कश्यपोत्तरसंहिता

द्वन्द्वम् [द्वौ द्वौ सहाभिव्यक्तौ; cf. P.VIII.1.15. Sk.]

1 pair, couple.

-2 A couple of animals (including even men) of different sexes, i. e. male and female; द्वन्द्वानि भावं क्रियया बिवव्रुः Ku.3.35; Me.45; न चेदिदं द्वन्द्वम- योजयिष्यत् Ku.7.66; R.1.4; Ś.2.15;7.27; अल्पं तुल्य- शीलानि द्वन्द्वानि सृज्यन्ते Pratimā 1.

-3 A couple of opposite conditions or qualities, (such as सुख and दुःख; शीत and उष्ण); बलवती हि द्वन्द्वानां प्रवृत्तिः K.135; द्वन्द्वैरयोजयच्चेमाः सुख- दुःखादिभिः प्रजाः Ms. 1.26;6.81; सर्वर्तुनिर्वृतिकरे निवसन्नुपैति न द्वन्द्वदुःखमिह किंचिदकिंचनो$पि Śi.4.64.

-4 A strife, contention, quarrel, dispute, fight.

-5 A duel; Rām.6. 43.15.

-6 Doubt, uncertainty.

-7 A fortress, stronghold.

-8 A secret.

-9 A secret, or lonely place; द्वन्द्वे ह्येतत् प्रवक्तव्यं हितं वै यद्यवेक्षसे Rām.7.13.11.

-न्द्वः 1 (In gram.) One of the four principal kinds of compounds, in which two or more words are joined together which, if not compounded, would stand in the same case and be connected by the copulative conjunction `and'; चार्थे द्वन्द्वः P.II.2.29; द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च Bg.1.33; उभय- पदप्रधानो द्वन्द्वः Kāśikā 38.

-2 A kind of disease.

3 (in music) A kind of measure.

-4 The sign Gemini of the zodiac.

-Comp. -आलापः a dialogue between two persons.

-गर्भ a. (A बहुव्रीहि compound) having a द्वन्द्व compound within it. e. g. बृहद्रथन्तरे सामनी यस्य इति बृहद्रथन्तरसामा, where बृहद्रथन्तरे is a द्वन्द्व compound; ŚB. on MS.1.6.4. (opp. अनेकपदबहुव्रीहि).

-चर, -चारिन् a. living in cou- ples. (-m.) the ruddy goose; दयिता द्वन्द्वचरं पतत्त्रिणम् R.8.56;16.63.

-ज, -दोषोत्थ a.

1 produced from mor- bid affection of two humours.

-2 arising from a quar- rel.

-3 arising from a couple.

-दुःखम् pain arising from opposite alternations (as heat and cold &c.); सर्वर्तु- निर्वृतिकरे निवसन्नुपैति न द्वन्द्वदुःखमिह किंचिदकिंचनो$पि Śi.4.64.

-भावः antagonism, discord.

-भिन्नम् separation of the sexes.

-भूत a.

1 forming a couple.

-2 doubtful, un- certain.

-मोहः trouble caused by doubt.

-युद्धम् a duel, a single combat.

नदी A river, any flowing stream; रविपीतजला तपात्यये पुनरोघेन हि युज्यते नदी Ku.4.44; यथा नद्यः स्यन्दमानाः समुद्रे$ स्तं गच्छन्ति नामरूपे विहाय Muṇḍa.

-Comp. -ईनः, -ईशः, -कान्तः 1 the ocean; नदीनः पर्यन्ते परमपदवीनः प्रभवति Karpūrastava.

-2 An epithet of Varuṇa; L. D. B.

-कान्ता 1 the rose-apple.

-2 a shrub.

-कूलम्, -तीरम् the bank of a river.

-कूलप्रियः a kind of reed.

-ज a. aquatic.

(-जः) 1 an epithet of Bhīṣma.

-2 antimony. (

-जम्) a lotus.

-तर a. crossing a river.

-तरस्थानम् a landing-place, ferry.

-दोहः freight, river-toll, fare.

-धरः an epithet of Śiva.

-पङ्कः the marshy bank of a river.

-पतिः 1 the ocean.

-2 an epithet of Varuṇa.

-पूरः a river which has overflown its banks.

-भवम् river-salt.

-मातृक a. watered by rivers, irrigated, supplied with the water of rivers, canals &c. (as a country &c.); संग्रामभूमीषु भवत्यरीणामस्रैर्नदीमातृकतां गतासु N.3.38; cf. देवमातृक; देशो नद्यम्बुवृष्ट्यम्बुसंपन्नव्रीहिपालितः । स्यान्नदीमातृको देवमातृकश्च यथाक्रमम् ॥ Ak.

-मार्गः the course of a river.

-मुखम् 1 the mouth of a river; नदीमुखेनैव समुद्रमाविशत्; वृद्धौ नदीमुखेनैव प्रस्थानं लवणाम्भसः R.

-2 a kind of grain.

-रयः the current of a river.

-वङ्कः the bend or arm of a river.

-ष्णः (-स्नः) 1 bathing in rivers; ततो नदीष्णान् पथिकान् गिरिज्ञान् Bk.2.43.

-2 knowing the dangerous spots in rivers, their depth, course &c.; ततः समाज्ञापयदाशु सर्वानानायिनस्तद्विचये नदीष्णान् R.16.75; (hence)

-3 experienced, clever.

-सर्जः the Arjuna tree.

नौ f.

1 A ship, boat, vessel; महता पुण्यपण्येन क्रीतेयं कायनौस्त्वया Śānti.3.1.

-2 N. of a constellation.

-3 Time; नौः काले तरणावपि Nm.

-Comp. -आरोहः (नावारोहः) 1 a passenger on board a ship.

-2 a sailor.

-कर्णधारः a helmsman, pilot.

