-
1 ættingi
-
2 blaîsöluturn
kinsman, kinswoman etc see kin.kiosk -
3 KONR
(pl. -ir), m. poet.1) son, descendant, kinsman;2) man.* * *m., pl. konir, acc. pl. koni, the gen. is not recorded; this word is solely poetical, and used by poets of the 10th and 11th centuries, but since disused; it is the masc. answering to kona (q. v.):— a man of gentle or noble birth; hve þik kalla konir? how do men call thee? Hkv. Hjörv. 14; koni (acc.) óneisa, the gentle men, Hkv. 1. 23; dulsa konr, Ýt. 2; of mæran kon, of a valiant man, Edda (in a verse); átt-konr, q. v.2. a royal kinsman; konungmanna konr, kinsman of kings, Ísl. ii. 229 (in a verse); hildinga konr, siklinga konr, kinsman of heroes, Lex. Poët.; Yngva konr, kinsman of Yngvi, Skv. 2. 14; rögna konr = Gr. διογενής, Vellekla; bragna konr, Ó. H. (in a verse); Ellu konr, kinsman of Ella, Fms. vi. 64 (in a verse); haukstalla konr, Edda (in a verse); sælinga konr, kinsman of the wealthy, Fms. xi. (in a verse); Heita konr, kinsman of the sea king H., Arnórr, cp. Orkn. ch. 3; konr Sigmundar, son of S., Skv. 2. 13.II. as a pr. name, Rm. -
4 FRÆNDI
* * *(pl. frændr), m. kinsman (also used of a brother and a son); yðrir fyrri frændr, your ancestors.* * *an irreg. part. of the obsolete frjá, pl. frændr. gen. frænda, dat. frændum, [Ulf. renders φίλος by frijonds; A. S. freond; Engl. friend; Hel. friund; O. H. G. friunt; Germ. freund; all of them meaning friend = Lat. amicus; whereas in the Scandin. languages, Icel. as well as mod. Swed. and Dan., it is only used in a metaph. sense; Dan. frænde; Swed. frände]:—a kinsman; not a single instance is on record of the word having ever been used in another sense, unless an exception be allowed in the allit. phrase, sem frændr en eigi sem fjándr, in the old Griðamál, Grág. (Kb.) i. 170:—the same usage prevails in the oldest poems, e. g. Hm.,—deyr fé, deyja frændr, 75; sumr er af senum sæll sumr af frændum, 68; and Dags frændr, the kinsmen ( great grandsons) of Dag, Ýt. 10. This change in the sense of the word is very curious and characteristic of the Scandinavians, with whom the bonds of kinship and brotherhood were strong, and each family formed a kind of confederacy or fellowship equally bound in rights and in duties; cp. such phrases as, frænd-bálkr, frænd-garðr: frændr often denotes kinsmen in a narrower sense = brethren; yet sons and frændr are distinguished in Hm. 68; but generally frændr is a collective word, Nj. 4; of a brother, Fs. 57; frændi, my son, Nj. 143, cp. Fms. vii. 22, 315, the laws and Sagas passim; ná-frændi, a near kinsman.COMPDS: frændaafli, frændabálkr, frændagengi, frændagipta, frændalát, frændalið, frændaráð, frændaróg, frændaskömm, frændastyrkr, frændatjón. -
5 NIÐR
I)(-s, pl. niðjar, acc. niði, gen. niðja), m. son, kinsman, relative.adv.2) of direction without motion, down, downward (n. ok norðr liggr helvegr).