...+may+include

an attempt to get the board of a company that is a target acquisition to recommend an offer to its shareholders. A bear hug may include the acquiring company offering to buy shares in the target at a premium. In a reverse bear hug, the board of the company to be acquired demonstrates its willingness to recommend an offer, usually on particular conditions. (slang)

a detailed set of documents providing guidelines and information about the budget process. A budget manual may include: a calendar of budgetary events; sample budget forms; a statement of budgetary objective and desired results; a listing of budgetary activities; original, revised, and approved budgets; and budget assumptions regarding inflation, interest rates, etc.

design for manufacturability, design for assembly or design for production

the process of designing a product for best-fit with the manufacturing system of an organization in order to reduce the problems of bringing a product to market. Design for manufacturability is a team approach to manufacturing that pairs those responsible for the design of a product with those who build it. The manufacturing issues that need to be taken into account in the design process may include using the minimum number of parts, selecting appropriate materials, ease of assembly, and minimizing the number of machine set-ups. Design for manufacturability is one of the elements of concurrent engineering and is sometimes used as a synonym for it.

Also known as engineering for excellence, manufacturing for excellence, producibility engineering

design for manufacturability, design for assembly or design for production

the process of designing a product for best-fit with the manufacturing system of an organization in order to reduce the problems of bringing a product to market. Design for manufacturability is a team approach to manufacturing that pairs those responsible for the design of a product with those who build it. The manufacturing issues that need to be taken into account in the design process may include using the minimum number of parts, selecting appropriate materials, ease of assembly, and minimizing the number of machine set-ups. Design for manufacturability is one of the elements of concurrent engineering and is sometimes used as a synonym for it.

Also known as engineering for excellence, manufacturing for excellence, producibility engineering

design for manufacturability, design for assembly or design for production

the process of designing a product for best-fit with the manufacturing system of an organization in order to reduce the problems of bringing a product to market. Design for manufacturability is a team approach to manufacturing that pairs those responsible for the design of a product with those who build it. The manufacturing issues that need to be taken into account in the design process may include using the minimum number of parts, selecting appropriate materials, ease of assembly, and minimizing the number of machine set-ups. Design for manufacturability is one of the elements of concurrent engineering and is sometimes used as a synonym for it.

Also known as engineering for excellence, manufacturing for excellence, producibility engineering

the development of strategies for matching the size and skills of the workforce to organizational needs. Human resource planning assists organizations to recruit, retain, and optimize the deployment of the personnel needed to meet business objectives and to respond to changes in the external environment. The process involves carrying out a skills analysis of the existing workforce, carrying out manpower forecasting, and taking action to ensure that supply meets demand. This may include the development of training and retraining strategies.

Also known as manpower planning

a fixed or overhead cost that cannot be attributed directly to the production of a particular item and is incurred even when there is no output. Indirect costs may include the cost center functions of finance and accounting, information technology, administration, and personnel.

See also direct cost

an approach for planning, organizing, and controlling all those activities principally concerned with the flow of materials into an organization. The scope of materials management varies greatly from company to company and may include material planning and control, production planning, purchasing, inventory control and stores, in-plant materials movement, and waste management.

manufacturing resource planning: a computer-based manufacturing, inventory planning and control system that broadens the scope of production planning by involving other functional areas that influence production decisions. Manufacturing resource planning evolved from material requirements planning to integrate other functions in the planning process. These functions may include engineering, marketing, purchasing, production scheduling, business planning, and finance.

costs incurred after a capital expenditure decision has been implemented and facilities acquired. These costs may include training, maintenance, and the cost of upgrades.

a decision on whether to produce goods internally or to buy them in from outside the organization. The goal of purchasing versus production is to secure needed items at the best possible cost, while making optimum use of the resources of the organization. Factors influencing the decision may include: cost, spare capacity within the organization, the need for tight quality and scheduling control, flexibility, the enhancement of skills that can then be used in other ways, volume and economies of scale, utilization of existing personnel, the need for secrecy, capital and financing requirements, and the potential reliability of supply.

