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101 Gesetz
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102 hauen
háuen*I vimit dem Schwert auf den Feind há uen — обру́шить меч на врага́
mit der Faust auf den Tisch há uen — сту́кнуть кулако́м по́ столу
sich (D ) auf die Sché nkel há uen разг. — хло́пать себя́ по ля́жкам ( смеясь)
mit dem Kopf an die Wand há uen — (бо́льно) уда́риться голово́й о сте́ну
er stó lperte und há ute auf die É rde — он споткну́лся и шмя́кнулся о́земь
5. (prät há ute) охот. ударя́ть клыка́ми, пуска́ть в ход клыки́II vt2. (prät há ute) разг. бить, пробива́тьé inen Ná gel in die Wand há uen — забива́ть гвоздь в сте́ну
ein Loch ins Eis há uen — пробива́ть лу́нку во льду
3. (prät há ute) руби́ть, высека́тьetw. aus [in] Stein há uen — вы́сечь что-л. из ка́мня [в ка́мне]
4. (prät há ute) горн. руби́ть, отбива́ть5. (prät há ute) руби́ть, обруба́ть; вали́ть (деревья, лес); террит. коси́ть (сено, луг), жать (рожь и т. п.)6. (prät há ute) руби́ть, коло́ть (что-л. топором и т. п.)7. (prät há ute) разг. избива́ть, бить; колоти́ть, дуба́сить; стега́ть (лошадь кнутом и т. п.)j-n krumm und lahm há uen, j-n zum Krǘ ppel há uen — изби́ть кого́-л. до полусме́рти, изуве́чить кого́-л.
10. (prät há ute) швыря́ть (с гро́хотом) (что-л.); гро́хнуть (чем-л.)etw. auf den Tisch há uen — швырну́ть что-л. на стол
das haut é inen vom Stuhl фам. — ≅ от э́того любо́й опе́шит
die Né uigkeit haut dich vom Stuhl фам. — сногсшиба́тельная но́вость, упадё́шь, когда́ узна́ешь
11. (prät há ute) фам. черкну́тьsé inen Ná men ú nter das Protokó ll há uen — подмахну́ть протоко́л
das ist nicht gehá uen und nicht gestó chen разг. — э́то де́ло тё́мное
1. (prät hieb sich) руби́ться; пробива́тьсяer hieb sich durch die fé indlichen Ré ihen zu den Sé inigen — он проби́лся [прорва́лся] че́рез вра́жеские ряды́ к свои́м
2. (prät há ute sich) фам. дра́ться, ца́паться3. (prät há ute sich) фам. свали́ться, растяну́тьсяsich aufs Ohr há uen — отпра́виться на бокову́ю, завали́ться спать
IV vimp:ich dénke, mich haut's vom Stuhl фам. — я ду́мал, упаду́ ( от изумления)
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103 kulturkofta
substantivKulturkofta används positivt om belästa och verkligt konstintresserade personer, negativt om kulturkonservativa personer
Betegnelsen 'kulturkofte' om belæste og virkelig kunstinteresserede personer skal forstås positivt, men negativt når det drejer sig om kulturkonservative personer -
104 THEIR
may be expressed as the ending -lta (also -ltya) added to nouns (VT49:16), e.g. *aldalta or *aldaltya = “their tree”. – In some sources, Tolkien instead gives the ending as -nta (nassentar pl. “their true-being[s]”, PE17:174) or -ntya (called an “archaic” form in VT49:17), just as he hesitated between -ltë and -ntë as the ending for “they” (VT49:17; see THEY). In “colloquial Quenya”, the ending -rya could also be used for the plural pronoun “their” (símaryassen “in their imaginations”, VT49:16), because it was felt to contain the plural ending -r, but in “correct” written Quenya -rya was rather the ending for “his, her, its” (VT49:17). – According to VT49:17, the vowel -i- is inserted before the ending -lta/-ltya or -nta/-ntya when it is added to a stem ending in a consonant (but the evidence concerning connecting vowels before pronominal endings is rather diverse). – All these words for “their” are plural; the ending for dual “their” (describing something owned by two persons) is given in VT49:16 as -sta, but this clashes with a similar ending belonging to the second rather than the third person. The corresponding ending for “they” was (according to VT49:51) changed from -stë to -ttë, seemingly implying *-tta as the ending for dual “their”: hence e.g. *aldatta, “the tree of the two of them”. – No independent words for “their, theirs” are attested. Analogy may point to *tenya (plural) and *túnya or *tunya (dual), based on (attested) ten and (unattested) *tún as the dative forms of the pronouns te, tú “they” (plural and dual, repectively). Compare such attested forms as ninya “my” and menya “our” vs. the dative pronouns nin “for me”, men “for us”. -
105 YOU
(plural and dual only; for singular "you", see THOU): Plural “you” is normally expressed by the ending -ldë (VT49:51) that is added to verbs, e.g. carildë “you do” (VT49:16; in earlier texts Tolkien also used the ending--llë for pl. "you”, VT43:36, VT49:48). The reduced form -l may be attached to an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" (WJ:364). Independent pronoun le, with long vowel (lé, VT49:51) when stressed. Case endings may be added, e.g. dative *len “for you” (cf. nin “for me”). YOUR (plural) is expressed by the ending -lda (VT49:16), e.g. onnalda “your child” (VT49:42); as an independent word perhaps *lenya (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, nin “for me”). – Dual forms of YOU, used when addressing two persons: ending -stë (for original -dde, VT49:16, 33, 51), independent pronoun tyet (intimate/familiar) or let (polite/formal), YOUR (dual): ending -sta (VT49:16), as independent word perhaps *tyentya, *lentya derived from dual dative forms *tyent, *lent “for you (two)”. Compare such attested forms as ninya “my” and menya “our” vs. the dative pronouns nin “for me”, men “for us”. -
106 estate
estate [ɪ'steɪt]∎ her country estate ses terres fpl;∎ estate manager régisseur m∎ British (industrial) estate zone f industrielle∎ she left a large estate elle a laissé une grosse fortune (en héritage)∎ estate (car) break m∎ men of low/high estate les hommes d'humble condition/de haut rang;∎ the estate of matrimony la condition du mariage;∎ the three estates les trois états mpl;∎ the fourth estate le quatrième pouvoir;∎ History the Estates (of the Realm) les états mpl ou les ordres mpl (de l'Ancien Régime)►► British estate agency agence f immobilière;British estate car break m;
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