-कर्मन् n. the occupation of a sailor; निषादो मार्गवं सूते दासं नौकर्मजीविनम् Ms.1.34.

-क्रमः a bridge of boats.

-चरः, -उपजीवकः, -जीविकः a sailor, boatman; यादोनाथः शिवजलपथः कर्मणे नौचराणाम् R.17.81.

-तार्य a. navigable, to be traversed in a ship.

-दण्डः an oar.

-यानम् navigation.

-यायिन् a. going in a boat, a passenger; एष नौयायिनामुक्तो व्यवहारस्य निर्णयः Ms.8.49.

-वाहः a steersman, pilot, captain.

-व्यसनम् shipwreck, naufrage; नौव्यसने विपन्नः Ś.6.

-साधनम् fleet, navy; वङ्गानुत्खाय तरसा नेता नौसाधनोद्यतान् R.4.36.

परम a. [परं परत्वं माति-क Tv.]

1 Most distant, last.

-2 Highest, best, most excellent, greatest; प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम् Ms.4.14;7.1;2.13.

-3 Chief, principal, primary, supreme; सर्वथा ब्राह्मणाः पूज्याः परमं दैवतं हि तत् Ms.9.319.

-4 Exceeding, extreme.

-5 Adequate, sufficient; परमं यत्नमातिष्ठेत् स्तेनानां निग्रहे नृपः Ms.8.32.

-6 Worst.

-7 Higher than, superior to; न मन्ये वाणि- ज्यात् किमपि परमं वर्तनमिह Pt.1.11.

-मम् The utmost or highest; the chief or prominent part; (at the end of comp.) consisting principally of, solely occupied with; कामोपभोगपरमा एतावदिति निश्चिताः Bg.16.11; Ms.6.96.

-मम् ind.

1 A particle of assent, acceptance or agree- ment (well, very well, yes, be it so); ततः परममित्युक्त्वा प्रतस्थे मुनिमण्डलम् Ku.6.35.

-2 Exceedingly, very much; परमक्रुद्धः &c.

-Comp. -अक्षरम् the sacred syllable 'om' or Brahmā.

-अङ्गना an excellent woman.

-अणुः an infinitesimal particle, an atom; सिकतात्वादपि परां प्रपेदे पर- माणुताम् R.15.22; परगुणपरमाणून् पर्वतीकृत्य नित्यम् Bh.2.78; पृथ्वी नित्या परमाणुरूपा T. S; (a परमाणु is thus defined:-- जालान्तरस्थसूर्यांशौ यत् सूक्ष्मं दृश्यते रजः । भागस्तस्य च षष्ठो यः परमाणुः स उच्यते ॥ Tarka K., or less accurately:-- जाला- न्तरगते रश्मौ यत् सूक्ष्मं दृश्यते रजः । तस्य त्रिंशत्तमो भागः परमाणुः स उच्यते ॥) ˚अङ्गकः an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-अद्वैतम् 1 the Supreme Spirit.

-2 pure unitarianism.

-अन्नम् rice boiled in milk with sugar.

-अपमः the inclination of a planet's orbit to the ecliptic.

-अर्थः 1 the highest or most sublime truth, true spiritual knowledge, knowledge about Brahman or the Supreme Spirit; इदं हि तत्त्वं परमार्थभाजाम् Mv.7.2.

-2 truth, reality, earnestness; परिहासविजल्पितं सखे परमार्थेन न गृह्यतां वचः Ś.2.19; oft in comp. in the sense of 'true' or 'real'. ˚मत्स्याः R.7.4. Mv.4.3.

-3 any excellent or important object.

-4 the best sense.

-5 the best kind of wealth. ˚दरिद्र really poor; Mk. ˚भाज a. partaking of the highest truth; Mv. ˚विद् a philosopher.

-अर्थतः ind. truly, really, exactly, accurately; विकारं खलु परमार्थतो$ज्ञात्वा$नारम्भः प्रतीकारस्य Ś.4; उवाच चैनं परमार्थतो हरं न वेत्सि नूनं यत एवमात्थ माम् Ku.5.75; Pt.1.136.

-अहः an excellent day.

-आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit or Brahman; न च योगविधेर्नवेतरः स्थिरधीरा परमात्मदर्शनात् R.8.22; स्वर्गापवर्गयो- र्मार्गमामनन्ति मनीषिणः । यदुपास्तिमसावत्र परमात्मा निरूप्यते ॥ Kusum.

-आनन्दः 'supreme felicity', Supreme Spirit.

-आपद् f. the greatest calamity or misfortune.

-आयु- धम् the wheel (चक्र); शूलैः प्रमथिताः केचित् केचित्तु परमायुधैः Rām.6.58.12.

-आर्यः a Bodhisattva (q. v.).

-इष्वासः an excellent archer.

-ईशः an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-ईश्वरः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-2 of Indra.

-3 of Śiva.

-4 the Almighty god, the Supreme Being.

-5 N. of Brahman.

-6 a universal monarch, sovereign of the world; see चक्रवर्तिन्.

-ऋषिः a great sage.

-ऐश्वर्यम् supremacy.

-काण़्डः, -ण्डम् a very auspicious moment.

-क्रान्तिः f. the sine of the greatest declination.

-गतिः f.

1 any chief object or refuge (as a god).

-2 final beatitude, emancipation.

-गवः an excellent bull or cow.

- गहन a. very myserious, profound.

-तत्त्वम् the highest truth.

-धर्मात्मन् a. very dutiful, virtuous.

-पदम् 1 the best position, highest rank.

-2 final beatitude; विष्णोः पदे परमे मध्व उत्सः Rv.1.154.5.

- परम a. most excellent of all.

-पुंस् the Supreme Spirit; N. of Viṣṇu.

-पुरुषः, -पूरुषः the Supreme Spirit.

-प्रख्य a. celebrated, renowned.

-ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit.

-मुद्रा f. One of the poses of goddess त्रिपुरा.

-रसः butter-milk mixed with water.

-राजः a supreme monarch.

-समुदय a. very auspicious or successful; परमसमुदयेनाश्वमेधेन चेष्ट्वा Mk.1.4.

-सम्मत a. highly esteemed; much revered.

-हंसः an ascetic of the highest order, one who has controlled and subdued all his senses by abstract meditation; cf. कुटीचक; कुटीचको बहूदकः हंसश्चैव तृतीयकः । चतुर्थः परमो हंसो यो यः पश्चात् स उत्तमः ॥ Hārītāsmṛiti. ˚परिव्राजकाचार्यः N. of Śaṅkarāchārya.

पुण्डरीकम् 1 A lotus-flower, especially a white lotus; Nelumbium Speciosum; हृत्पुण्डरीकान्तरसंनिविष्टं स्वतेजसा व्याप्तनभो$वकाशम् Śivakavacha; U.6.12,29; Māl.9.14.

-2 A white parasol.

-3 A medicine, drug.

-कः 1 The white colour.

-2 N. of the elephant presiding over the south-east direction; तेन द्विपानामिव पुण्डरीको राज्ञामजय्यो$जनि पुण्डरीकः R.18.8.

-3 A tiger.

-4 A kind of serpent.

-5 A species of rice.

-6 A kind of leprosy.

-7 A fever in an elephant.

-8 A kind of mango tree.

-9 A pitcher, water-pot.

-1 Fire.

-11 A (sectarial) mark on the fore-head.

-12 A kind of sacrifice; पुण्डरीकसहस्रेण वाजपेयशतैस्तथा Mb.7.63.2.

-13 N. of an ancient and renowned devotee of the god Viṭhobā.

-Comp. -अक्षः an epithet of Viṣṇu; यं पुण्डरीकाक्षमिव श्रिता श्रीः R.18.8.

-प्लवः a kind of bird.

-मुखी a kind of leech.

पुरीषम् [पॄ-ईषन् किच्च Uṇ.4.27]

1 Feces, excrement, ordure; तस्याः पुरीषे तन्मांसं पितरस्तस्य शेरते Ms.3.25;4. 56;5;123;6,76.

-2 Rubbish, dirt.

-ष्यम् excre- mental dirt; द्रवत्पुरीष्याः पुलिनैः समन्ततः Bhāg.1.18.6.

-3 Ved. Water.

-Comp. -आधानम् the rectum.

-उत्सर्गः voiding excrement.

-निग्रहणम् obstruction of the bowels.

-भेदः diarrhœa.

प्रत्यञ्च् प्रत्यच् a. (

-प्रतीची f. or according to Vopadeva प्रत्यञ्ची also)

1 Turned or directed towards; turned inward; मनः प्रत्यक् चित्ते सविधमवधायात्तमरुतः Śiva- mahimna 25.

-2 Being behind.

-3 Following, subse- quent; समेत्य तरसा प्रत्यग्द्वाभ्यां तद्भ्यां बलं बली । निहत्य Bhāg. 1.15.3.

-4 Averted, turned away, turning back; Pt.3.181.

-5 Western, westerly.

-6 Inner, interior.

-7 Equal to, a match for. -m.

1 The individual soul.

-2 Future time.

-Comp. -अक्षम् (प्रत्यगक्षम्) an inner organ.

-आत्मन् m. (

प्रत्यगात्मन्) the individual soul; कश्चिद्धीरः प्रत्यगात्मानमैक्षदावृत्तचक्षुरमृतत्वमिच्छन् Kaṭh.2.1.1.

-आनन्द a. inwardly joyful.

-आशापतिः (प्रत्यगाशापतिः) 'The lord of the western direction', an epithet of Varuṇa.

-उदच् f. (

प्रत्यगुदच्) the north-west.

-चेतन a.

1 whose thoughts are turned upon himself.

-2 intelligent.

(-नः) 1 the supreme soul; the Puruṣa in the Sāṅkhya philosophy.

-2 the soul.

-दक्षिणतः (प्रत्यग्दक्षिणतः) ind. towards the south-west.

-दृश् f. (

प्रत्यग्दृश्) an inward glance, a glance directed inwards; स्वांशेन सर्वतनुभृन्मनसि प्रतीतप्रत्यग्दृशे भगवते बृहते नमस्ते Bhāg.8.3.17.

-धामन् a. internally illuminated.

-पुष्पा Achyranthes aspera (Mar. आघाडा); Mātaṅga L.11.26.

-प्रवण a. devoted to the individual soul.

-मुख a.

(प्रत्यङ्मुख) 1 facing the west; श्रियं प्रत्यङ्मुखो भुङ्क्ते Ms.2.52.

-2 having the face averted.

-रथाः (Pl.) (

प्रत्यग्रथाः) N. of the Ahichchhatra country; L. D. B.

-स्रोतस् (प्रत्यक्स्रोतस्) flowing towards the west; Malli. on Śi.4.66. (-f.) an epithet of the river Narmadā.

प्राधान्यम् 1 Pre-eminence, superiority, predomin- ance, prominence.

-2 Ascendancy, supremacy.

-3 A chief or principal cause. (प्राधान्येन, प्राधान्यात्, प्राधान्यतः 'chiefly', 'especially', 'principally'; हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः । प्राधान्यतः कुरुश्रेष्ठ नास्त्यन्तो विस्तरस्य मे ॥ Bg.1.19.)

बाहुक a.

1 Swimming with the arms.

-2 Servile, dependent.

-3 Dwarfish; ममन्थुरूरं तरसा तत्रासीद्बाहुको नरः Bhāg.4.14.43.

-कः 1 A monkey.

-2 A name assum- ed by Nala after his transformation into a dwarf by Karkoṭaka.