* * *1.m. some of the cases of which are taken from niðr (gen. niðs), some from a supposed niði (gen. niðja); from the former are nom. niðr, acc. nið, gen. niðs; from the latter, the plur. niðjar, niðja, niðjum; an acc. sing. niðja also occurs, Ó. H. (in a verse), as also gen. sing. niðja, Bragi; cp. also langniðjar: [Ulf. niþjis = συγγενής]:—a son, and hence of any kinsman, a descendant; nema reisi niðr at nið, man after man, Hm. 71; Börs niðr, the son of B. = Odin, Eg. (in a verse); Fjölnis niðr, Yggs niðr, the son of F., of Ygg, Ýt. 6, Fagrsk. (in a verse); Ása niðr, the scion of the A., Ht.; sjávarniðr, the sea’s kinsman = fire, Ýt. 4.II. in the law it seems to mean distant relatives (cp. Grág. i. 171 and 237), which is confirmed by the use of the word in the early Swed. niþ, and in niþararf, which, according to Schlyter, means devolution to distant relatives; niðr would therefore answer to mod. Icel. útarfar, as opp. to frændr: it occurs chiefiy in the allit. phrase, inn nánasti niðr, the nearest nið, Grág. i. 171, 175; til ens nánasta niðs, 237; nú lifir ekki þeirra manna, þá skal taka inn nánasti niðr frjáls-borinna manna ok arfgengr, 171; þá eigu þau í föður-ætt at hverfa þar til þau eru sextán vetra, en síðan til ens nánasta niðs, 237; tvá nánustu niði, N. G. L. i. 56; cp. næsti na-nithi in early Dan. law; biðja griða nás nið eðr nefa, Grág. ii. 20.2.adv. [A. S. nider; Scot. neth; Germ. nieder; Dan. neder; but not in Goth., for Ulf. renders κάτω by dalaþ]:—down; lúta niðr, to ‘lout low,’ bow down, Fms. i. 159; falla niðr, to fall down, Nj. 9; falla dauðr niðr, Fms. xi. 145; setjask niðr, to sit down, Nj. 3; færa korn niðr, to sow corn, 169; setja niðr lík, to bury, H. E. i. 491, Fms. iv. 110, x. 406; leggja niðr, to lay down; drepa niðr, to cut down, slaughter, vii. 243; færa niðr, to put doiun, Ld. 168; svelgja niðr, to swallow down, Pr. 475; renna niðr, id.2. of direction without motion; hamrar eru upp ok niðr frá hellinum, niðr frá Mælifelli, Landn. 71, Fbr. 91 new Ed.; hann hefir upp líking manns, en niðr dýr, Best. 47:—with motion, niðr á jörð, Stj. 218; fara niðr á Egiptaland, down to Egypt (from Palestine), Stj. 162, 215.II. metaph., koma niðr boði, to celebrate a wedding, Sturl. iii. 277: to hit, lóga eigi beltinu nema þú komir vel niðr, Fms. xi. 272; koma niðr í góðan stað, to fall into good hands; koma hart niðr, to smart, be hardly treated, metaphor from a severe fall, Nj. 165; drepa niðr, to put down, quash, 21, 33, Boll. 346, N. G. L. i. 73; slá niðr, to fling down, Fms. xi. 72.B. niðri, denoting in a place, vera niðri, liggja niðri, etc., passim, see the remarks to frammi (p. 169, col. 2), to which the use of niðri is perfectly analogous:—down; uppi ok niðri ok þar í miðju, Lil. 1; skoðuðu hann uppi ok niðri, all over, high and low, Skíða R. 196; niðri við sjó, Gísl. 72; vera niðri í kili, Fbr. 81 new Ed.2. metaph. underneath, Stj. 393: beneath, underneath, secretly, styrktu hann undir niðri til slíkra údáða, Mar.; hann elskaði aðra konu undir niðri, id., passim. -
6 áttungr
I)m.1) the eighth part (áttungr manna);2) division of the country (in some parts of Norway).* * *m.I. [atta], the eighth part of a whole, either as to measure or number; cp. fjórðungr, þriðjungr, etc., Rb. 488; á. manna, N. G. L. i. 5: as a Norse law term, a division of the country with regard to the levy in ships, Gþl. 91, N. G. L. i. 135. -
7 frænd-semi
(-symi, Stj. passim, Nj. 42, 213), f. kinship, brotherhood, Fms. xi. 7, Ld. 158, Grág. ii. 72, N. G. L. i. 187, the laws and Sagas passim; ganga við f. e-s, to acknowledge one as kinsman (e. g. as a son), Fms. ix. 418:—metaph. the kindness of a kinsman, var góð f. með þeim, there was good fellowship between them, Sturl. iii. 176, Fs. 45.COMPDS: frændsemislögmál, frændsemisspell, frændsemistala. -