Also known as buy or make, make or buy, internal versus external sourcing

provisions in a company’s bylaws that make it more difficult for a proposition such as a change of status or the acceptance of a hostile takeover bid to succeed. Elements of shark repellent may include: requiring a vote that is substantially higher than that required by law; creating different voting rights attached to different stocks; very long notice for special business meetings; or requiring certain shareholders to waive rights to any capital gains resulting from a takeover. (slang)

the process of screening and evaluating potential suppliers of materials, goods, or services. Supplier evaluation involves establishing a set of requirements, which may include basic business robustness, performance elements specific to the product or service, and the key order winning criteria for final selection. Existing and potential suppliers are screened against these criteria, prior to placing a new order. When this process is undertaken after the fulfillment of an order, it is known as vendor rating.

a system for recording and ranking the performance of a supplier in terms of a variety of issues, which may include delivery performance and the quality of the items. A process of vendor rating is essential to effective purchasing. When conducted before an order is placed, it is known as supplier evaluation. When undertaken after the fulfillment of an order, it is called supplier rating, or supplier appraisal.

Maori for a song or chant that has been passed down through generations within iwi. It may include information that explains events relating to the environment.

διάκονος, ου, ὁ, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διακονία; Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 6:10 L, for δράκοντας; TestJud 14:2; Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat., Iren., Hippol.) gener. one who is busy with someth. in a manner that is of assistance to someone

① one who serves as an intermediary in a transaction, agent, intermediary, courier (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 298 of Rachel who brought Jacob to Laban; s. also Ant. 7, 201; 224 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 354 Elisha is Ἠλίου καὶ μαθητὴς καὶ δ.; Epigonos is δ. καὶ μαθητής of Noetus in Hippol., Ref. 9, 7, 1). Of a deity’s intermediaries: gener. θεοῦ δ. (Epict. 3, 24, 65 Diogenes as τοῦ Διὸς διάκονος; Achilles Tat. 3, 18, 5 δ. θεῶν; cp. Philo, De Jos. 241; Jos., Bell. 3, 354) 2 Cor 6:4; 1 Th 3:2 (cp. 1 Cor 3:5) s. below; Tit 1:9b v.l.; Hs 9, 15, 4; δ. Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 11:23; Col 1:7; 1 Ti 4:6 (cp. Tat. 13, 3 δ. τοῦ πεπονθότος θεοῦ); of officials understood collectively as a political system agent ἡ ἐξουσία the (governmental) authorities as θεοῦ δ. Ro 13:4, here understood as a fem. noun (Heraclit. Sto. 28 p. 43, 15; of abstractions Epict. 2, 23, 8; 3, 7, 28). W. specific ref. to an aspect of the divine message: of apostles and other prominent Christians charged with its transmission (δ. τῆς διδασκαλίας Orig., C. Cels. 1, 62, 30) Col 1:23; Eph 3:7; δ. καινῆς διαθήκης 2 Cor 3:6; δ. δικαιοσύνης (opp. δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ) 2 Cor 11:15. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ God’s agent in the interest of the gospel 1 Th 3:2 v.l. (for συνεργός); cp. δ. χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ (if Timothy provides proper instruction he will be considered an admirable transmitter of the gospel tradition) 1 Ti 4:6; δ. ἐν κυρίῳ Eph 6:21; Col 1:25 indirectly as δ. ἐκκλησίας; of Christ as God’s agent δ. περιτομῆς for the circumcision=for descendants of Abraham, Ro 15:8. Cp. Phoebe Ro 16:1 and subscr. v.l.; of Tychicus as faithful courier Col 4:7 (Pla., Rep. 370e ‘intermediary, courier’; of Hermes, s. G Elderkin, Two Curse Inscriptions: Hesperia 6, ’37. 389, table 3, ln. 8; Jos., Ant. 7, 201; 224 al.).

