קדם

קֶדֶםch. sam(קדם before). Targ. Ez. 38:17; a. e.

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קָדַם(b. h.) (to bend, go forward, to advance, precede; to anticipate. Y.Meg.III, 74a bot. צפה … מוטב שיִקְדּוֹם … לכספווכ׳ the Lord foresaw that Haman the wicked would weigh his silver for Israels destruction (Esth. 3:9), and he said, it is better that my childrens silver (the half-Shekel, Ex. 30:11 sq.) anticipate Hamans silver (to act as a protection from evil designs); ib. I, 70d bot. שיַּקְדִּים (Hif.). Sifra Vayiḳra, Ḥob., Par. 3, ch. V, v. infra. Gen. R. s. 1 ששה דברים קָדְמוּוכ׳ six things preceded the creation of the world. Ib. איני יודע איזה מהן קוֹדֵם אם התורה קָדְמָהוכ׳ I know not yet, which of them was first, whether the Torah was created before the throne of glory Ib. התורה קרמהוכ׳, v. קְרִימָה. Ḥull.100a, sq. ק׳ וסלקו he removed it first (before putting in other pieces). Snh.38a; Lev. R. s. 14, beg. יתוש קְדָמְךָ, v. יַתּוּש. B. Mets. II, 11 אבדתו … אבדתו קוֹדֶמֶת if a mans own loss and his fathers loss are to be attended to, his own has the precedence; ib. שלו קודמת (Bab. ed. 33a קודם). Ab. III, 9 כל … קודמת לחכמתווכ׳ he to whom fear of sin comes before his learning, his learning will endure. Y.Ned.IX, 42c bot. חיי העיר הזאת קוֹדְמִיןוכ׳ the supply of provisions for the people of ones own town has the precedence over Kel. XXV, 4, v. כַּתְּ; a. fr. (Nif. נִקְדָּם, Taan.20a נקדמה, v. נָקַד I. Pi. קִדֵּם to get the start of. Y.Taan.I, end, 64d שלא יְקַדְּמֶנּוּ אחר lest another man get ahead of him (in proposing to a woman he desires to marry); Y.Bets. V, 63a bot. Sifré Deut. 34 לא קִידְּמוּם מצוותוכ׳ no other commands were promulgated before them; a. fr. Hif. הִקְדִּים 1) to advance; to do first; to anticipate, provide against. Y. Meg. l. c. לפיכך מַקְדִּימִין וקיריןוכ׳ therefore we read the section of Shḳalim first (before the first of Adar, and before the Sabbath Zakhor); Bab. ib. 13b לפיכךה׳ שקליהןוכ׳ therefore the Lord ordered their Shekels in anticipation of his (Hamans) Shekels, v. supra. Ib. 30a מקדימין לשבת שעברה we read it the Sabbath before, opp. מאחרין. Ib. when Purim falls on a Friday, מקרימין פרשת זכור we read the section Zakhor on the Sabbath previous. Y.Sot.VIII, 22d bot. ה׳ לו שכרי if he paid the builder in advance. Zeb.106a (ref. to Lev. 4:12) שיהא שם דשן שיַקְדִּים לשם דשן this means that ashes must be there, that he must first have put ashes there; Sifra Vayikra l. c. שיִקְדּים; a. fr.ה׳ שלום to salute first. Ber.6b כל שיודע … יקדים לו שלום he who knows his neighbor to be in the habit of greeting him, should salute him first. Ib. 17a לא הִקְדִּימוֹ אדם יכ׳ never was a man the first in saluting him, not even a stranger Ex. R. s. 23 באו … להַקְדִּים שירה the angels came wanting to be the first to offer song; יַקְדִּימוּ בני תחלה let my children be the first; a. v. fr.Part. pass. מוּקְדָּם; f. מוּקְרֶּמֶת; pl. מוּקְדָּמִים Pes.6b, a. fr. אין מ׳ ומאוחרוכ׳, v. אָחַר. Shebi. X, 5, v. פְּרוֹזְבּוּל. Ib. שטרי חוב המ׳ antedated notes of indebtedness. M. Mets. V, 10 נתן עיניו … זו היא רבית מ׳ if he intends to borrow money, and he sends his neighbor a gift and says, ‘in order to make thee inclined to lend me money,this is interest paid in advance; a. fr. 2) to be early, zealous. Naz.23b, a. e. לעולם יקדים אדם לדברוכ׳ man should always be anxious to do a good deed as early as possible. Pes.4a, a. e. מקדימיןוכ׳, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.Y.Erub.V, 22d top שמקדימין העליון, read: שמקדירין or שמקדרין, v. קָדַר I.

קְדַםch. sam( Hif. הִקְדִּים to salute first); Pa. קַדֵּם 1) to precede; to do early, be early, first. Targ. Ps. 69:32 דקַדִּימוּ קרנויוכ׳ (some ed. דקָדִ׳) whose horns grew prior to its hoofs. Targ. Gen. 19:2; a. fr.Ber.8a מְקַרְּמֵיוכ׳; קַדִּימוּ וחשיכו, v. חֲשַׁךְ I. Tam.27b וקַדֵּיםוכ׳, v. הֲשַׁךְ; a. e. 2) to go before, come to meet. Targ. Ps. 88:14. Ib. 79:8 יקרמון לן Ms. (ed. לך, corr. acc.); a. fr. Af. אַקְדֵּים 1) to be early. Targ. Gen. 26:31. Targ. 1 Sam. 17:16; a. fr. 2) to precede, anticipate. Targ. Job 41:3; a. e. 3) to get the start of; to prevent. Targ. Ps. 17:13; a. e. 3) to be earlier than, be quick in doing. Ib. 119:147, sq.; a. fr.Sabb.119a אי רגיליתו לאַקְדּוּמֵי … אַקְדִּימוּ … if you are accustomed to take an early meal, make it later (on the Sabbath), and if you are used to dine late, dine earlier. Ib. 151b when a poor man comes, אַקְדִּים … דליקַדְּמוּוכ׳ be quick in giving him bread, in order that people may be ready to do so to thy children. 4) to give preference to. Y.Snh.I, 18c bot. אַקִדְּמוּן ליה … בעיבור they preferred a certain old man to him at the session for intercalation; Y.R. Hash. II, 58b top; a. e.

קֶדֶםm. (b. h.) olden time, (adv.) before, v. קוֹדֶם.

קָדָם, קֳדָםm. (preced.) ( precedence, 1) (prepos. of time and place) before. Targ. Gen. 29:26. Ib. 43:29; a. fr.With suffix of personal pronoun mostly in pl. Targ. Prov. 23:1 קָדָמָךְ ed. Lag. (oth. ed. קָדָמָיִךְ). Targ. Ps. 96:9 מן קֳדָמוֹי. Ib. 8 לִקְדָמוֹי; a. fr.Lev. R. s. 37 נפק … קדמויוכ׳ a proclamation went before him, and all the people came out to meet him. Lam. R. to III, 16; a. fr. 2) (conj.) a) ere, before; b) מן ק׳ since, because (h. מפני). Targ. Y. Gen. 13:10 ק׳ עד לא. Targ. Prov. 8:23. Ib. 25 Ms. (ed. קְדִים); a. fr.Targ. O. a. Y. II Ex. 19:18 מן ק׳ (Y. I מן בגלל).Y.Yeb.XII, 13a top; Y.Snh.I, 19a bot. קרבת קַדְמָנָא she came before us; ורקת קדמנא and spat in our presence; Y.M. Kat. III, 82a bot. קוּדְמֵינָא; Yeb.39b; a. e.V. קַדְמִין.