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41 queen's ware
x. 크림빛의 Wedgwood 도자기 -
42 queensware
n. 크림색의 Wedgwood 도자기 -
43 ware
n. waar, plateelwerk, aardewerk; waren--------v. aardewerk; koopwaren--------v. voorzichtig![ weə]I 〈telbaar zelfstandig naamwoord; voornamelijk meervoud〉♦voorbeelden: -
44 Queensware
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45 Queen’s ware
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46 the Potteries
['pɔtərɪz]"Гонча́рни" (разговорное название г. Сток-он-Трент, графство Стаффордшир, где находятся известные фаянсовые и фарфоровые заводы компаний "Веджвуд" [Wedgwood], "Минтон" [ Minton], фирмы "Доултон" [Doulton] и др.)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > the Potteries
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47 queen's ware
['kwiːnzwɛə]кера́мика короле́вы (кремового цвета; компании "Веджвуд" [Wedgwood])English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > queen's ware
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48 wooden wedge
[,wudn'wedʒ]студ."деревя́нный клин" (последнее место на экзамене трайпос [ tripos] по классическим языкам в Кембриджском университете [ Cambridge University])игра слов: в год учреждения экзамена по классическим языкам (1824) последнее место на нём занял студент WedgwoodEnglish-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > wooden wedge
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49 Coade, Eleanor
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 24 June 1733 Exeter, Devon, Englandd. 18 November 1821 Camberwell, London, England[br]English proprietor of the Coade Factory, making artificial stone.[br]Born Elinor Coade, she never married but adopted, as was customary in business in the eighteenth century, the courtesy title of Mrs. Following the bankruptcy and death of her father, George Coade, in Exeter, Eleanor and her mother (also called Eleanor) moved to London and founded the works at Lambeth, South London, in 1769 that later became famous as the Coade factory. The factory was located at King's Arms Stairs, Narrow Wall. During the eighteenth century, several attempts had been made in other businesses to manufacture a durable, malleable artificial stone that would be acceptable to architects for decorative use. These substances were not very successful, but Coade stone was different. Although stories are legion about the secret formula supposedly used in this artificial stone, modern methods have established the exact formula.Coade stone was a stoneware ceramic material fired in a kiln. The body was remarkable in that it shrank only 8 per cent in drying and firing: this was achieved by using a combination of china clay, sand, crushed glass and grog (i.e. crushed and ground, previously fired stoneware). The Coade formula thus included a considerable proportion of material that, having been fired once already, was unshrinkable. Mrs Coade's name for the firm, Coade's Lithodipyra Terra-Cotta or Artificial Stone Manufactory (where "Lithodipyra" is a term derived from three Greek words meaning "stone", "twice" and "fire"), made reference to the custom of including such material (such as in Josiah Wedgwood's basalt and jasper ware). The especially low rate of shrinkage rendered the material ideal for making extra-life-size statuary, and large architectural, decorative features to be incorporated into stone buildings.Coade stone was widely used for such purposes by leading architects in Britain and Ireland from the 1770s until the 1830s, including Robert Adam, Sir Charles Barry, Sir William Chambers, Sir John Soane, John Nash and James Wyatt. Some architects introduced the material abroad, as far as, for example, Charles Bulfinch's United States Bank in Boston, Massachusetts, and Charles Cameron's redecoration for the Empress Catherine of the great palace Tsarkoe Selo (now Pushkin), near St Petersburg. The material so resembles stone that it is often mistaken for it, but it is so hard and resistant to weather that it retains sharpness of detail much longer than the natural substance. The many famous British buildings where Coade stone was used include the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, Carlton House and the Sir John Soane Museum (all of which are located in London), St George's Chapel at Windsor, Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, and Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, Scotland.Apart from the qualities of the material, the Coade firm established a high reputation for the equally fine quality of its classical statuary. Mrs Coade employed excellent craftsmen such as the sculptor John Bacon (1740–99), whose work was mass-produced by the use of moulds. One famous example which was widely reproduced was the female caryatid from the south porch of the Erechtheion on the acropolis of Athens. A drawing of this had appeared in the second edition of Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of Athens in 1789, and many copies were made from the original Coade model; Soane used them more than once, for example on the Bank of England and his own houses in London.Eleanor Coade was a remarkable woman, and was important and influential on the neo-classical scene. She had close and amicable relations with leading architects of the day, notably Robert Adam and James Wyatt. The Coade factory was enlarged and altered over the years, but the site was finally cleared during 1949–50 in preparation for the establishment of the 1951 Festival of Britain.[br]Further ReadingA.Kelly, 1990, Mrs Coade's Stone, pub. in conjunction with the Georgian Group (an interesting, carefully written history; includes a detailed appendix on architects who used Coade stone and buildings where surviving work may be seen).DY -
50 Cookworthy, William