② one who gets someth. done, at the behest of a superior, assistant to someone (the context determines whether the term, with or without the article ὁ, οἱ is used inclusively of women or exclusively) Mt 20:26; 23:11; Mk 10:43; of all 9:35; Pol 5:2. Of table attendants (X., Mem. 1, 5, 2; Polyb. 31, 4, 5; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 26; Athen. 7, 291a; 10, 420e; Jos., Ant. 6, 52) J 2:5, 9. Of a king’s retinue Mt 22:13.—Of Jesus’ adherents gener.: those in the service of Jesus J 12:26. Satirically, ἁμαρτίας δ. agent for sin Gal 2:17 (cp. the genitival constructions in 1 above; cp. Tat. 19, 2 of divination as instrument or medium for immoderate cravings πλεονεξιῶν … δ.). One who serves as assistant in a cultic context (Hdt. 4, 71, 4 ‘aide, retainer’; Pausanias 9, 82, 2 ‘attendants’) attendant, assistant, aide (the Eng. derivatives ‘deacon’ and ‘deaconess’ are technical terms, whose mng. varies in ecclesiastical history and are therefore inadequate for rendering NT usage of δ.) as one identified for special ministerial service in a Christian community (s. Just., A I, 65, 5; 67, 5; Iren. 1, 13, 5 [Harv. I 121, 6]; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22) esp. of males (the δ. as holder of a religious office outside Christianity: IMagnMai 109 [c. 100 B.C.]; IG IV, 474, 12; 824, 6; IX, 486, 18; CIG II, 1800, 1; 3037, 4; II addenda 1793b, 18 p. 982; Thieme 17f; MAI 27, 1902, p. 333f no. 8, 22) Phil 1:1 (EBest, Bishops and Deacons, TU 102, ’68, 371–76); 1 Ti 3:8, 12; 4:6; Tit 1:9a v.l.; Phlm subscr. v.l.; 1 Cl 42:4f (Is 60:17); Hv 3, 5, 1; Hs 9, 26, 2; IEph 2:1; IMg 2; 6:1; 13:1; ITr 2:3; 3:1; 7:2; IPhld: ins; 4; 7:1; 10:1f; 11:1; ISm 8:1; 10:1; 12:2; IPol 6:1; Pol 5:3; D 15:1.—Harnack, D. Lehre d. Zwölf Apostel: TU II 1; 2, 1884, 140ff, Entstehung u. Entwicklung d. Kirchenverfassung 1910, 40ff; FHort, The Christian Ecclesia 1898, 202–8; Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 106–13=Kleine Schriften I, ’58, 148–53; HLauerer, D. ‘Diakonie’ im NT: NKZ 42, ’31, 315–26; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); RAC III, 888–99; JCollins, Diakonia ’90 (p. 254: ‘Care, concern, and love—those elements of meaning introduced into the interpretation of this word and its cognates by Wilhelm Brandt—are just not part of their field of meaning’.) Further lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος.—Since the responsibilities of Phoebe as διάκονος Ro 16:1 and subscr. v.l. seem to go beyond those of cultic attendants, male or female (for females in cultic settings: ministra, s. Pliny, Ep. 10, 96, 8; cp. CIG II 3037 διάκονος Τύχη; ἡ δ. Marcus Diaconus, Vi. Porphyr. p. 81, 6; MAI [s. above] 14, 1889, p. 210; Pel.-Leg. 11, 18; many documentary reff. in New Docs 4, 239f), the reff. in Ro are better classified 1, above (but s. DArchea, Bible Translator 39, ’88, 401–9). For the idea of woman’s service cp. Hv 2, 4, 3; hence Hs 9, 26, 2 may include women. Further lit. s.v. χήρα b.—Thieme 17f. B. 1334. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἐξετάζω fut. ἐξετάσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐξήτασα; pf. 1 pl. ἐξητάκαμεν (Ath. 23, 1). Pass.: aor. 3 sg. ἐξητάσθη (Just., A II, 2, 12); pf. ptc. ἐξητασμένος (Ath., R. 64, 6 al.) (ἐτάζω ‘examine, test’; s. also next entry; since Theognis 1, 1016; Soph., Thu. et al., also ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat., Ath.).

