πενῠ

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `intelligent, sensible, reaonable, prudent, rational' (Od.).

Other forms: Variant forms are πνυτός ἔμφρων, σώφρων H., often in Cypr. PN, e.g. Πνυτ-αγόρας (Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 7, 238ff.).

Derivatives: - ύσσω (late epic) from * pinut-y-, aor. ind. ἐπίνυσσεν Ξ 249), ptc. pass. πινυσθείς (Pythag.) `to make deliberate, to warn to be clear-minded' with πινυ-τή f. `prudence, reason' (Η 289, υ 71 a. 228, Hp. Ep.), with - τότης f. (Eust.); besides - τάς, - τᾶτος f. (Dor., AP), after ταχυ-τής a. o. (Schwyzer 529 n. 1); πίνυσις σύνεσις, πινυμένην συνετήν H. Also ἀπινύσσω `to be thoughtless, rash' (Ο 10, ε 342 = ζ 258), = ἀπινυτέω (Apollon. Lex.), from *ἀ-πίνυτος; adv. ἀπινύτως H. s. ἀπινύσσων. Beside it pres. πινύσκω, - ομαι (Simon., A., Call., Orph.); this will be *πινυτ-σκ-.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The relation between the relevant forms is not satisfactorily explained. If one may derive πινυ-τή as abstractformation from *πενυ-τή with transition of ε to ι (Schulze Q. 323 n. 3), πενυ- could be taken as a disyllabic ablaut grade of πνεϜ-, beside the monosyllabic πνῡ- (with long vowel) in πέ-πνῡ-μαι (Frisk Eranos 43, 215 ff.). Assuming a dissimilation πι- from πυ- or a basic form *πε-νε-υ-μι (Nehring ClassPhil. 42, 108 ff.) one connected since Fick 2, 152 Lat. pŭ-tāre, OCS py-tati `scrutari' (also with νήπιος, νηπύτιος). One connects πέπνυμαι with πνέω, s.v. w. further analysis. Details w. lit. in Frisk l.c.; older etymology, to be rejected, in Bq s. πινυτός. - However, a form penu- posited as a root variant, is improbable and not attested; also a root ending in two semivowels is not permitted; also the transition ε \> ι is not explained. So the form πινυτός cannot be explained from IE. Also the variation πινυτός\/ πνυτο- cannot be explained. But a variation ι\/zero is known from Pre-Greek: it indicated a palatalized consonant, so pn^yut-; the palatalisation could also be ignored, which gave πνυτο-; cf. Beekes, Evidence an Counterevidence, FS Kortlandt. So the words are Pre-Greek and have nothing to do with πνέω.

πέπνῡμαι, [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. with [tense] pres. sense,

A to be conscious, in full possession of one's faculties,

τῷ καὶ τεθνηῶτι νόον πόρε Περσεφόνεια οἴῳ πεπνῦσθαι· τοὶ δὲ σκιαὶ ἀΐσσουσιν Od.10.495

;

π. ἐν νεκύεσσι Call.Lau. Pall.129

.

2 more freq. to be wise,

πέπνυσαι.. νόῳ ιλ.2.3 ; οὔ σ' ἔτυμόν γε φάμεν πεπνῦσθαι Ἀχαιοί 23.440

; imper.

πέπνῠσο Thgn.29

: [tense] plpf. with [tense] impf. sense,

τά περ ἄλλα μάλιστα ἀνθρώπων πέπνῡσο Od.23.210

: most freq. in part. πεπνυμένος, of persons, Il.3.203, Od.3.52 ; also of things, π. μῦθος, π. μήδεα, 1.361, Il.7.278 ;

στόμα Hsch.

; πεπνυμένα ἀγορεύειν, βάζειν, etc., Od.19.352, Il.9.58, etc.; once in Hes.,

πεπνυμένα εἰδώς Op. 731

; in later Prose,

πεπνυμένη ῥῆσις Anaxarch. 1

;

τὰ θεῖα πεπνυμένος Plu.Num.4

; αἱ (v.l. οἱ) π. the experts, Aret. SD2.11.—In [tense] aor. opt. [voice] Pass., πνυθείης ἀκόνιτον understand it, Nic.Al. 13.

3 breathe,

ζῶντες καὶ πεπν. ἄνδρες Plb.6.47.9

;

εἰκόνες Id.6.53.10

. (From root πενῠ- which becomes πινῠ- in πινυτός (cf. Σικυών from Σεκυών, Λιβύη from Λεβύα) , ἀπινύσσω ; πνῡ-also in pr. n. Πνυταγόρας, πνυτός : not cogn. with πνέω, with which however it soon began to be confused, cf.

ἄμπνυτο, ἀναπνέω 1.1

.)