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61 knowledge
• oppi• tunne• tuntu• tuttavuus• tuntemus• asiantuntemus• vaikutelma• tiedot• tietoisuus• tietämys• tietämys (tieto)• tietousautomatic data processing• tieto (ATK)• tieto(tietotekn)• tieto• kokemus• perehtyneisyys• taito* * *'noli‹1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) tieto2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) tieto3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) tietämys•- general knowledge -
62 knowledge
['nɔlɪdʒ]nwiedza f; ( of language etc) znajomość fit is common knowledge that … — powszechnie wiadomo, że …
* * *['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) wiedza2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) wiadomości3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) wiedza•- general knowledge -
63 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) zināšana2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) zināšanas3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) zināšanas•- general knowledge* * *zināšana; zināšanas -
64 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) žinojimas2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) žinios3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) žinios•- general knowledge -
65 knowledge
n. kunskap; vetande; vetskap; kännedom* * *['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) vetskap, kännedom2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) kunskap3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) vetande, vetenskap, lärdom•- general knowledge -
66 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) zpráva2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) vědomost, znalost3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) vědění•- general knowledge* * *• vědomost• vědění• vědomosti• vědomí• znalost• znalosti -
67 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) správa2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) znalosť3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) poznanie•- general knowledge* * *• vedomie• veda• vedomosti• vedomost• vzdelanie• znalosti• znalost• poznanie -
68 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) cunoaştere2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) cunoştinţe3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) ştiinţă•- general knowledge -
69 push the envelope
•• * Выражение to push the envelope я слышал от американцев бесчисленное число раз – разумеется, в странном их произношении, где первый слог – как в слове uncle. Его этимология – авиационная. Источники указывают, что оно стало популярным после известного фильма по книге Тома Вульфа об американской космической программе The Right Stuff (в нашем прокате – «Парни что надо»). Один из словарей считает это выражение a corruption of the U.S. test pilots’ term for stretching the aerodynamic ‘envelope’ as they passed through Mach 1 and beyond. Corruption в данном случае – «искажение», хотя скорее мы имеем дело с дальнейшим развитием этого с самого начала метафорического выражения. Envelope в специфически авиационном значении, согласно другому источнику, refers to a plane’s performance capabilities. The limits of the plane’s ability to fly at speeds and altitudes and under certain stresses define what is known as its performance envelope. It’s an «envelope» in the sense that it contains the ranges of the plane’s abilities. Интересно русское соответствие этого термина, обнаруженное в интервью испытателя космических систем жизнеобеспечения Е. Кирюшина («Новая газета»): «Не один десяток раз выживал. Ради того, чтобы космонавты были живы потом, я должен был раздвигать так называемые рамки полетного режима. Мое дело – создавать коридор запаса для космонавта».
•• Наибольший интерес представляет употребление этого фразеологизма в контекстах, не имеющих к авиации никакого отношения. Перевод здесь может потребовать некоторой изобретательности. Вот пример из газеты Wall Street Journal:
•• Ads <...> seem to be pushing the envelope of taste every day – Похоже, в рекламе границы пристойного просто перестают существовать/Реклама постоянно нарушает границы хорошего вкуса, еще вчера казавшиеся незыблемыми.
•• Следующий пример из Washington Post:
•• Powell has been methodically pushing the envelope of the administration’s new willingness to publicly criticize Russia. – Госсекретарь, так сказать, «раздвигает границы возможного в критике России».
•• По-моему, вполне подходящим вариантом перевода было бы:
•• Пауэлл идет все дальше в критике России, которую в последнее время стала позволять себе администрация.
•• Можно и повычурнее (журналисты это любят):
•• <...> методично повышает градус критики в адрес России.
•• Наконец, пример из интервью Джона Апдайка, где pushing the envelope развивается и обыгрывается:
•• Once television began to steal away that middle-class audience, the movies seemed to get frantic: “What can we do that the TV can’t?” And so you’ve got spectacle on the one hand, and a constant pushing of the sexual envelope on the other – По мере того как средний класс все больше отдавал предпочтение телевидению, кино лихорадочно искало ответ на вопрос: «В чем мы можем перещеголять телевидение?». И ответ был найден: с одной стороны, зрелищность, с другой – постоянное расширение границ допустимого в показе секса.
