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1 maqua
noun "a hand-full; complete hand with all five fingers; a closing of closed hand facing down for taking; group of five similar things"; in colloquial usage also "hand" as a limb VT47:7, 18-20; dual maquat "group of ten" VT47:7, 10. Compounded maquanotië = "decimal system" in counting VT47:10, Lungumaqua "Heavyhand" VT47:19 -
2 cambë
noun "k" "hollow of hand" KAB. In the deleted first version of the entry KAB, this word was glossed "closed hand" VT45:18. Cambeya k colloquial Quenya for his hand the formally correct form being *camberya VT49:17 -
3 palta
1 noun "the flat of the hand, the hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed" with fingers and thumb closed or spread VT47:8, 9 -
4 má
noun "hand" MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion, VT39:10, VT45:30, VT47:6, 18, 19; the dual "a pair of hands" is attested both by itself as mát VT47:6 and with a pronominal suffix as máryat "his/her pair of hands" see -rya, -t Nam, RGEO:67. The nominative plural form was only máli, not **már VT47:6, though plurals in -r may occur in some of the cases, as indicated by the pl. allative mannar "into hands" FS. Mánta their hand, dual mántat their hands two hands each PE17:161. Cf. also the compounds mátengwië "language of the hands" VT47:9 and Lungumá "Heavyhand" VT47:19; also compare the adj. -maitë "-handed". See also málimë. -
5 camba
noun "the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding" VT47:7 -
6 quárë
also quár noun "fist" SA:celeb, KWAR; in the Etymologies, Tolkien first wrote quár pl. quari, and quár is also found in PM:318 and VT47:8, in the latter case changed from quárë, VT47:22. As usual, the spelling of the Etym forms shows q instead of qu. According to PM:318 and VT47:8, the "chief use of this word was in reference to the tightly closed hand as in using an implement or a craft-tool rather than to the 'fist' as used in punching". -
7 coiva
"k"adj. "awake" LT1:257 - read *cuiva in LotR-style Quenya? Cf. coivië becoming cuivië. On the other hand, the elements cui- and coi- having to do with life and awakening cannot be wholly separated. -
8 auta-
1 vb. "go away, leave" leave the point of the speaker's thought; old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away to another place" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" WJ:366 2 vb. "invent, originate, devise" GAWA/GOWO This could be obsoleted by \# 1 above; on the other hand, the verbs would be quite distinct in the past tense, where auta- \#2 would likely have the straightforward form *autanë. -
9 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
10 ná
1 vb. "is" am. Nam, RGEO:67. This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns in statements or wishes asserting or desiring a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another VT49:28. Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná it is cold VT49:23. The copula may however be omitted where the meaning is clear without it VT49:9. Ná is also used as an interjection yes or it is so VT49:28. Short na in airë na, " is holy" VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of. Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34, also na airë "be holy" VT43:14; also cf. nai be it that see nai \#1. The imperative participle á may be prefixed á na, PE17:58. However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár are" PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30; dual nát VT49:30. With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë I am, nalyë or natyë you sg. are polite and familiar, respectively, nás it is, násë she is, nalmë we are VT49:27, 30. Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë 1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively; does a followingna represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar changed from nár are elsewhere said to be aorist, without the extra vowel i e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë; also notice that *she is is here nassë rather than násë VT49:30.Pa.t. nánë or né was, pl. náner/nér and dual nét were VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36. According to VT49:31, né was cannot receive pronominal endings though nésë he was is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29, and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen I was, anel you were, anes she/it was VT49:28-29. Future tense nauva "will be" VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30. Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan I will be there VT49:19, this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië has been VT49:27, first written as anáyë. Infinitive or gerund návë being, PE17:68. See also nai \#1. 2, also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná "is", *nán "I am". -
11 Martan
2, also Martano, noun "Earth-smith", "Earthbuilder", a surname of Aule TAN, GAWA/GOWO the form Martanō given under MBAR must be understood as a primitive form. LT1:266 refers to a very late note where a variant Quenya form Martamo is derived from ¤mbartanōworld-artificer; the stated primitive form as well as the Sindarin cognate Barthan would suggest that the Quenya form should be Martano; on the other hand, tamo q.v. does occur as a variant of tano smith. -