मुख्य a. [मुखे आदौ भवः यत्]

1 Relating to the mouth or the face; अथ ह य एवायं मुख्यः प्राणः Ch. Up.1.2.7; Ms.5.141.

-2 Chief, principal, foremost, first, pre- eminent, prominent; चन्दनस्य च मुख्यस्य पादपैरुपशोभितम् Mb.12.169.8; द्विजातिमुख्यः, वारमुख्या, योधमुख्याः &c.

-3 Foremost, recited first; मुख्येन वा नियम्येत MS.1.5.6 (where explaining मुख्य, शबर writes मुख्यत्वं नाम रथन्तरस्य प्रथमाधीतत्वम्).

-ख्यः A leader, guide.

-ख्यम् 1 A princi- pal rite or ordinance.

-2 Reading or teaching the Vedas.

-3 The month reckoned from new moon to new moon.

-4 The category called अपूर्व (in पूर्व-मीमांसा); मुख्यभेदे यथाधिकारं भावः स्यात् MS.7.1.1 (where शबर explains मुख्य by अपूर्व).

-Comp. -अर्थः the primary or original (as opp. गौण) meaning of a word.

-उपायाः the four chief stratagems (साम, दान, भेद and दण्ड).

-क्रमः the order of the principal act; मुख्यक्रमेण वाङ्गानां तदर्थत्वात् MS.5.1.14.

-चान्द्रः the chief lunar month.

-नृपः, नृपतिः a sovereign monarch, paramount sovereign.

-मन्त्रिन् m. the prime minister.

युगम् 1 A yoke (m. also in this sense); युगव्यायतबाहुः R.3.34;1.87; Śi.3.68.

-2 A pair, couple, brace; कुचयोर्युगेन तरसा कलिता Śi.9.72; स्तनयुग Ś.1.19.

-3 A couple of stanzas forming one sentence; see युग्म.

-4 An age of the world; (the Yugas are four:-- कृत or सत्य, त्रेता, द्वापर and कलि; the duration of each is said to be respectively 1,728,; 1,296,; 864.; and 432, years of men, the four together comprising 4,32, years of men which is equal to one Mahāyuga q. v.; it is also supposed that the regularly descending length of the Yugas represents a corresponding physical and moral deterioration in the people who live during each age, Krita being called the 'golden' and Kali or the present age the 'iron' age); धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे Bg.4.8; युगशतपरिवर्तान् Ś7.34.

-5 (Hence) A long period of years (कालचक्र); युगं वा परिवर्तेत यद्येवं स्याद् यथा$$त्थ माम् Mb.5.16.99.

-6 A generation, life; आ सप्तमाद् युगात् Ms.1.64; जात्युत्कर्षो युगे ज्ञेयः पञ्चमे सप्तमे$पि वा Y.1.96. (युगे = जन्मनि Mit.).

-7 An expression for the number 'four', rarely for 'twelve',

-8 A period of five years.

-9 A measure of length equal to four Hastas.

-1 A part of a chariot or plough.

-11 N. of a particular configuration of the moon.

-Comp. -अंशकः a year.

-अध्यक्षः 1 N. of Prajāpati.

-2 of Śiva.

-अन्तः 1 the end of the yoke.

-2 the end of an age, end or destruction of the world; युगान्तकालप्रति- संहृतात्मनो जगन्ति यस्यां सविकासमासत Śi.1.23; R.13.6.

-3 meridian, mid-day.

-अन्तर 1 a kind of yoke.

-2 a succeeding generation.

-3 another division of the sky; युगान्तरमारूढः सविता Ś.4.

-अवधिः end or destruction of the world; पयस्यभिद्रवति भुवं युगावधौ Śi.17.4.

-आद्या the first day of a Yuga.

-कीलकः the pin of a yoke.

-क्षयः destruction of the world.

-धरः the pole of a carriage.

-धुर् f. the pin of a yoke.

-पत्रः, -पत्रकः the mountain ebony.

-पार्श्वग a. going to the side of the yoke, (said of an ox while being broken in to the yoke).

-बाहु a. long-armed; युगपद्युगबाहुभ्यः प्राप्तेभ्यः प्राज्यविक्रमाः Ku.2.18.

-मात्रम् the length of a yoke (= 4 hands).

-वरत्रम् a yoke-strap; युगवरत्रे उपदंशिते ईषाचक्रादिसंनिधाने चेद् अक्षमानयेत्युच्यते तदा यानाक्षमधिकृत्य ब्रूते इति गम्यते, न तु विदेवनाक्षमिति ŚB. on MS.6.8.35.

रसवत् a.

1 Juicy, succulent.

-2 Tasteful, savoury, sapid, well-flavoured; यदेवोपनतं दुःखात्सुखं तद्रसवत्तरम् V. 3.21.; संसारसुखवृक्षस्य द्वे एव रसवत्फले । काव्यामृतरसास्वादः संपर्कः सज्जनैः सह ॥.

-3 Moist, well-watered.

-4 Charming, graceful, elegant.

-5 Full of feeling or sentiment, impassioned.

-6 Full of affection, possessed of love.

-7 Spirited, witty.

-ती 1 A kitchen.

-2 A meal.

राम a. [रम् कर्तरि घञ् ण वा]

1 Pleasing, delighting, rejoicing,

-2 Beautiful, lovely, charming.

-3 Obscure; dark-coloured, black.

-4 White.