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1705 Kings bridge, Devon, Englandd. 16 October 1780 Plymouth, England[br]English pioneer of porcelain manufacture in England.[br]The family fortunes having been extinguished by the South Sea Bubble of 1720, Cookworthy and his brother had to fend for themselves. They set up, and succeeded, in the pharmacy trade. At the age of 31, however, William left the business, and after a period of probation he became a minister in the Society of Friends. In a letter of 5 May 1745, Cookworthy mentions some samples of kaolin and china or growan stone that had been brought to him from Virginia. He found similar materials at Treginning Hill in Cornwall, and between 1755 and 1758 he found sufficiently pure china clay and china stone to make a pure white porcelain. Cookworthy took out a patent for his discovery in 1768 which covered the manufacture of porcelain from moonstone or growan and growan clay, with a glaze made from china stone to which lime and fern ash or magnesia alba (basic carbonate of magnesium) were added. Cookworthy's experiments had been carried out on the property of Lord Camelford, who later assisted him, in the company of other Quakers, in setting up a works at Coxside, Plymouth, to manufacture the ware; the works employed between fifty and sixty people. In the absence of coal, Cookworthy resorted to wood as fuel, but this was scarce, so in 1770 he transferred his operation to Castle Green, Bristol. However, he had no greater success there, and in 1773 he sold the entire interest in porcelain manufacture to Richard Champion (1743–91), although Cookworthy and his heirs were to receive royalties for ninety-nine years. Champion, who had been working with Cookworthy since 1764 and was active in Bristol city affairs, continued the firm as Richard Champion \& Co., but when in 1775 Champion tried to renew Cookworthy's patent, Wedgwood and other Staffordshire potters challenged him. After litigation, the use of kaolin and china stone was thrown open to general use. The Staffordshire potters made good use of this new-found freedom and Champion was forced to sell the patent to them and dispose of his factory the following year. The potters of Staffordshire said of Cookworthy, "the greatest service ever conferred by one person on the pottery manufacturers is that of making them acquainted with china clay".[br]Further ReadingW.Harrison, 1854, Memoir of William Cookworthy by His Grandson, London. F.S.Mackenna, 1946, Cookworthy's Plymouth and Bristol Porcelain, Leigh on Sea: Lewis.A.D.Selleck, 1978, Cookworthy 1705–80 and his Circle, privately published.LRD -
51 Domestic appliances and interiors
Biographical history of technology > Domestic appliances and interiors
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52 Paper and printing
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biro, Laszlo JoszefBi ShengCai LunKlic, KarolSong YingxingStanhope, Charles
См. также в других словарях:
Wedgwood — Wedgwood, strictly Josiah Wedgwood and Sons , is a British pottery firm, originally founded in 1759 by Josiah Wedgwood, which in 1987 merged with Waterford Crystal, creating Waterford Wedgwood, the Ireland based luxury brands group. The company… … Wikipedia
Wedgwood — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Emma Wedgwood (1808–1896), Ehefrau von Charles Darwin James Ingall Wedgwood (1883–1951), Gründer und erster Erzbischof der Liberalkatholischen Kirche Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795), englischer Unternehmer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
WEDGWOOD (J.) — WEDGWOOD JOSIAH (1730 1795) Principal représentant d’une importante dynastie de potiers anglais, Josiah Wedgwood, treizième enfant de Thomas Wedgwood, est né à Burslem (Staffordshire). Dès l’âge de neuf ans, il travaille à la poterie paternelle… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Wedgwood® — /wejˈwŭd/ noun Pottery made by Josiah Wedgwood (1730–95) and his successors, including a distinctive type with cameo reliefs in white on a coloured ground (also Wedgwood ware) Wedgwood blue noun A greyish blue colour much used in Wedgwood pottery … Useful english dictionary
Wedgwood™ — [Wedgwood] noun [U] fine English ↑pottery and ↑china made by the company established in 1759 by Josiah Wedgwood (1730–95) near ↑Stoke on Trent in ↑ … Useful english dictionary
Wedgwood [1] — Wedgwood (spr. Wedschwudd), Josiah, geb. 1730 in Staffordshire, der Sohn eines Töpfers, ergriff selbst dieses Handwerk, suchte aber den Gefäßen eine antike, bes. etruskische Form zu geben; namentlich stellte er im Verein mit Chryselius (John… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Wedgwood [2] — Wedgwood (spr. Wedschwudd), eine Art Steingut (s.d. a), nach dem Verbesserer desselben, Josiah Wedgwood, benannt. Man hat es von allen Farben; das strohgelbe heißt Bamboo, das blaugraue Basaltes, das gelblichweiße Biscuit od. Jasper… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Wedgwood [2] — Wedgwood (spr. ŭéddsch wudd), Josia h, der Schöpfer der englischen Tonwarenindustrie, geb. 12. Juli 1730 zu Burslem in Staffordshire, gest. 3. Jan. 1795 in Etruria, erlernte die Töpferei und bemühte sich um die Verbesserung des Materials und der… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
wedgwood — type of English pottery, 1787, from Josiah Wedgwood (1730 1795), English potter … Etymology dictionary
Wedgwood — ► NOUN 1) trademark ceramic ware made by the English potter Josiah Wedgwood (1730 95) and his successors, especially a kind of stoneware with white embossed cameos. 2) a powder blue colour characteristic of this stoneware … English terms dictionary
Wedgwood — [wej′wood΄] [after J. Wedgwood (1730 95), Eng potter] trademark for a fine English ceramic ware, typically with delicate neoclassic figures applied in a white, cameolike relief on a tinted background … English World dictionary