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101 Armed forces
Although armed force has been a major factor in the development of the Portuguese nation-state, a standing army did not exist until after the War of Restoration (1641-48). During the 18th century, Portugal's small army was drawn into many European wars. In 1811, a combined Anglo-Portuguese army drove the French army of Napoleon out of the country. After Germany declared war on Portugal in March 1916, two Portuguese divisions were conscripted and sent to France, where they sustained heavy casualties at the Battle of Lys in April 1918. As Portugal and Spain were neutral in World War II, the Portuguese Army cooperated with the Spanish army to defend Iberian neutrality. In 1949, Portugal became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When the nationalist quest for independence began in Portugal's colonies in Africa ( Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau) in the 1960s, the military effort (1961-74) to suppress the nationalists resulted in an expansion of the Portuguese armed forces to about 250,000.Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the number of personnel on active duty in the army, navy, and air force has been greatly reduced (43,200 in 2007) and given a more direct role in NATO. New NATO commitments led to the organization of the Brigada Mista Independente (Independent Composite Brigade), later converted into the Brigada Aero-Transportada. (Air-Transported Brigade) to be used in the defense of Europe's southern flank. The Portuguese air force and navy are responsible for the defense of the Azores-Madeira-Portugal strategic triangle.Chronic military intervention in Portuguese political life began in the 19th century. These interventions usually began with revolts of the military ( pronunciamentos) in order to get rid of what were considered by the armed forces corrupt or incompetent civilian governments. The army overthrew the monarchy on the 5 October 1910 and established Portugal's First Republic. It overthrew the First Republic on 28 May 1926 and established a military dictatorship. The army returned to the barracks during the Estado Novo of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. The armed forces once again returned to politics when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the armed forces again played a major role in Portuguese politics through the Council of the Revolution, which was composed of the president of the Republic, Chiefs of the general staff, three service chiefs, and 14 MFA officers. The Council of the Revolution advised the president on the selection of the prime minister and could veto legislation.The subordination of the Portuguese armed forces to civilian authority began in 1982, when revisions to the Constitution abolished the Council of the Revolution and redefined the mission of the armed forces to that of safeguarding and defending the national territory. By the early 1990s, the political influence of Portugal armed force had waned and civilian control was reinforced with the National Defense Laws of 1991, which made the chief of the general staff of the armed forces directly responsible to the minister of defense, not the president of the republic, as had been the case previously. As the end of the Cold War had eliminated the threat of a Soviet invasion of western Europe, Portuguese armed forces continues to be scaled back and reorganized. Currently, the focus is on modernization to achieve high operational efficiency in certain areas such as air defense, naval patrols, and rapid-response capability in case of terrorist attack. Compulsory military service was ended in 2004. The Portuguese armed forces have been employed as United Nations peacekeepers in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Lebanon. -
102 honour
1. сущ.тж. honor1) общ. слава, почет, честь; почтение, уважениеHe is an honour to his school — Он гордость школы.
Syn:2) общ. награды, почести (ордена, медали, знаки отличия)Syn:2. гл.тж. honor1) общ. почитать, уважать, чтитьto honour soldiers killed in Afghanistan — почтить память солдат, погибших в Афганистане.
2)а) эк. выполнять (обязательства и т. д.)б) фин. заплатить в срок (по векселю, чеку и т. д.); акцептовать (вексель; согласно определению Единообразного торгового кодекса США: заплатить, или акцептовать и заплатить, или, если условия кредитного соглашения обязывают, осуществить покупку или учесть вексель в соответствии с условиями кредитного соглашения)Ant:See:3) общ. удостаивать; оказывать честьhe honoured me with an invitation [with his confidence\] — он удостоил меня приглашением [своим доверием\]
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103 ante2
2 = before, in the face of, vis à vis, in the presence of, in view of, facing.Ex. The hearings before the Royal Commission, including among the witnesses some of the most prominent librarians and scholars of that day, extended from 1847 to 1849.Ex. In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.Ex. The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.Ex. Errors in colleagues' work should be brought to their attention tactfully and not in the presence of others = A los compañeros se les debería hacer ver sus errores discretamente y no en presencia de otros.Ex. In view of the frequency with which users could benefit from references to a broader subject this omission must be regarded as a deficiency of A/Z subject catalogue.Ex. Under the Highway Safety Code, cyclists must ride on the street, facing traffic.----* ante cualquier adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* ante la adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* ante la ley = at law.* ante la opinión pública = in the public eye.* ante la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* ante la presión de = in the crush to.* ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.* ante-sala = lobby.* ante todo = first and foremost, before anything else, more than anything else, first of all, above all, above all things.* estar ante = be faced with.* representación ante el juzgado = representation at tribunal. -