8 KYNNI
I) n.1) way, fashion, nature (kaupum vel saman, þat er vina kynni);2) affairs, circumstances (þau ein eru kynni heima at þín);3) kindred, kinsmen (mér þykkir sem þú munir eiga hér kynni);Glúmr var þrjár nætr at kynni sínu, with his kinsmen;leita (koma til) kynnis, sœkja kynni, fara á kynni, fara til kynnis, to make a visit;sitja at kynni, to stay on a visit.* * *n. acquaintance, intercourse; á ek þar slíkt k. við Þórólf, Eg. 148; þat er vina-kynni, friendly intercourse, Hkv. Hjörv. 3; ákka ek þess kynni, i. e. I have not deserved it, Am. 13: habit, nature, kotmanna-k., Sturl. ii. 17 (in a verse); þat er mannsins kynni, at …, Hom.; ú-kynni, Germ. unart, bad manners, Hm. 18.2. a friendly visit to a friend or kinsman; þat var engi siðr, at sitja lengr en þrjár nætr at kynni, Eg. 698; Glúmr var þar þrjár nætr at kynni sínu, en þá býsk hann heim, Glúm. 344; öðru sinni mun ek hingat kynnis leita, Sturl. i. 93; koma til kynnis, Hm. 16, 29, 32; sækja kynni, to make a visit, Ó. H. 115; fara á kynni, id., Fb. i. 532; fara til kynnis, id., Bjarn. 59; sitja at kynni, to stay on a visit, Eg. l. c.3. domestic affairs; þau ein eru kynni heima at þín, Band. 13: home, mér þykkir sem þú munir eiga hér kynni, Fb. i. 253; heim-k., home; húsa-k., buildings; sala-k., id., Vþm. 3.COMPDS: kynnisferð, kynnisgjöf, kynnisleið, kynnisleit, kynnissókn, kynnisvist. -
9 náinn
* * *(pl. nánir), a.1) near; náit er nef augum, nose is near of kin to eyes;2) náinn e-m, closely related to, a near kinsman of (þeir menn eru þér nánir at frændsemi).* * *adj., pl. nánir, compar. nánari:—near to; náit er nef augum, Nj. 21: metaph., náinn e-m, closely related, a near kinsman of, Grág. i. 293; næsta bræðra eðr nánari konu, 345; systrungum eðr nánarum mönnum, 228; þótt mér sé nánastr maðrinn, Hrafn. 10; af svá nánum frænda, Gullþ. 7, Fms. vi. 172; inn nánasti niðr, Grág. i. 171, N. G. L. i. 17; inir nánostu frændr, Bs. i. 90; nánir at frændsemi, Fms. xi. 7, Grág. (Kb.) i. 29; byggja svá náit at frændsemi, to marry one so nearly related, Hkr. i. 8. -
10 SEFI
m. poet.1) mind, affection (sorgmóðr sefi);2) kinsman.* * *or sevi, a, m. [akin to sif, sifjar, q. v.; cp. A. S. sib = peace]:—the mind, affection, poët., Edda (Gl.); fróðr sefi, Fsm. 4; ok sný ek hennar öllum seva, Hm. 162; einn er hann sér um seva, 94; þær deyfa sverð ok sefa, Sdm. 27; sorgmóðr sefi, Gkv. 2. 40; hverr er sér getr slíkan sefa, Hkm. 19; snúisk þeim til sátta sefi, Gg. 9. -
11 skyldr
a.1) bound, obliged (ef þér veitit mér þat, þá verð ek s. til at gøra yðvarn vilja);2) due (veita konungi skylda þjónustu);3) urgent, pressing (skylt erendi); mér er skylt, it’s my bounden duty (þat mun konungi skylt þykkja, at ek fara);4) related; s. at frændsemi, related by kinship; mér er maðrinn s., the man is near akin to me; skyld frændsemi, near kinship.