12 nettë
stem *netti-, given the primitive form listed in VT47:17 noun "girl, daughter" but also "sister", see below, also used as a play-name of the "fourth finger" or "fourth toe" VT47:10, VT48:6, in two-hand play also used for the numeral "nine" nettë is conceived as being related to nertë, q.v. Nettë is also defined as "sister" or "girl approaching the adult" VT47:16, VT49:25, "girl/daughter" VT47:15-16; it may be that "sister" was Tolkien's final decision on the meaning VT48:4, 22 - The related word nésa seems like a less ambiguous translation of "sister". -
13 Avathar
place-name denoting the land between the southern Pelóri and the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt; said to be "not Elvish" in WJ:404 and must be thought of as an adaptation from Valarin; on the other hand, MR:284 states that it is "ancient Quenya" and offers the interpretation "The Shadows". Whatever the case, it must have become *Avasar in Exilic Quenya. -
14 forma
noun "right hand" VT47:6. Compare formaitë, forya. -
15 lanca
"k" noun "sharp edge not of tools; sudden end" "as e.g. a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally 'on the brink of life', of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death" VT42:8 -
16 palta-
2 vb. "feel with the hand, stroke" etc. basic meaning: "pass the sensitive palm palta over a surface" VT47:9 -
17 quat-
vb. "fill" WJ:392, future \#quantuva "shall fill" enquantuva "shall refill" Nam, RGEO:67 Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva VT48:11 displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquaun/utuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward. -
18 Ercambo
"k" masc. name "one-hand Man" VT47:7, the equivalent of Sindarin Erchamon, Erchamion as a title of Beren -
19 -ya
3 suffix of endearment, attested in Anardilya as an intimate form of the name Anardil UT:174, 418, possibly also occurring in atya "dad", emya "mum" q.v. The forms ataryo "daddy" and amilyë "mummy" q.v. may contain gender-specific variants -yo masc. and -yë fem. 4 pronominal suffix his and probably also her, its, said to be used in colloquial Quenya which had redefined the correct ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean their because it was associated with the plural ending -r. Hence e.g. cambeya k his hand, yulmaya his cup VT49:17 instead of formally correct forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤-jā being used for all numbers in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya remained in Quenya in the case of old nouns with consonantal stems, Tolkien listing tál foot, cas head, nér man, sír river and macil sword as examples. He refers to the continued existence of such forms as talya his foot, that could apparently be used even in correct Quenya VT49:17. In PE17:130, the forms talya his foot and macilya k his or their sword are mentioned. 5 adjectival ending, as in the word Quenya Elvish itself; when added to a verbal stem it may derive a kind of short active participle, as in melumatya honey-eating mat- eat, saucarya evil-doing car- do. PE17:68 -
20 es
unidentified word in the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290; possibly an assimilated form of en, that may function as a kind of deitic particle here: *"Behold the Eagles..."
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hand — [hand] n. [ME < OE, akin to Goth handus < base of hinthan, to seize (hence, basic sense “grasper”) < ? IE base * kent , ? to seize] I 1. the part of the human body attached to the end of the forearm, including the wrist, palm, fingers,… … English World dictionary
hand — ► NOUN 1) the end part of the arm beyond the wrist. 2) (before another noun ) operated by or held in the hand. 3) (before another noun or in combination ) done or made manually. 4) a pointer on a clock or watch indicating the passing of units of… … English terms dictionary
Hand — Hand: Die gemeingerm. Körperteilbezeichnung mhd., ahd. hant, got. handus, engl. hand, schwed. hand gehört wahrscheinlich als ablautende Substantivbildung zu der Sippe von got. hinÞan »fangen, greifen« und bedeutet demnach eigentlich »Greiferin,… … Das Herkunftswörterbuch
Hand — (h[a^]nd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Handed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Handing}.] 1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter. [1913 Webster] 2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hand — Sf std. (8. Jh.), mhd. hant, ahd. hant, as. hand Stammwort. Aus g. * handu f. Hand , auch in gt. handus, anord. ho̧nd, ae. hond, afr. hand, hond. Herkunft umstritten. Denkbar ist ein Anschluß an g. * henþ a Vst. fangen, ergreifen in gt.… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Hand — /hand/, n. Learned /lerr nid/, 1872 1961, U.S. jurist. * * * End part of the arm, consisting of the wrist joint, palm, thumb, and fingers. The hand has great mobility and flexibility to carry out precise movements. Bipedal locomotion in humans… … Universalium
Hand — (Schönheitspflege). Es ist längst anerkannt, daß zarte Hände und Arme zu den vorzüglichsten Erfordernissen weiblicher Schönheit gehören, und glücklicher Weise sind die Mittel, sie zu erlangen, die unschuldigsten unter allen Toilettenkünsten. Wem… … Damen Conversations Lexikon
