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1 veîmál
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2 hólm-ganga
u, f. ‘holm-gang, holm-going,’ a duel or wager of battle fought on an islet or ‘holm,’ which with the ancients was a kind of last appeal or ordeal; and wherever a Thing (parliament) was held, a place was appointed for the wager of battle, as the holm in the Axe River in the alþingi. The hólmganga differed from the plain einvígi or duel, as being accompanied by rites and governed by rules, whilst the latter was not,—þvíat á hólmgöngu er vandhæfi en alls eigi á einvígi, Korm. 84. The ancient Icel. Sagas abound in wagers of battle, chiefly the Korm. S. ch. 10 and passim: some champions were nicknamed from the custom, e. g. Hólmgöngu-Bersi (Korm. S.), Hólmgöngu-Starri, Hólmgöngu-Máni, Hólmgöngu-Hrafn, Landn. About A. D. 1006 (see Tímatal), the hólmganga was abolished by law in the parliament, on account of the unhappy feud between Gunnlaug Snake-tongue and Skald-Hrafn, Gunnl. S. ch. 11, cp. Valla L. ch. 5 (þá vóru af tekin hólmgöngu-lög öll ok hólmgöngur), referring to about A. D. 1010; a single instance however of a challenge in the north of Icel. is recorded after this date (about the year 1030–1040), but it was not accepted (Lv. S. ch. 30); the wager in Lv. ch. 17 was previous (though only by a few years) to the fight between Gunnlaug and Rafn. It is curious that Jón Egilsson, in his Lives of Bishops (written about A. D. 1600, Bisk. Ann. ch. 36, Safn i. 64), mentions a wager of battle between the parties of the two bishops, Jón Arason and Ögmund, on the old holm in the Axe River A. D. 1529; but the whole is evidently a mere reproduction of the tale of the Horatii in Livy. Maurer thinks that the two important acts of legislation, the institution of the Fifth Court in 1004 and the abolition of the ordeal of hólmganga a few years later, are closely connected, as the institution of the new court of appeal made the decision by battle superfluous. In Norway, if we are to believe Grett. S. ch. 21 (þá tók Eirekr af allar hólmgöngur í Noregi), the hólmgöngur were abolished about the year 1012. It is very likely that the tournaments of the Norman age, fought in lists between two sets of champions, sprang from the heathen hólmganga, though this was always a single combat. For separate cases see the Sagas, Korm. S. l. c., Gunnl. S. l. c., Eg. ch. 57, 67, Nj. ch. 24, 60, Landn. 2. ch. 13, 3. ch. 7, Rd. ch. 1, 19, Gísl. init., Glúm. ch. 4, Valla L. l. c., Hallfr. S. ch. 10. A curious kind of duel in a tub is recorded in Flóam. S. ch. 17, called kerganga, perhaps akin to the mod. Swed. fight in a belt. For England see Sir Edmund Head’s interesting notes to Glúm.COMPDS: hólmgönguboð, hólmgöngulög, hólmgöngumaðr, hólmgöngustaðr, hólmgöngusverð. -
3 veðja
(að), v. to stake in a wager, with dat.;þú veðjaði Loki höfði sínu við þann dverg, then L. wagered his head with that dwarf;v. um við e-n, to lay a wager with one (búinn em ek at v. um við þik, at ek mun finna ljótara fót).* * *að, [Ulf. ga-wadion = ἁρμόζειν; A. S. weddian; Scot. wad; Germ. wetten; Dan. vædde]:—to lay a wager, bet; with dat., veðja um e-t, or absol., veðja höfði um getspeki, Vþm. 19; veðjar Loki höfði sínu við þann dverg, Edda 69; ek vil veðja um við þik, at ek mun finna …, Ó. H. 75, Fms. vi. 369; skal víst veðja hér um, Fas. i. 318; viltú veðja við oss, at …, 317; ef menn veðja, hafi at alls engu, Gþl. 522; veðit eigi optarr við úkunna menn, Fas. i. 319; þeir reiddusk ok veðjuðu, Korm. 142.II. a Norse law term, [Swed. vädja], to appeal; þá skolu þingmenn skjóta dómi þeirra veðjuðum á fylkis-þing, N. G. L. i. 88; verða þar aðrir veðjaðir (= for-veðjaðir?) ok af sínu máli, id. -
4 veðfé
n. a bet or wager; dœmdu þeir, at dvergrinn ætti veðféit, that the dwarf had won the wager. -
5 HÓLMR