* * *adj., compar. skyldri, skylztr, but usually skyldari, skyldastr, see below:—due bounden, obligatory, skyldr þjónustumaðr e-s, Edda 28; vera s. undir stjórn e-s, Sks. 270 B; sá er skylztr at færa lik hans til kirkiu, Grág. i. 192; þú mant þykkja skyldastr at bæta fyrir konu þína, Nj. 76, Fs. 36; vera s. til at göra e-t, Eg. 225; or, s. við at göra e-t, N. G. L. i. 352; skyldr e-s, Fms. ix. 23: of an action, due; veita konungi skylda þjónustu, 432; skylt tal, a due, proper talk, Sks. 12; ú-skylt tal, uncalled-for, out of the way talk:—pressing, urgent, skyld nauðsyn, Gþl. 266, skylt erendi, Eg. 29, Ld. 176; mitt erindi þykki mér skyldast, Fms. vi. 205: of debt, due, owing; vera e-m skyldr um e-t, to owe to another.2. neut. due, bounden, necessary; enda er eigi skylt þá ( one is not bound) at beiða á fleiri skip, Grág. i. 90; þat mun konungi skylt þykkja, at ek fara, Eg. 10; skyldra ætla ek mér at ganga til messunnar, en á hirðstefnuna, Fms. ix. 426; er þér ok skyldra, at sækja …, Nj. 182; þat er rétt en eigi skylt, ‘tis right, but not obligatory, Grág. i. 373; ef ek upp sem mér þykkir skyldast, Fms. vii. 146.II. related; skyldr frændi, a near kinsman, Eg. 98, Fms. vii. 281, x. 32; s. at frændsemi, related by kinship; þeir er Kjartani eru skyldari at frændsemi en ek, Ld. 242: absol., leaving out ‘frændsemi,’ mér er maðrinn skyldr, the man is near akin to me, Nj. 51; s. drottningunni, Sks. 463; at hann viti eigi skyldari samhéraðs, … ef sá maðr finnsk er skyldri er, Grág. i. 246; hinn skyldasti maðr, the nearest kinsman, 339; bónda þeim er skylztr er, 154, freq. in mod. usage: skyld frændsemi, near kinship, Fms. vii. 64; er þá frændsemi ef þriðja bræðra er eðr skyldara, kinship is from third cousinship upwards. Grág. i. 246; ó-skyldr, not related. -
12 al-hugligr
adj. sincere; ekki þótti mér Ólafr frændi várr a., methought our kinsman Olaf was not quite sincere, Sturl. i. 81. -
13 API
* * *m.1) ape, monkey;2) fool (margr verðr af aurum api).* * *a, m. [A. S. apa; Erse apa; Bohem. op; Germ. affe; all of them dropping the initial guttural tenuis: Sanskr. kapi], an ape. It appears in early times in the metaph. sense of a fool in the old poem Hm. and even in a proverb; so also in the poems Fm. 11 and Gm. 34, vide Lex. Poët. A giant is in Edda (Gl.) called api, no doubt because of the stupid nature of the giants. Apavatn, a farm in Icel., probably got its name from a nickname of one of the settlers, at the end of the 9th century. In Hým. 20 a giant is called áttrunnr apa, the kinsman of apes. The passage in the Hm. verse 74 appears to be corrupt, and ought to be restored thus, margr verðr af aurum api, the fool of earthly things, cp. the passage in Sl. 34, margan hefir auðr apat, which is another version of the very same proverb. It is esp. used in the connection, ósvinns-api or ósviðra-api, a baboon, big fool, Gm. l. c., Fm. l. c.; (the passage in Hm. 123 ought perhaps to be restored to ósvinns-apa or ósvinnra-apa in a single word; the sense is no doubt the same in all these passages.) Rare in old prose in the proper sense of ape, vide however 673. 55.COMPD: apamynd. -
14 fé-lagi
