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  • 21 Chemical technology

    [br]
    Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune
    Zeng Gonglian

    Biographical history of technology > Chemical technology

  • 22 Synthetic materials

    [br]

    Biographical history of technology > Synthetic materials

  • 23 Keller, Helen Adams

    (1880-1968) Келлер, Хелен Адамс
    Известная деятельница Американского общества слепых [American Foundation for the Blind], автор ряда книг. После болезни, перенесенной в полуторагодовалом возрасте, осталась слепоглухонемой. С 1887 по 1936 с ней занималась молодая преподавательница Института Перкинса [Perkins Institution] Э. Салливан [Sullivan, Anne], которой в ходе долгих месяцев напряженной работы удалось объяснить маленькой Хелен, что условные обозначения букв, передаваемые прикосновением пальцев к ладони, соотносятся с предметами окружающего мира. После этого девочка быстро овладела знаковым языком, а через три года стала учиться говорить, освоив правильные движения губ и гортани. В 1900 поступила и в 1904 окончила с отличием Рэдклиффский колледж [ Radcliffe College]. Написала и опубликовала более десятка книг о себе, своих ощущениях, учебе, мировоззрении и понимании религии, среди которых "Мир, в котором я живу" ["The World I Live In"], "Дневник Хелен Келлер" ["Helen Keller's Journal"] и др., выступала за включение слепоглухонемых в активную жизнь общества. История Хелен и ее наставницы легла в основу знаменитой пьесы У. Гибсона [Gibson, William] "Сотворившая чудо" ["The Miracle Worker"] (1959), экранизированной в 1962. В 1963 Х. Келлер была удостоена Президентской медали свободы [ Presidential Medal of Freedom]

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Keller, Helen Adams

  • 24 Thorpe, Richard

    1896-1991
       Entra en el mundo del cine a comienzos de los anos 20, abriendo de par en par la puerta de la actuacion, labor en la que le acreditaba su experiencia previa sobre los escenarios. En 1924 se estrena como realizador, tarea en la que persiste hasta 1967. Entre 1933 y 1935 es el director casi unico de la modesta productora Powerty Row. En 1935 pasa a Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer, donde permanecera hasta 1962. Dirige, en los mas de cuarenta anos de profesion, cerca de 200 peliculas, de las que unas 120 son sonoras. Aborda todos los generos, si bien se encuentra mas comodo dentro de la accion y la aventura, donde obtiene sus mayores reconocimientos, como en Ivanhoe (1953) y en Los caballeros del rey Arturo (Knights of the Round Table, 1954), por ejemplo, ademas de tres entregas del Tarzan protagonizado por Johnny Weissmuller. Entre otras muchas cosas, es uno de los pioneros en el uso de formatos anchos. Su actividad en el western, sin embargo, es reducida; se limita a un punado de peliculas a comienzos del sonoro, incluido un serial, a cuatro filmes en los anos 40 protagonizados por Wallace Beery, y a alguna que otra esporadica aparicion en el genero, al que no contribuye especialmente, ni en cantidad ni en calidad.
        Border Romance. 1929. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Tiffany. Armida, Don Terry, Marjorie Kane.
        The Dude Wrangler. 1930. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. World Wide. Tom Keene, Lina Basquette, Clyde Cook.
        Under Montana Skies. 1930. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Tiffany. Kenneth Harlan, Dorothy Gulliver, Slim Summerville.
        The Utah Kid. 1930. 57 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Tiffany. Rex Lease, Dorothy Sebastian, Walter Miller.
        The Lone Defender. 1930. 217 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Mascot. Walter Miller, June Marlowe, Buzz Barton.
        Wild Horse (co-d.: Sidney Algier). 1931. 68 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Allied/Astor. Hoot Gibson, Edmund Cobb, Alberta Vaughn.
        20 Mule Team (Puno de hierro). 1940. 84 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Wallace Beery, Leo Carrillo, Marjorie Rambeau, Ann Baxter.
        Wyoming. 1940. 89 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Wallace Beery, Leo Carrillo, Ann Rutherford, Marjorie Main.
        The Bad Man. 1941. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Wallace Beery, Lionel Barrymore, Laraine Day, Ronald Reagan.
        Apache Trail. 1943. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Lloyd Nolan, Donna Reed, William Lundigan.
        Big Jack. 1949. 85 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Wallace Beery, Richard Conte, Marjorie Main
        Vengeance Valley (El valle de la venganza). 1951. 83 minutos. Tech nicolor. MGM. Burt Lancaster, Robert Walker, Joanne Dru, Sally Forest.
        The Last Challenge (Duelo a muerte en Rio Rojo). 1967. 105 minutos. Metrocolor. Panavision. MGM. Glenn Ford, Angie Dickinson, Gary Merrill.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Thorpe, Richard

  • 25 Need, Samuel

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1718
    d. 14 April 1781 Bread Street, Cheapside, London, England
    [br]
    English manufacturer of hosiery who helped to finance Arkwright's spinning machine and early cotton mills.
    [br]
    Samuel Need was apprenticed as a framework knitter and entered the hosiery trade c. 1742. He was a Dissenter and later became an Independent Congregationalist. He married Elizabeth Gibson of Hacking, Middlesex, who survived him and died in 1781. He had a warehouse in Nottingham, where he was made a burgess in 1739–40. In 1747 he bought a mill there and had a house adjoining it, but in 1777 he bought an estate at Arnold, outside the city. From about 1759 he supported Jedediah Strutt and William Woollat in their development of Strutt's invention of the rib attachment to the knitting machine. Need became a partner with Strutt in 1762 over the patent and then they shared a joint hosiery business. When Arkwright sought financial assistance from Ichabod and John Wright, the Nottingham bankers, to develop his spinning mill in that town, the Wrights turned him over to Samuel Need. Need, having profited so much from the successful patent with Strutt, was ready to exploit another; on 19 January 1770 Need and Strutt, on payment of £500, became co-partners with Arkwright, Smalley and Thornley for the remainder of Arkwright's patent. In Need, Arkwright had secured the patronage of the leading hosier in Nottingham. Need was leader of the Hosiers' Federation in 1779 when the framework knitters petitioned Parliament to better their conditions. He gave evidence against the workers' demands and, when their bill failed, the Nottingham workers attacked first his Nottingham house and then the one at Arnold.
    Need was to remain a partner with Arkwright until his death in 1781. He was involved in die mill at Cromford and also with some later ones, such as the Birkacre mill near Chorley, Lancashire, in 1777. He made a fortune and died at his home in London.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    M.L.Walker, 1963, A History of the Family of Need of Arnold, Nottinghamshire, London (a good biography).
    R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester (covers Need's relationship with Arkwright).
    R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, 1758–1830, Manchester.
    S.D.Chapman, 1967, The Early Factory Masters, Newton Abbot (describes his wider contacts with the Midlands hosiery industry).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Need, Samuel

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