-मः 1 N. of three celebrated personages; (a) Paraśurāma, son of Jama- dagni; (b) Balarāma, son of Vasudeva and brother of Kṛiṣṇa, q.q.v.v.; (c) Rāmachandra or Sītārāma, son of Daśaratha and Kausalyā and the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa; (the word is thus derived in Purāṇas:-- राशब्दो विश्ववचनो मश्चापीश्वरवाचकः । विश्वाधीनेश्वरो यो हि तेन रामः प्रकीर्तितः ॥) cf. also राकारोच्चारमात्रेण मुखान्निर्याति पातकम् । पुनः प्रवेशशङ्कायां मकारो$स्ति कपाटवत् ॥ [When quite a boy, he with his brother was taken by Viśvāmitra, with the permission of Daśaratha, to his hermitage to protect his sacrifices from the demons that obstructed them. Rāma killed them all with perfect ease, and received from the sage several miraculous missiles as a reward. He then accompanied Viśvāmitra to the capital of Janaka where he married Sītā having performed the wonderful feat of bending Siva's bow, and then return- ed to Ayodhyā. Daśaratha, seeing that Rāma was growing fitter and fitter to rule the kingdom, resolved to install him as heir-apparent. But, on the eve of the day of coronation, his favourite wife Kaikeyī, at the instigation of her wicked nurse Mantharā, asked him to fulfil the two boons he had formerly promised to her, by one of which she demanded the exile of Rāma for fourteen years and by the other the installation of her own son Bharata as Yuvarāja. The king was terribly shocked, and tried his best to dissuade her from her wicked demands, but was at last obliged to yield. The dutiful son immediately prapared to go into exile accom- panied by his beautiful young wife Sītā and his devoted brother Lakṣmana. The period of his exile was event- ful, and the two brothers killed several powerful demons and at last roused the jealousy of Rāvaṇa himself. The wicked demon resolved to try Rāma by carrying off his beauteous wife for whom he had conceived an ar- dent passion, and accomplished his purpose being assisted by Mārīcha. After several fruitless inquiries as to her whereabouts, Hanumat ascertained that she was in Laṅkā and persuaded Rāma to invade the island and kill the ravisher. The monkeys built a bridge across the ocean over which Rāma with his numerous troops passed, conquered Laṅkā, and killed Rāvaṇa along with his whole host of demons. Rāma, attended by his wife and friends in battle, triumphant- ly returned to Ayodhyā where he was crowned king by Vasiṣṭha. He reigned long and righteously and was succeeded by his son Kuśa. Rāma is said to be the seventh incarnation of Viṣṇu; cf. Jayadeva:-- वितरसि दिक्षु रणे दिक्पतिकमनीयं दशमुखमौलिबलिं रमणीयम् । केशव धृतरघुपति- रूप जय जगदीश हरे Gīt.1.].

-2 A kind of deer.

-3 N. of Aruṇa.

-4 A lover; cf. Śi.4.59.

-5 A horse.

-6 Pleasure, joy.

-मम् 1 Darkness.

-2 Leprosy (कृष्ठम्).

-3 A tamāla leaf.

-Comp. -अनुजः N. of a celebrated reformer, founder of a Vedāntic sect and author of several works. He was a Vaiṣṇava.

-अयनम् (-णम्) 1 the adventures of Rāma.

-2 N. of a celebrated epic by Vālmīki which contains about 24 verses in seven Kāṇḍas or books.

-ईश्वरः N. of a sacred place of pilgrimage.

-काण्डः a species of cane.

-किल्बिषम् an offence against Rāma.

-कृत् (in music) N. of a Rāga.

-क्री N. of a Rāga.

-गिरिः N. of a mountain; (चक्रे) स्निग्धच्छाया- तरुषु वसतिं रामगिर्याश्रमेषु Me.1.

-चन्द्रः, -भद्रः N. of Rāma, son of Daśaratha.

-जन्मन् n. the birth or birth-day of Rāma.

-तापन, -तापनी, -तापनीय उपनिषद् N. of a well-known उपनिषद् (belonging to the अथर्ववेद).

-दूतः 1 N. of Hanumat.

-2 a monkey. (

-ती) a kind of basil.

-नवमी the ninth day in the bright half of Chaitra, the anniversary of the birth of Rāma.

-पूगः a kind of betel-nut tree.

-लीला N. of a dramatic performance, on the story of Rāma.

-वल्लभः the birch-tree. (

-भम्) cinnamon.

-शरः a kind of sugar cane.

-सखः N. of Sugrīva.

-सेतुः the bridge of Rāma', a bridge of sand between the Indian peninsula and Ceylon, now called Adam's bridge.

लक्षित p. p. [लक्ष्-क्त]

1 Seen, observed, marked, beheld; यैः सादिता लक्षितपूर्वकेतून् R.

-2 Denoted, indicated.

-3 Characterized, marked, distinguished.

-4 Defined.

-5 Aimed at.

-6 Indirectly expressed, indicated, hinted at.

-7 Inquired into, examined.

-8 Considered, regarded.

-Comp. -लक्षणा indication based on indica- tion, indicative indication, a secondary indication; इतरथा रथन्तरसामनि अध्यवसीयमाने ऋचा पदं लक्ष्यते पदेन साम सैषा लक्षितलक्षणा स्यात् ŚB. on MS.1.5.58. It should be observed that लक्षितलक्षणा is a दोष and hence inadmissible.

लोकः [लोक्यते$सौ लोक्-घञ्]

1 The world, a division of the universe; (roughly speaking there are three lokas स्वर्ग, पृथ्वी and पाताल, but according to fuller classifica- tion the lokas are fourteen, seven higher regions rising from the earth one above the other, i. e. भूर्लोक, भुवर्लोक, स्वर्लोक, महर्लोक, जनर्लोक, तपर्लोक, and सत्यलोक or ब्रह्मलोक; and seven lower regions, descending from the earth one below the other; i. e. अतल, वितल, सुतल, रसातल, तलातल, महातल, and पाताल).

-2 The earth, terrestrial world (भूलोक); इह- लोके in this world (opp. परत्र).

-3 The human race, mankind, men, as in लोकातिग, लोकोत्तर &c. q. v.

-4 The people or subjects (opp. the king); स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7; R.4.8.