104 anderweitig
an·der·wei·tig [ʼandɐvaitɪç] adjother, further adv1) ( mit anderen Dingen) with other matters;\anderweitig beschäftigt sein to be busy with other things, to be otherwise engaged2) ( von anderer Seite) somewhere else, elsewhere;mir sind \anderweitig bereits 200.000 Euro geboten worden somebody else has offered me 200,000 euros3) ( bei anderen Leuten) other people;\anderweitig verpflichtet sein to have other commitments4) ( an einen anderen) to somebody else5) ( anders) in a different way;sich \anderweitig entscheiden to make an alternative decision;etw \anderweitig verwerten to make use of sth another way -
105 невыполнение
сущ.failure to execute (fulfil, perform); non-execution; non-fulfilment; non-performance; (несоблюдение положений договора, обязательств и т.п.) default (on); failure to comply ( with); non-compliance ( with)- невыполнение обязанностей
- невыполнение обязательств
- невыполнение требований -
106 squirm
squirm [skwɜ:m]∎ he squirmed out of my grasp il a échappé à mon étreinte en se tortillant;∎ she squirmed with impatience elle était tellement impatiente qu'elle ne tenait plus en place∎ to squirm with embarrassment être mort de honte;∎ the reporters are going to make him squirm! devant la presse, il ne saura pas où se mettre!;∎ I still squirm when I remember how I treated her j'ai encore honte quand je pense à la manière dont je l'ai traitée;∎ his speech was so bad it made me squirm son discours était si mauvais que j'en ai eu honte pour lui∎ to squirm one's way out of a situation se sortir d'une situation;∎ to squirm one's way out of one's commitments se défiler de ses obligations -
107 причина озабоченности
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > причина озабоченности
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108 principe de précaution
принцип предосторожности
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
precautionary principle
Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > principe de précaution
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109 Vorsorgeprinzip
принцип предосторожности
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
precautionary principle
Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Vorsorgeprinzip
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110 причина озабоченности
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > причина озабоченности
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111 причина озабоченности
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > причина озабоченности
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112 cause for concern principle
причина озабоченности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cause for concern principle
Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > cause for concern principle
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113 meet
встречать ; удовлетворять ; оплачивать ; покрывать ; преодолевать ; ? meet a bill ; ? ; ? meet expenses ; ? meet competition ; ? meet current commitments ; ? meet a demand ; ? meet liabilities ; ? meet with an accident ; -
114 capital expenditure
1) сокр. CAPEX, CAPX фин., учет капитальные расходы [затраты, издержки\] (затраты на приобретение, возведение или производство, модернизацию и реконструкцию объектов основных средств; в бухучете обычно относятся на счет соответствующего актива, а не отражаются как расход, уменьшающий сумму прибыли данного периода)Syn:See:2) гос. фин. капитальные расходы (как часть государственного бюджета: расходы на приобретение земли, зданий и сооружений, финансовых активов, военной техники и т. п.)Syn:Ant:capital budget, public spending, general government expenditure, total managed expenditure, capital accountSee:capital budget, public spending, general government expenditure, total managed expenditure, capital account
* * *
capex capital expenditure капитальные расходы: расходы на приобретение или реновацию фиксированных активов (основного капитала).* * *расходы на приобретение основного капитала; расходы на приобретение фиксированных активов; расходы на приобретение основных фондов; капитальные затраты. The purchase of or outlay for an asset with a life of more than a year, or one that increases the capacity or efficiency of an asset or extends it's useful life. Generally, such expenditures cannot be deducted currently for tax purposes (or expensed for financial accounting purposes. Instead, they must be depreciated or amortized over their useful life. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *-----Финансы/Кредит/Валюта -
115 без обязательств
1) General subject: (каких-л) with no strings attached, without engagement, without obligations2) Economy: ex gratia, noncommittal, without any commitments -
116 выполнить обязательство
1) General subject: apply the undertakings, honour a commitment, implement an obligation, meet a commitment, fulfil an obligation, repay an obligation, redeem obligation, live up to commitments, comply with the commitment2) Military: satisfy an obligation3) Railway term: charge a liability4) Law: meet an obligation5) Economy: perform an obligation6) Business: meet one's engagement, meet one's engagements7) Makarov: discharge a liabilityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выполнить обязательство