① try to find out by use of careful methods, which may include pers. inquiry, scrutinize, examine, inquire (Thu. et al.; Wsd 6:3; Sir 3:21; Just. A I, 7, 2 al.; Tat. 30, 2; Ath. 24, 1 al.) ἀκριβῶς ἐ. (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 3; POxy 237 VI, 31 τὸ πρᾶγμα ἀκρειβῶς ἐξητασμένον; Dt 19:18; TestJob; Philo, Somn. 1, 228; Jos., Ant. 3, 70; Just. A I, 32, 2) τὶ someth. (Dionys. Hal., Ep. ad Pomp. 1, 16 τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 26; Philo, Migr. Abr. 185; Just., D. 112, 1 τὴν δύναμιν … τῶν εἰρημένων) Hs 9, 13, 6; περί τινος make a careful search for someone Mt 2:8 (on ἐ. περί τινος cp. Pla., Leg. 3, 685a; PGen 54, 30; BGU 380, 5; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 237; Just., D. 1, 3 περὶ τοῦ θείου). W. indir. quest. foll. (cp. Thu. 7, 33, 6; Epicrates Com. [IV B.C.] 11, 17 vol. II p. 287 Kock; Aelian, VH 1, 28; Just., A I, 14, 4 al.) Mt 10:11.

② to inquire intensively, question, examine, τινά someone (Soph., Oed. Col. 211; X., Mem. 1, 2, 36; BGU 372 II 13; PGrenf I 53, 22; Just., D. 92, 2 al.)

ⓐ gener. J 21:12; Ox 654, 32 [ἐξ]ετάζουσιν=ASyn. 60, 7 (w. dir. quest. foll.; otherw. ἐρωτάω and ἐπερωτάω; s. M-EBoismard, RB 54, ’47, 491). περὶ τοιούτων πραγμάτων ἐξεταζόμενος ὁ σωτήρ when the Savior was questioned about such matters GMary 463, 12.

ⓑ As legal t.t. question judicially, esp. in connection w. torture (Polyb. 15, 27, 7; Herodian 4, 5, 3; 4; SIG 780, 11 [6 B.C.]; Dt 19:18; Esth 1:1o; Sir 23:10; Jos., Ant. 18, 183; Just., A I, 39, 3) pass. Hs 9, 28, 4; w. relative clause foll. περὶ ὧν ἔπραξε D 1:5 (cp. PGM 7, 331 περὶ ὧν σε ἐξετάζω).—DELG s.v. ἐτάζω. M-M.

    Thinking May Include Processes Other than Reason

   Reason is only one out of a thousand possibilities in the thinking of each of us. (James, 1890, p. 552)

 

альтернативные затраты
(ITIL Service Strategy)
Затраты, которые рассматриваются при выборе между различными вариантами инвестиций. Альтернативные затраты демонстрируют доход, который мог бы быть получен при использовании ресурсов другим способом. Например, Альтернативные затраты покупки нового Сервера могут не включать не реализованную деятельность по Улучшению услуги на которую могли бы быть израсходованы средства. Анализ Альтернативных затрат может использоваться для принятия решений, но эти Затраты не учитываются в финансовой отчётности о фактических затратах.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

opportunity cost
(ITIL Service Strategy)
A cost that is used in deciding between investment choices. Opportunity cost represents the revenue that would have been generated by using the resources in a different way. For example, the opportunity cost of purchasing a new server may include not carrying out a service improvement activity that the money could have been spent on. Opportunity cost analysis is used as part of a decision-making process, but opportunity cost is not treated as an actual cost in any financial statement.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

Тематики

• информационные технологии в целом

EN

• opportunity cost

 

альтернативные форматы печатных материалов по обеспечению безопасности на борту самолета
Операторы должны предлагать материалы по обеспечению безопасности на борту самолета, выдаваемые для использования пассажирами в самолете, в альтернативных форматах. К ним могут относиться электронные версии, аудиоверсии материалов и материалы, набранные шрифтом Брайля.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

alternate formats for printed on board safety material
Operators need to offer alternate formats of on-board safety materials generated for passenger use on-board the aircraft. They may include electronic versions, audio recording of materials, Braille materials.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики

• паралимпийские игры

EN

• alternate formats for printed on board safety material