the Optical Society of America 20:11.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KF -
19 Jenkins, Charles Francis
[br]b. 1867 USAd. 1934 USA[br]American pioneer of motion pictures and television.[br]During the early years of the motion picture industry, Jenkins made many innovations, including the development in 1894 of his own projector, the "Phantoscope", which was widely used for a number of years. In the same year he also suggested the possibility of electrically transmitting pictures over a distance, an interest that led to a lifetime of experimentation. As a result of his engineering contributions to the practical realization of moving pictures, in 1915 the National Motion Picture Board of Trade asked him to chair a committee charged with establishing technical standards for the industry. This in turn led to his proposing the creation of a professional society for those engineers in the industry, and the following year the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (later to become the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) was formed, with Jenkins as its first President. Soon after this he began experiments with mechanical television, using both the Nipkow hole-spiral disc and a low-definition system of his own, based on rotating bevelled glass discs (his so-called "prismatic rings") and alkali-metal photocells. In the 1920s he gave many demonstrations of mechanical television, including a cable transmission of a crude silhouette of President Harding from Washington, DC, to Philadelphia in 1923 and a radio broadcast from Washington in 1928. The following year he formed the Jenkins Television Company to make television transmitters and receivers, but it soon went into debt and was acquired by the de Forest Company, from whom RCA later purchased the patents.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst President, Society of Motion Picture Engineers 1916.Bibliography1923, "Radio photographs, radio movies and radio vision", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16:78.1923, "Recent progress in the transmission of motion pictures by radio", Transactions ofthe Society of Motion Picture Engineers 17:81.1925, "Radio movies", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 21:7. 1930, "Television systems", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 15:445. 1925. Vision by Radio.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry, 1925–41: University of Alabama Press.R.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Sons.1926. "The Jenkins system", Wireless World 18: 642 (contains a specific account of Jenkins's work).KFBiographical history of technology > Jenkins, Charles Francis
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20 Rosing, Boris
[br]fl. c. 1907 St Petersburg, Russia[br]Russian scientist who made early experiments in television.[br]In 1907, while Professor at St Petersburg Technological Institute, Rosing proposed the use of the Braun tube as a television display in conjunction with a photoelectric cell and double mirrordrum scanning system as a pick-up device. Four years later he was apparently able to transmit faint and very crude static pictures.[br]Bibliography1907, British patent no. 27,570.Further ReadingC.J.Hylander \& R Harding, 1941, An Introduction to Television.R.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Sons.See also: Baird, John Logie; Ives, Herbert Eugene; Jenkins, Charles Francis; Zworykin, Vladimir KosmaKF
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См. также в других словарях:
-logie — logie, logique, logue ♦ Éléments, du gr. logia « théorie », de logos « discours ». Le suffixe logie sert à désigner des sciences, des études méthodiques (géologie, psychologie, technologie), des façons de parler, des figures de rhétorique… … Encyclopédie Universelle
logie — LÓGIE s.f. v. loggia. Trimis de LauraGellner, 13.09.2007. Sursa: DN LOGÍE Element secund de compunere savantă, cu sensul de disciplină , ştiinţă , expunere ştiinţifică . [< fr. logie, it. logia, cf. gr. logia < logos – cuvânt, discurs].… … Dicționar Român
-logie — Suffix zur Bildung von desubstantivischen Substantiven mit der Bedeutung Wissenschaft von, Lehre von (z.B. Biologie, Graphologie) erw. fach. ( ) Beschreibung von Affixen. Es handelt sich ursprünglich um Abstrakta auf gr. logía zu Nomina agentis… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Logie — If you searched for Logie you may be looking for: * Logie, Dundee, a residential area in the City of Dundee, Scotland * The Logie Award, the Australian television industry awards * The Laird o Logie, Child ballad number 182or people named Logie:… … Wikipedia
Logie — 1) LOGIE, a parish, in the district of Cupar, county of Fife; containing, with the village of Lucklawhill Feus, 419 inhabitants, of whom forty six are in the village of Logie, 4 miles (N. N. E.) from Cupar. This parish derives its name from… … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
-logie — Die Endung logie kommt vom griechischen λόγος (Transliteration: lógos), bedeutet „Wort“, aber auch „Lehre“, „Sinn“, „Rede“, „Vernunft“[1] und bezeichnet in der Regel die Wissenschaft zu einem Gebiet. Die Endung nomie hat oft dieselbe Funktion… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Logie — Die Endung logie kommt vom griechischen λόγος (Transliteration: lógos), bedeutet „Wort“, aber auch „Lehre“, „Sinn“, „Rede“, „Vernunft“[1] und bezeichnet in der Regel die Wissenschaft zu einem Gebiet. Die Endung nomie hat oft dieselbe Funktion… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Logie — This most interesting and unusual surname is of Old Scots Gaelic origin, and is a locational name from one or more of the many places so called in Scotland, for example, Logie, near Leuchars in Fife, and Loggie, on the western shoreof Loch Broom… … Surnames reference
Logie — /ˈloʊgi/ (say lohgee) noun one of a group of awards (the TV Week Logie Awards) made annually since 1958 to outstanding television practitioners in Australia; in the form of a statuette. {after John Logie Baird, and coined by Graham Kennedy when… …
...logie — lo|gie 〈in Zus.; zur Bildung von Subst.; f. 19〉 Kunde, Lehre, Wissenschaft von ..., z. B. Psychologie [zu grch. logos „Wort, Kunde“] * * * ...logie, Wortbildungselement, logo … Universal-Lexikon
logie — I. ˈlōgi noun ( s) Etymology: by shortening chiefly Scotland : killogie II. ˈlōgē noun ( s) Etymology: after David Logie, 19th century … Useful english dictionary
