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101 India
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102 Diu, Battle of
(1509)One of the more decisive battles in world maritime history, it ended for 100 years real threats to Portugal's command of the Indian Ocean and helped establish naval hegemony in the Indian Ocean. Portugal's first viceroy in Portuguese India, Francisco de Almeida, sailed his fleet into Diu harbor and engaged an Egyptian and Gujerati fleet. On 2 February 1509, Almeida's fleet and soldiers destroyed the Muslim fleet. After the battle, the Muslim powers were unable to challenge Portugal's maritime strength for a considerable period. Not long afterward, Portugal added Diu to its port conquests, and that enclave in India remained a possession of Portugal until the invasion of Nehru's Indian army in December 1961. -
103 Lesseps, Ferdinand de
SUBJECT AREA: Canals[br]b. 19 November 1805 Versailles, Franced. 7 December 1894 La Chesnaye, near Paris, France[br]French diplomat and canal entrepreneur.[br]Ferdinand de Lesseps was born into a family in the diplomatic service and it was intended that his should be his career also. He was educated at the Lycée Napoléon in Paris. In 1825, aged 20, he was appointed an attaché to the French consulate in Lisbon. In 1828 he went to the Consulate-General in Tunis and in 1831 was posted from there to Egypt, becoming French Consul in Cairo two years later. For his work there during the plague in 1836 he was awarded the Croix de Chevalier in the Légion d'honneur. During this time he became very friendly with Said Mohammed and the friendship was maintained over the years, although there were no expectations then that Said would occupy any great position of authority.De Lesseps then served in other countries. In 1841 he had thought about a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, and he brooded over the idea until 1854. In October of that year, having retired from the diplomatic service, he returned to Egypt privately. His friend Said became Viceroy and he readily agreed to the proposal to cut the canal. At first there was great international opposition to the idea, and in 1855 de Lesseps travelled to England to try to raise capital. Work finally started in 1859, but there were further delays following the death of Said Pasha in 1863. The work was completed in 1869 and the canal was formally opened by the Empress Eugenic on 20 November 1869. De Lesseps was fêted in France and awarded the Grand Croix de la Légion d'honneur.He subsequently promoted the project of the Corinth Canal, but his great ambition in his later years was to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. This idea had been conceived by Spanish adventurers in 1514, but everyone felt the problems and cost would be too great. De Lesseps, riding high in popularity and with his charismatic character, convinced the public of the scheme's feasibility and was able to raise vast sums for the enterprise. He proposed a sea-level canal, which required the excavation of a 350 ft (107 m) cut through terrain; this eventually proved impossible, but work nevertheless started in 1881.In 1882 de Lesseps became first President d'-Honneur of the Syndicat des Entrepreneurs de Travaux Publics de France and was elected to the Chair of the French Academy in 1884. By 1891 the Panama Canal was in a disastrous financial crisis: a new company was formed, and because of the vast sums expended a financial investigation was made. The report led to de Lesseps, his son and several high-ranking government ministers and officials being charged with bribery and corruption, but de Lesseps was a very sick man and never appeared at the trial. He was never convicted, although others were, and he died soon after, at the age of 89, at his home.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCroix de Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1836; Grand Croix 1869.Further ReadingJohn S.Pudney, 1968, Suez. De Lesseps' Canal, London: Dent.John Marlowe, 1964, The Making of the Suez Canal, London: Cresset.JHB -
104 india
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105 8908
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106 8910
1. LAT Limenitis populi Linnaeus2. RUS ленточник m тополёвый3. ENG poplar admiral, great viceroy4. DEU großer Eisvogel m, Aspenfalter m5. FRA grand sylvain m, papillon m du tremble, nymphale m du peuplier
См. также в других словарях:
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Viceroy — ist eine Zigarettenmarke der R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Sie wurde 1936 als Filterzigarette auf den Markt gebracht. Heute wird sie vor allem in Rumänien, dem Nahen Osten, Argentinien und der Türkei verkauft … Deutsch Wikipedia
viceroy — index plenipotentiary Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
viceroy — (n.) person ruling as representative of a sovereign, 1520s, from M.Fr. vice roy, from O.Fr. vice deputy (see VICE (Cf. vice )) + roi king, from L. regem (nom. rex); see REX (Cf. rex). The species of American butterfly so called from 1881 … Etymology dictionary
viceroy — Viceroy, ou Viroy, Prorex, qua forma dicimus Propraetor et Proconsul … Thresor de la langue françoyse
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viceroy — [vīs′roi΄] n. [MFr < vice (see VICE ) + roy, king < L rex: see REGAL] 1. a person ruling a country, province, or colony as the deputy of a sovereign ☆ 2. an American butterfly (Limenitis archippus) of striking orange and black coloring,… … English World dictionary
Viceroy — For other uses, see Viceroy (disambiguation). Royal and noble ranks Emperor Empress King Queen … Wikipedia
viceroy — viceroyship, n. /vuys roy/, n. 1. a person appointed to rule a country or province as the deputy of the sovereign: the viceroy of India. 2. a brightly marked American butterfly, Limenitis archippus, closely mimicking the monarch butterfly in… … Universalium