-5 A collection, group, class, com- pany; आकृष्टलीलान् नरलोकपालान् R.6.1; or शशाम तेन क्षितिपाल- लोकः 7.3.

-6 A region, tract, district, province.

-7 Common life, ordinary practice (of the world); लोकवत्तु लीलाकैवल्यम् Br. Sūt.II.1.33; यथा लोके कस्यचिदाप्तैषणस्य राज्ञः &c. S. B. (and diverse other places of the same work).

-8 Common or worldly usage (opp. Vedic usage or idiom); वेदोक्ता वैदिकाः शब्दाः सिद्धा लोकाच्च लौकिकाः, प्रियतद्धिता दाक्षिणात्या यथा लोके वेदे चेति प्रयोक्तव्ये यथा लौकिक- वैदिकेष्विति प्रयुञ्जते Mbh. (and in diverse other places); अतो$स्मि लोके वेदे च प्रथितः पुरुषोत्तमः Bg.15.18.

-9 Sight, looking.

-1 The number 'seven', or 'fourteen'.

-11 Ved. Open space; space, room.

-12 One's own nature (निजस्वरूप); नष्टस्मृतिः पुनरयं प्रवृणीत लोकम् Bhāg.3. 31.15.

-13 Enlightenment (प्रकाश); इच्छामि कालेन न यस्य विप्लवस्तस्यात्मलोकावरणस्य मोक्षम् Bhāg.8.3.25.

-14 Recom- pense (फल); अग्नावेव देवेषु लोकमिच्छन्ते Bṛi. Up.1.4.15.

-15 An object of enjoyment (भोग्यवस्तु); अथो अयं वा आत्मा सर्वेषां भूतानां लोकः Bṛi. Up 1.4.16.

-16 Sight, the faculty of seeing (चक्षुरिन्द्रिय); अग्निर्लोकः Bṛi. Up.3.9. 1.

-17 An object of sense (विषय); उपपत्त्योपलब्धेषु लोकेषु च समो भव Mb.12.288.11. (In compounds लोक is often translated by 'universally', 'generally', 'popularly'; as लोकविज्ञात so ˚विद्विष्ट).

-Comp. -अक्षः space, sky.

-अतिग a. extraordinary, supernatural.

-अतिशय a. superior to the world, extraordinary.

-अधिक a. ex- traordinary, uncommon; सर्वं पण्डितराजराजितिलकेनाकारि लोकाधिकम् Bv.4.44; Ki.2.47.

-अधिपः 1 a king.

-2 a god or deity.

-अधिपतिः a lord of the world.

-अनुग्रहः prosperity of mankind.

-अनुरागः 'love of mankind', universal love, general benevolence, philanthropy.

-अनुवृत्तम् obedience of the people.

-अन्तरम् 'another world', the next world, future life; लोकान्तरसुखं पुण्यं तपोदानसमुद्भवम् R.1.69;6.45; लोकान्तरं गम्-प्राप् &c. 'to die'.

-अन्तरित a. dead.

-अपवादः public scandal, po- pular censure; लोकापवादो बलवान् मतो मे R.14.4.

-अभि- भाविन् a.

1 overcoming the world.

-2 pervading the whole world (as light).

-अभिलक्षित a. generally liked.

-अभ्युदयः public weal or welfare.

-अयनः N. of Nārāyaṇa.

-अलोकः N. of a mythical mountain that encircles the earth and is situated beyond the sea of fresh water which surrounds the last of the seven conti- nents; beyond लोकालोक there is complete darkness, and to this side of it there is light; it thus divides the visible world from the regions of darkness; प्रकाशश्चा- प्रकाशश्च लोकालोक इवाचलः R.1.68; लोकालोकव्याहतं धर्मराशेः शालीनं वा धाम नालं प्रसर्तुम् Śi.16.83; Mv.5.1,45; ऊर्ध्व- मालोकयामासुः लोकालोकमिवोच्छ्रितम् Parṇāl.3.3; (for further explanation see Dr. Bhāṇḍārkar's note on l. 79 of Māl. 1th Act). (

-कौ) the visible and the invisible world.

-आकाशः 1 space, sky.

-2 (with Jains) a worldly region.

-आचारः common practice, popular or general custom, ways of the world; अपि शास्त्रेषु कुशला लोकाचारविवर्जिताः Pt.5.43.

-आत्मन् m. the soul of the universe.

-आदिः 1 the beginning of the world.

-2 the creator of the world.

- आयत a. atheistical, materialistic. (

-तः) a materialist, an atheist, a follower of Chārvāka. (

-तम्) materialism, atheism; (for some account see the first chapter of the Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha).

-आयतिकः an atheist, a materialist; कच्चिन्न लोकायतिकान् ब्राह्मणांस्तात सेवसे Rām. 2.1.38.

-ईशः 1 a king (lord of the world).

-2 Brahman.

-3 quick-silver.

-उक्तिः f.

1 a proverb, popular saying; लोके ख्यातिमुपागतात्र सकले लोकोक्तिरेषा यतो दग्धानां किल वह्निना हितकरः सेको$पि तस्योद्भवः Pt.1.371.

-2 common talk, public opinion.

-उत्तर a. extraordinary, uncommon, unusual; लोकोत्तरा च कृतिः Bv.1.69.7; U.2.7. (

-रः) a king. ˚वादिन् m. pl. N. of a Buddhist school.

-उपक्रोशनम् circulating evil reports among the people; असारस्य वाक्संतक्षणैर्लोकोपक्रोशनैः... अपवाहनम् Dk.2.2.

-एकबन्धुः an epithet of Śākyamuni.

-एषणा 1 desire for heaven; या वितैषणा सा लोकैषणोभे ह्येते एषणे एव भवतः Bṛi. Up.3.5.1.

-2 desire for the good opinion of the public.

-कण्टकः 1 a troublesome or wicked man, the curse of mankind.