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117 выполнять
1) General subject: abide (обещания), accomplish, achieve, acquit, attend, bring to effect, carry, carry out (план, приказ, обещание), carry through, discharge (обязанности), do, effect, execute (обязанности, функции), exercise (обязанности), fill, follow out, follow through, followed through on (напр., угрозу), honor (обязательства), honour (обязательства), implement, keep (закон), make, prosecute, put into effect, quit, realize (план, намерение), redeem (обещание), stand by, stand to (обещание и т. п.), carry into execution, fulfill, keep a treaty, perfect, put in execution, tender (обязательства), make good (обещанное), get it done (It can be tough but we always get it done.), carry through on, deliver, meet2) Geology: fill with5) Sports: carry on7) Bookish: effectuate8) Rare: complete (клятву и т.п.)10) Religion: conform11) Law: comply, exercise (обязанность), satisfy (обязанность, соглашение, решение, закон)12) Economy: carry out (напр. план), quit (обязательство)13) Accounting: discharge (обязательства)14) Diplomatic term: abide (что-л.), bring into effect, carry out (план, обещание и т.п.), execute (приказ), put to effect, translate15) Jargon: wash out (распоряжений, инструкций)16) Information technology: operate, perform (операцию), play, render, follow17) Metrology: perform (операцию)18) Patents: pursue, satisfy (обязательство)19) Business: fulfil, put through20) Sakhalin energy glossary: (обещания) deliver on one's commitments21) Network technologies: run22) Automation: accomplish (напр. требования проектного задания)24) Makarov: bring off, design, hold, pursue (программу), satisfy (напр. требования), solve, transact (работу), carry into effect, carry out, carry to effect, carry out (операцию приказ план)25) SAP.tech. proceed -
118 выполнять обязательство
1) General subject: discharge a liability, perform an obligation2) Law: satisfy an obligation3) Economy: carry out an engagement, carry out one's pledge4) Diplomatic term: comply with an obligation5) Banking: meet commitment, satisfy6) Mass media: deliver commitment, honor commitment, keep (to) commitment, live up to commitment, live up to engagement, meet engagement7) Business: discharge an obligation, fulfil a commitment, fulfil an obligation, honour an obligation, meet commitments, meet liabilities, perform obligation, quit8) Sakhalin energy glossary: meet an obligation9) Makarov: carry out commitment, fulfil commitment, fulfil obligation, fulfil the pledge10) Organized crime: discharge the obligationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > выполнять обязательство
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119 обязательства
1) General subject: liabilities2) Mathematics: imputation (по результатам игры)3) Law: warranties (договаривающихся сторон)4) Accounting: liability5) Finances: assumption of estate liability6) Diplomatic term: commitments7) Information technology: commitment8) Oil: responsibilities9) Official expression: commitment (to - перед: Our commitment to our workers starts with ensuring that their working conditions exceed all international standards.)10) Banking: rate-sensitive liabilities, stock11) Patents: commitment (тж. денежные)12) Business: obligation13) Chemical weapons: liability requirements14) Makarov: responsibility -
120 vertraglich
vertraglich I adj RECHT contractual • die vertraglichen Bestimmungen ändern RECHT vary the terms of a contract vertraglich II adv RECHT by contract • vertraglich ausschließen RECHT exclude by contract; contract out (freizeichnen) • vertraglich festlegen GEN, RECHT stipulate, stipulate by contract* * *adj < Recht> contractual ■ die vertraglichen Bestimmungen ändern < Recht> vary the terms of a contractadv < Recht> by contract ■ vertraglich ausschließen < Recht> exclude by contract, freizeichnen contract out ■ vertraglich festlegen <Geschäft, Recht> stipulate, stipulate by contract* * *vertraglich
ex contractu (lat.), contractual, by contract;
• vertraglich gebunden bound by contract, articled;
• vertraglich vereinbart by contract, conventional, stipulated;
• vertraglich nicht vereinbart uncovenanted;
• vertraglich verpflichtet [liable] under contract;
• sich vertraglich binden to bind o. s. by contract;
• vertraglich regeln to stipulate by contract;
• vertraglich verpflichtet sein to be bound by a contract, to be under bond (an agreement);
• vertraglich vereinbaren to stipulate in writing;
• sich vertraglich verpflichten to contract for s. th., to enter into a covenant;
• vertragliche Abmachung agreement, stipulation;
• vertraglich begründete Ansprüche claims based on contract;
• vertraglich übernommene Arbeit contract labo(u)r;
• vertragliche Auswirkung contractual force;
• gemäß den vertraglichen Bestimmungen in accordance with the provisions of the agreement;
• vertragliche Beziehungen contractual relations;
• vertragliche Garantie contract of warranty;
• vertragliche Gegenleistung valuable consideration;
• vertraglich vereinbarte Gütergemeinschaft conventional community;
• vertragliche [gesicherte] Konzessionen contract concessions;
• vertragliche Laufzeit contract period;
• vertraglich geschuldete Leistung contractual obligation, simple contract debt;
• vertraglich festgelegte Menge contract quantity;
• vertragliche Regelung contract settlement;
• vertragliche Verpflichtungen treaty obligations, contractual commitments;
• seinen vertraglichen Verpflichtungen nachkommen to meet one’s contract obligations;
• vertraglich vorgesehener Zahlungstermin contractual due date.
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