•• Глагол to push в этом значении встречается также в словосочетании (вошедшем в словари) to push one’s luck: The Chancellor deserved his luck on the economy. On the public finances, he is pushing it. (Economist) Типичная для этого журнала отшлифованная, на грани афоризма фраза. В переводе трудно сохранить ту же лаконичность: Успех министра финансов в сфере экономики был заслуженным, хотя в чем-то ему просто повезло. Но в сфере государственных финансов он явно искушает судьбу. Видимо, можно говорить о самостоятельном значении глагола to push (to test the limits of something – испытывать или раздвигать пределы чего-либо).
English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > push the envelope
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70 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) γνώση2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) γνώσεις3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) γνώσεις, (το) επιστητό•- general knowledge -
71 другое-третье
(происходит, случается и т. п.)разг., шутл., ирон.a thing or two; this and that ( of love affairs)В нравах дамы города N были строги... Если же между ими и происходило какое-нибудь то, что называют другое-третье, то оно происходило втайне, так что не было подаваемо никакого вида, что происходило... (Н. Гоголь, Мёртвые души) — When it came to morals the ladies of the town of N - were strict... But if what is known as a thing or two did occur among them it occurred in secret, so that there was no hint whatsoever given of what was going on...
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72 knowledge
[ˈnɔlɪdʒ] noun1) the fact of knowing:مَعْرِفَهShe was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.
2) information or what is known:مَعْلوماتHe had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.
3) the whole of what can be learned or found out:عِلْمScience is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.
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73 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) connaissance2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) connaissances3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) savoir•- general knowledge -
74 knowledge
['noli‹]1) (the fact of knowing: She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prize in the competition.) conhecimento2) (information or what is known: He had a vast amount of knowledge about boats.) conhecimento3) (the whole of what can be learned or found out: Science is a branch of knowledge about which I am rather ignorant.) conhecimento•- general knowledge -
75 Fox, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1815 Bradfield, near Sheffield, Englandd. February 1887 Sheffield, England[br]English inventor of the curved steel umbrella frame.[br]Samuel Fox was the son of a weaver's shuttle maker in the hamlet of Bradwell (probably Bradfield, near Sheffield) in the remote hills. He went to Sheffield and served an apprenticeship in the steel trade. Afterwards, he worked with great energy and industry until he acquired sufficient capital to start in business on his own account at Stocksbridge, near Sheffield. It was there that he invented what became known as "Fox's Paragon Frame" for umbrellas. Whalebone or solid steel had previously been used for umbrella ribs, but whalebone was unreliable and steel was heavy. Fox realized that if he grooved the ribs he could make them both lighter and more elastic. In his first patent, taken out in 1852, he described making the ribs and stretchers of parasols and umbrellas from a narrow strip of steel plate partially bent into a trough-like form. He took out five more patents. The first, in 1853, was for strengthening the joints. His next two, in 1856 and 1857, were more concerned with preparing the steel for making the ribs. Another patent in 1857 was basically for improving the formation of the bit at the end of the rib where it was fixed to the stretcher and where the end of the rib has to be formed into a boss: this was so it could have a pin fixed through it to act as a pivot when the umbrella has to be opened or folded and yet support the rib and stretcher. The final patent, in 1865, reverted once more to improving the manufacture of the ribs. He made a fortune before other manufacturers knew what he was doing. Fox established a works at Lille when he found that the French import duties and other fiscal arrangements hindered exporting umbrellas and successful trading there, and was thereby able to develop a large and lucrative business.[br]Bibliography1852. British patent no. 14,055 (curved steel ribs and stretchers for umbrellas). 1853. British patent no. 739 (strengthened umbrella joints).1856. British patent no. 2,741 (ribs and stretchers for umbrellas). 1857. British patent no. 1,450 (steel wire for umbrellas).1857, British patent no. 1,857 (forming the bit attached to the ribs). 1865, British patent no. 2,348 (improvements in making the ribs).Further ReadingObituary, 1887, Engineer 63.Obituary, 1887, Iron 29.RLH -
76 q’alaj ch-e
adv.according to what is known or what can be seen -
77 возникать
•The repulsion between two electrons comes about from the exchange of photons.
•An earthquake is generated (or develops, or occurs) when two blocks...
•The potential appearing across the output terminal is...
•These forces arise from the displacement of the aileron.
•The methylamines are widely distributed in nature where they arise probably as the result of decomposition of...
•The strains that are brought about in steel during the hardening process...