a, m. [E. Engl. felaw, vide félag]1. prop. a ‘fee-layer,’ i. e. a partner, shareholder of any kind, esp. in trade, Fbr. 74 new Ed., cp. konungs-félagi, a king’s partner, for the kings of old carried on trade, Fbr., Fb. iii. l. c.; sailors who had food in common were félagar; the law provides that even a poor man, if he contributes all that he has, is a lawful félagi, Grág. ii. 72; enda á hann hvárki félaga né mötu-naut, er einn í mötu-neyti ok á engan félaga, 73, passim in the Grág.: félaga-erfð, f. a partner’s inheritance, N. G. L. i. 50.β. in the law it is also used of married people (vide félag), a partner, mate, consort; hvat segir þú mér frá Hrúti félaga þínum, Nj. 12; ef því hjóna batnar heilsa er vitfirring hafði, þá skal þat hverfa aptr til félaga síns ok hjúskapar, Grág. i. 287; ek vil skilja við félaga minn, I wish to part with my mate, a formulary in pleading before a court of divorce, 326.2. metaph. a fellow, mate, comrade; this sense of the word occurs as early as the old Hm. 51,—með hálfum hleif ok með höllu keri fékk ek mér félaga, where it however has some slight notion of partnership, with half a loaf and a half-drained cup I got me fellows; félagi is a frequent word in Icel., both ancient and modern, and used just as in English; gamansamr félagi, a merry fellow, Sks. 634; félagi minn ok frændi, my fellow and kinsman, Fms. x. 88; góðr félagi, a good fellow, Sks. 432: in addressing one, hverr ertu, f., who art thou, fellow? Fb. iii. 239: a dear fellow, þér mun ek þykkja úlíklega spyrja, f., Ld. 268; hversu hefir í dag at farit, f., Vápn. 4.β. in a pun, Fms. xi. 150.3. mod. a fellow, member of a society. -
15 frænd-bætr
f. pl. fines, weregild for a kinsman, N. G. L. i. 75. -
16 frænd-leif
f. one’s kinsman’s widow, N. G. L. i. 304, 350, a Norse law term; the eccl. law forbade a man to marry a ‘frændkona’ within the fifth degree, or a ‘frændleif’ whose late husband was within the same degree. -
17 frænd-skarð
n. the ‘scar,’ i. e. loss, of a kinsman, Sturl. iii. 240. -
18 frænd-víg
n. slaughter of a kinsman, parricide, etc., Ó. H. 184. -
19 föður-frændi
a, m. a kinsman on the father’s side, Gþl. 261, Ld. 24. -
20 GRIMMR
a.2) wroth; svá var hón grimm orðin Brjáni konungri, at, she hated him so much, that.* * *adj. [A. S., Engl., and Hel. grim; Dan. grim = ugly; in old Icel. writers this word implies the notion of ferocity, sternness, wrath, but not of wanton cruelty, and seldom of ugliness as in Engl., Dan., etc.]:—grim, stern, horrible, dire, sore; grimmt er fall frænda at telja, ‘tis grim to tell of a kinsman’s death, Stor. 10; grimt várumk hlið, a sore gap it was to me, 6; gráta grimmum tárum, to weep grim, bitter tears, Hkv. 2. 43; fimm grimmar nætr five grim, miserable nights, Korm. 184 (in a verse); grimm orð, lamentation, Gh. 1; hugðak mér grimt í svefni, I had a fearful dream, Bkv. 16.2. stern, savage, Lat. ferox; hón var allra kvenna grimmust ok skaphörðust, Nj. 147; ákafa-maðr mikill í skapi, grimmr, úþýðr ok fátálr, Fms. i. 19; glaðmælt, undirhyggju-maðr mikill, ok hin grimmasta, 20; fyllask ens grimmasta hugar, to be filled with rage, 623. 25; g. híðbjörn, a grim bear, Grett. 100.3. with dat. wroth; svá var hón orðin grimm Brjáni konungi, at …, she hated him so much, that …, Nj. 269; hence in poët. phrases, baugum, vellum grimmr, fé-grimmr, hodd-g., hating, wasting gold, munificent, Lex. Poët.: neut., með grimmü, grimly, Fms. ii. 9; gjalda e-t grimmu, to take grim revenge, 223.II. metaph.,1. with the notion of ugly, hideous; ljótt andlit ok grimmt ok andstygt mannligu kyni, Sks. 539, (rare.)2. piercing, of cold; svá sem kalt stóð af Niflheimi ok allir hlutir grimmir, Edda 4.
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