-2 an epithet of Rāvaṇa; see कण्टक.

-कथा a popular legend, folk-tale.

-कर्तृ, -कृत् m. the creator of the world.

-कल्प a.

1 resembling the world.

-2 regarded by the world. (

-ल्पः) a period or age of the world.

-कान्त a. liked by the people, popular; भव पितुरनुरूपस्त्वं गुणैर्लोककान्तैः V.5.21. (

-न्ता) a kind of medical herb (Mar. मुरुढशेंग).

-कारणकारणः an epithet of Śiva.

-क्षित् a. inhabiting heaven.

-गतिः f. actions of men.

-गाथा a song handed down among people, folk-song.

-चक्षुस् n. the sun.

-चारित्रम् the ways of the world.

-जननी an epithet of Lakṣmī.

-जित् m.

1 an epithet of Buddha.

-2 any conqueror of the world.

-3 a sage. -a. winning heaven; तद्धैतल्लोकजिदेव Bṛi. Up.1.3.28.

-ज्ञ a. knowing the world.

-ज्येष्ठः an epithet of Buddha.

-तत्त्वम् knowledge of mankind.

-तन्त्रम् course of the world; निर्मितो लोकतन्त्रो$यं लोकेषु परिवर्तते Bhāg.12.11.29.

-तुषारः camphor.

-त्रयम्, -त्रयी the three worlds taken collectively; उत्खात- लोकत्रयकण्टकेपि R.14.73.

-दम्भक a. cheating mankind; Ms.4.195.

-द्वारम् the gate of heaven.

-धर्मः 1 a worldly matter.

-2 (with Buddhists) worldly condi- tion.

-धातुः a particular division of the world (जम्बु- द्वीप).

-धातृ m. an epithet of Śiva.

-धारिणी N. of the earth.

-नाथः 1 Brahman.

-2 Viṣṇu.

-3 Śiva.

-4 a king, sovereign.

-5 a Buddha

-6 the sun.

-नेतृ m. an epithet of Śiva.

-पः, -पालः 1 a regent or guardian of a quarter of the world; ललिताभिनयं तमद्य भर्ता मरुतां द्रष्टुमनाः सलोकपालः V.2.18; R.2.75;12.89;17.78; (the lokapālas are eight; see अष्टदिक्पाल).

-2 a king, sovereign.

-पक्तिः f. esteem of mankind, general respectability.

-पतिः 1 an epi- thet of Brahman.

-2 of Viṣṇu.

-3 a king, sovereign.

-पथः, -पद्धतिः f. the general or usual way, the univer- sally accepted way.

-परोक्ष a. hidden from the world.

-पितामहः an epithet of Brahman.

-प्रकाशनः the sun.

-प्रत्ययः universal prevalence.

-प्रवादः general rumour, current report, popular talk.

-प्रसिद्ध a. well-known, universally known.

-बन्धुः, -बान्धवः 1 the sun.

-2 Śiva.

-बाह्य, -वाह्य 1 excluded from society, excom- municated.

-2 differing from the world, eccentric, singular; उन्मादवन्नृत्यति लोकबाह्यः Bhāg.11.2.4. (

-ह्यः) an outcast.

-भर्तृ a. supporter of the people.

-भावन, -भाविन् a. promoting the welfare of the world.

-मर्यादा an established or current custom.

-मातृ f. an epithet of Lakṣmī.

-मार्गः an established custom.

-यज्ञः desire for the good opinion of the people (लोकैषणा); Mb.1. 18.5. (com. लोकयज्ञो लोकैषणा सर्वो मां साधुमेव जानात्विति वासनारूपः).

-यात्रा 1 worldly affairs, the course of world- ly life, business of the world; तस्माल्लोकयात्रार्थी नित्यमुद्यत- दण्डः स्यात् Kau. A.1.4; Mb.3.15.31; Dk.2.8; एवं किलेयं लोकयात्रा Mv.7; यावदयं संसारस्तावत् प्रसिद्धैवेयं लोकयात्रा Ve.3.

-2 a popular usage or custom; एषोदिता लोकयात्रा नित्यं स्त्रीपुंसयोः शुभा Ms.9.25

-3 worldly existence, career in life; Māl.4,6.

-4 support of life, maintenance.

-रक्षः a king, sovereign.

-रञ्जनम् pleasing the world, popularity.

-रवः popular talk or report.

-रावण a. tormentor of the people; रावणं लोकरावणम् Rām.3.33.1; Mb.3.148.12.

-लेखः 1 a public document.

-2 an ordi- nary letter.

-लोचनम् the sun.

-वचनम् a popular rumour or report.

-वर्तनम् the means by which the world subsists.

-वादः public rumour; common talk, popular report; मां लोकवादश्रवणादहासीः R.14.61.

-वार्ता popular report, public rumour; कश्चिदक्षर्धूतः कलासु कवित्वेषु लोकवार्तासु चातिवैचक्षण्यान्मया समसृज्यत Dk.2.2.

-विद्विष्ट a. disliked by men, generally or universally disliked.

-विधिः 1 a mode of proceeding prevalent in the world.

-2 the creator of the world.

-विनायकाः a class of deities presiding over diseases.

-विभ्रमः see लोकव्यवहार; हृष्यत्तनुर्विस्मृतलोकविभ्रमः Bhāg.1.71.26.

-विरुद्ध a. op- posed to public opinion; यद्यपि शुद्धं लोकविरुद्धं नाकरणीयम् नाचरणीयम्.

-विश्रुत a. farfamed, universally known, famous, renowned.

-विश्रुतिः f.

1 world-wide fame.

-2 unfounded rumour, mere report.

-विसर्गः 1 the end of the world; Mb.

-2 the creation of the world; Bhāg.