•Planets may come into being (or existence, or may result) when small planetesimals fall together.
•Above 1000°F another process is coming into play.
•The pipe developed a leak ( в трубе возникла течь).
•Under such conditions, it is possible that a crack may develop in a furnace.
•All tools develop ( во всех инструментах возникают) residual internal stresses.
•Under these conditions a bias will be developed because of the flow of electrons from grid to ground.
•Problems invariably occur which call for...
•A wave originating at point can reach any of the several detectors.
•No known meteorites seem to have originated on the Moon.
•A model of this type can be changed many times during the construction as new problems present themselves.
•The temperature at which the disorder sets in is a function of...
•Chemistry grew out of the black magic of the dark ages and the alchemy of the middle ages.
•This definition came about because it simplified the study of control systems.
•A dispute which ensued between the two groups...
•These forces are generated in the earth's interior.
•Shear is produced in columns by () variation in...
II•Ultimately, a molecule similar to modern catalase came into existence.
•Brain tumours are not likely to arise from a mature neuron.
•Planets may result [or come into being (or existence)] when small planetesimals fall together.
•As a result there occurs what is known as the Cerenkov effect.
•These craters date back to a period of...
•Planets may evolve into existence when...
•Interest in developing... goes back to the 1950s.
•Such forces occur when...
•In our galaxy, supernovae occur once every 30 years or so.
•Three questions might come to mind about the properties of...
* * *Возникать -- to appear, to develop (появляться), to arise, to come into being; to emerge, to originate (о трудностях, вопросах)Several problems have arisen during the course of the work which have required system development.Did the Neolithic of southern Greece really come into being as abruptly as it now appears it did?To troubleshoot a scale system problem, first determine in which scale system element the problem originates.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возникать
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78 возникать
•The repulsion between two electrons comes about from the exchange of photons.
•An earthquake is generated (or develops, or occurs) when two blocks...
•The potential appearing across the output terminal is...
•These forces arise from the displacement of the aileron.
•The methylamines are widely distributed in nature where they arise probably as the result of decomposition of...
•The strains that are brought about in steel during the hardening process...
•Planets may come into being (or existence, or may result) when small planetesimals fall together.
•Above 1000°F another process is coming into play.
•The pipe developed a leak ( в трубе возникла течь).
•Under such conditions, it is possible that a crack may develop in a furnace.
•All tools develop ( во всех инструментах возникают) residual internal stresses.
•Under these conditions a bias will be developed because of the flow of electrons from grid to ground.
•Problems invariably occur which call for...
•A wave originating at point can reach any of the several detectors.
•No known meteorites seem to have originated on the Moon.
•A model of this type can be changed many times during the construction as new problems present themselves.
•The temperature at which the disorder sets in is a function of...
•Chemistry grew out of the black magic of the dark ages and the alchemy of the middle ages.
•This definition came about because it simplified the study of control systems.
•A dispute which ensued between the two groups...
•These forces are generated in the earth's interior.
•Shear is produced in columns by () variation in...
II•Ultimately, a molecule similar to modern catalase came into existence.
•Brain tumours are not likely to arise from a mature neuron.
•Planets may result [or come into being (or existence)] when small planetesimals fall together.
•As a result there occurs what is known as the Cerenkov effect.
•These craters date back to a period of...
•Planets may evolve into existence when...
•Interest in developing... goes back to the 1950s.
•Such forces occur when...
•In our galaxy, supernovae occur once every 30 years or so.
•Three questions might come to mind about the properties of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возникать
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79 открыть Америку
1) General subject: discover America2) Set phrase: queen Anne is dead!, say well-known truths3) Idiomatic expression: present as new what is known to everyone, queen ann is dead -
80 Casier judiciaire
put bluntly, a casier judiciaire is a criminal record. Every adult citizen in France has a casier judiciaire, but fortunately this does not mean that everyone in France has a criminal record in the English sense of the term. Most people have what is known as a 'casier judiciaire vierge', litterally a virgin criminal record, i.e. an empty criminal record or no criminal record. All information is held in a central database at Nantes; the information logged in a person's casier judiciaire includes sentences passed by the courts, information concerning personal bankruptcy, and certain civil or administrative penalties. This information is not public, but elements, known as an 'extrait de casier judiciaire' can be made available to the courts, or to the authorities, for example when a person is applying for a public sector job for which a clean record is required.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Casier judiciaire
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