(-s, -ar), m. holm, islet; falla á hólmi, to fall in a duel; skora e-m á min, to challenge one; leysa sik af hólmi, to redeem oneself after a duel.* * *prop. holmr, also hólmi, a, m. [A. S. holm; North. E. holm and houm]:—a holm, islet, esp. in a bay, creek, lake, or river; even meadows on the shore with ditches behind them are in Icel. called holms, Haustl. 18, Hkv. Hjörv. 8, Vkv. 38, Fms. vi. 217, Hkr. i. 254, Sd. 181; í vatninu er einn hólmi reyri vaxinn, Fms. i. 71; undir einn hólma, Fas. ii. 535; uppi á hólmanum, Orkn. 402.β. referring to the hólmganga (q. v.), Dropl. 36; falla á hólmi, to fall in a duel, Landn. 80; skora e-m á hólm, to challenge one, Nj. 15, passim; ganga á hólm, to fight a wager of battle; skulu vit berjask í hólma þeim er hér er í Öxará, Nj. 36; leysa sik af hólmi, to release oneself off the holm, viz. the vanquished party had to pay the ransom stipulated in the hólmgöngu-lög, Glúm. passim.II. freq. in local names, Borgundar-hólmr, Hólmr, Hólmar, Landn.; Hólm-garðr, the county of Russia bordering on the lakes Ladoga, etc.: Hólm-rygir, m. pl. a people in western Norway: pr. names of men, Hólm-kell, Hólm-fastr, Hólm-steinn; of women, Hólm-fríðr, etc., Landn.COMPDS: Hólmbúar, Hólmdælir, hólmfærr.COMPDS: hólmganga, hólmhringr, hólmlausn, hólmstaðr, hólmstefna, hólmsverð, hólmsök, hólmfjöturr, hólmleggr, hólmnegldr. -
6 tjösnu-blót
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7 veð-fé
n. a bet, wager; dæmðu þeir at dvergrinn ætti veðféit, Edda 70; eigi munt þú hljóta veðféit, Fms. vii. 203; á ek nú veðféit … ef mér bærisk veðféit, Ó. H. 75. -
8 veðjan
f. wagering, betting.* * *f. (acc. with the art. veðjunna, Edda 70), a wagering, betting; eptir þessa veðjan ok kappmæli, Fms. ii. 276, Hkr. iii. 281, Fas. i. 318, ii. 546 (veðjun); veðjanar-fé, a wager = veðfé, Fas. i. 319.2. an appeal; bjóða veðjan, N. G. L. i. 220; veðjanar dómr, a court of appeal, id. -
9 veð-leggja
lagði, to lay a wager, N. G. L. i. 347. -
10 vé-fang
n. [from vé-, a prefixed negative particle answering to Goth. waia- = ill, in waia-mêrjan, to ‘ill-praise’ = βλασφημειν, and waja-merei = blasphemy; this waia- is not to be confounded with the interjection wai = vei, but is related to vá- = woe, evil, cp. Goth. wai-dedja = an evil-doer; vé-fang therefore stands for vá-fang, prop. meaning ‘misfetching,’ miscarriage, but is only used in a specific sense as a law term]:— division or disagreement in court. In the old Icel. courts of law the whole court was composed of thirty-six members, the quorum being six; and in case of disagreement the court was held to be divided if the minority could muster at least six votes; in this case, each side delivered a separate judgment, which was called véfang and véfengja, whereby the suit was stopped or quashed, the one judgment neutralising the other; in the earliest Saga times if a case thus broke down, it could only be taken up again by an appeal to wager of battle (hólmganga), but after the introduction of the fifth court (the court of appeal), it was brought before that court. The véfang is described in an especial chapter of Þ.Þ. (Kb.), … um véföng, … skolut þeir færi til véfangs ganga en sex, … ok skolu þeir sitja allir saman er saman eru at véfangi, … bera til véfangs, … ok kveða á þat með hvárum hann mun vera at véfangi, … mæla véfangs-málum … síðan skolu þeir vinna véfangs-eiô er saman eru at vefangi … ok kveða á hvat hann berr til véfangs ok kveða á af því hann berr þat til véfangs, … þeir skolu gjalda samkvæði sitt á er at véfangi vóru með honum, … þat berum vér til véfangs ok þann dóm dæmum vér, at …, Grág. l. c.; þær sakir skulu koma í fimtar-dóm, ljúgkviðir …, enda véföng þau er hér verða, Kb. i. 78; hér skolu ok í koma véfangs-mál öll þau er menn véfengja í fjórðungs-dómi, ok skal þeim stefna til fimtar-dóms, Nj. 150. A véfang in passing laws in the Lögrétta is mentioned, ef þeir eru jam-margir Lögréttu-menn hvárir-tveggju er sitt kalla lög hvárir vera … ok skolu hvárir-tveggju vinna véfangs-eið at sínu máli, Kb. i. 214; cp. Konrad Maurer in his Beiträge. -
11 hólmganga
f. ‘holm-going’, a duel or wager of battle fought on an islet (hólmr).
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