-वृत्तम् 1 the way of the world, a custom prevalent in the world; लोकवृत्तमनुष्ठेयं कृतं वो बाष्पमोक्षणम् Rām.4.25.3.

-2 an idle talk or gossip; न लोकवृत्तं वर्तेत वृत्तिहेतोः कथंचन Ms.4.11.

-वृत्तान्तः, -व्यवहारः 1 the course or ways of the world, general custom; Ś.5.

-2 course of events.

-व्यवहार a. commonly used, universally current.

-व्रतम् general practice or way of the world.

-श्रुतिः f.

1 a popular report.

-2 world-wide fame.

-संसृतिः f.

1 fate, destiny.

-2 course through the world.

-संकरः general confusion in the world.

-संग्रहः 1 the whole universe.

-2 the welfare of the world; लोकसंग्रहमेवापि संपश्यन् कर्तुमर्हसि Bg.3.2.

-3 worldly experience.

-4 propitiation of mankind.

-संपन्न a. possessed of worldly wisdom.

-संबाधः a throng of men, going and coming; इतस्ततः प्रवेशनिर्गमप्रवृत्तलोकसंबाधम् Dk.2.3.

-साक्षिक a.

1 having the world as a witness; in the face of the world; प्रत्यक्षं फलमश्नन्ति कर्मणां लोकसाक्षिकम् Mb.3.32.6.

-2 attested by witnesses.

-साक्षिन् m.

1 an epithet of Brahman.

-2 fire.

-साधक a. creating worlds.

-साधारण a. common (as a topic); Dk.

-सिद्ध a.

1 cur- rent among the people, usual, customary.

-2 generally received or accepted.

-सीमातिवर्तिन् a. extraordinary, supernatural.

-सुन्दर a. generally admired.

-स्थलम् common occurrence.

-स्थितिः f.

1 existence or conduct of the universe, worldly existence; the stability or perma- nence of the world; ये चैवं पुरुषाः कलासु कुशलास्तेष्वेव लोकस्थितिः Bh.2.22.

-2 a universal law.

-हास्य a. world-derided, the butt of general ridicule.

-हित a. beneficial to mankind or to the world. (

-तम्) general welfare.

वङ्गाः (pl.) N. of Bengal proper and its inhabi- tants; वङ्गानुत्खाय तरसा नेता नौसाधनोद्यतान् R.4.36; रत्नाकरं समारभ्य ब्रह्मपुत्रान्तगः प्रिये वङ्गदेश इति प्रोक्तः; (see App.)

विवादः 1 (a) A dispute, contest, contention, contro- versy, discussion, debate, quarrel, strife; अलं विवादेन Ku.5.82; एतयोर्विवाद एव मे न रोचते M.1; एकाप्सरःप्रार्थितयो- र्विवादः R.7.53; विक्रीते करिणि किमङ्कुशे विवादः Subhāṣ. (b) Argument, argumentation, discussion.

-2 Contra- diction; एष विवाद एव प्रत्याययति Ś.7.

-3 A litigation, law-suit, contest at law; सीमाविवादः, विवादपदम् &c.; (it is thus defined:-- ऋणांदिदायकलहे द्वयोर्बहुतरस्य वा विवादो व्यवहारश्च); see व्यवहार also.

-4 Crying aloud, sounding.

-6 An order, command; तस्याननादुच्चरितो विवादश्चस्खाल वेलास्वपि नार्णवानाम् R.18.43.

-Comp. -अर्थिन् m.

1 a litigant.

-2 a plaintiff, complainant, prosecutor.

-पदम् a title of dispute; विवादपदनिबन्धः Kau. A.3.

-वस्तु n. the subject of dispute, the matter at issue.

वेमः वेमन् [वेञः सर्वत्र इमनिन् Uṇ.4.163]. m., n. A loom; महासिवेम्नः सहकृत्वरी बहुम् N.1.12; तुरीवेमादिकम् T. S.; शुक्लं वयन्तो तरसा सुवेमौ Mb.1.3.58.

व्यूहः 1 A military array; दण्डव्यूहेन तन्मार्गं यायात्तु शकटेन वा । वराहमकराभ्यां वा सूच्या वा गरुडेन वा ॥ Ms.7. 187; cf. दण्डव्यूहः, शकट˚, वराह˚, सर्वतोभद्रा˚ etc. mentioned in Dhanur.

-2 An army, a host, squadron; व्यूहावुभौ तावितरेतरस्मात् भङ्गं जयं चापतुरव्यकस्थम् R.7.54.

-3 A large quantity, an assemblage, a multitude, collection; विमिश्रा विहगाः पुंभिरात्मव्यूहाभिनन्दिताः Rām.4.1.27; गुणव्यूहः Bhāg.4.29.71.

-4 A part, portion, subhead.

-5 The body.

-6 Structure, formation.

-7 Reasoning, logic.

-8 Separation, distribution.

-9 (In phil.) A peculiar arrangement of the senses.

-Comp. -पार्ष्णिः f. the rear of an army.

-भङ्गः, -भेदः breaking an array.

-रचना arrangement of troops.

-विभागः a distinctive array of army; पक्षकक्षा-उरस्यानां बलाग्रतो व्यूहविभागाः Kau. A.1.

संगतिः f.

1 Union, meeting, conjunction; भवत्याः संगत्याः फलमिति च कल्याणि कलये Ā. L.17.

-2 Company, society, association, intercourse; मनो हि जन्मान्तरसंगतिज्ञम् R.7.15; क्षणमिह सज्जनसंगतिरेका भवति भवार्णवतरणे नौका Moha M.6.

-3 Sexual union.

-4 Visiting, frequenting.

-5 Fitness, appropriateness, applicability, consistent relation.

-6 Accident, chance, accidental occurrence,

-7 Knowledge.

-8 Questioning for further knowledge.

-9 (In पूर्वमीमांसा) One of the five members of an अधिकरण.