(usu+before

    ex or (only before consonants) ē    praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in).    I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.—    II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.—    III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.—    IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.).

    atque or (only before consonants) ac conj.    [ad + que], and (like - que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike - que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated).    I. Copulative.    A. Connecting single words and expressions, and, as well as, together with: restituam ac reddam, T.: infamia atque indignitas rei, Cs.: honesta atque inhonesta, S.: parere atque imperare iuxta, L.: acies in speciem simul ac terrorem constiterat, Ta.—Poet. for et... et: Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater, V.—Very rarely after one or more words of its phrase: hederā Gaudere pullā atque myrto, H.—In the phrases: unus atque alter, one and another, one or two, S.: alius atque alius, one and another, successive: aliā atque aliā de causā, L.: etiam atque etiam, again and again, repeatedly: semel atque iterum: iterum atque iterum, V.: huc atque illuc, hither and thither: longe atque late, far and wide.—Adding an emphatic expression, and in fact, and that too, and even, and indeed, and in particular: iter in provinciam nostram atque Italiam, Cs.: dis inmortalibus gratia atque ipsi Iovi: hebeti ingenio atque nullo: res tanta atque tam atrox, S.: Py. cognoscitne? Ch. Ac memoriter, yes, and that too, etc., T.: uno atque eo perexiguo tempore, and that too: atque eo magis, and so much the more: atque id eo magis, and that the more, Cs.: duabus missis cohortibus, atque his primis, etc., Cs. — With adeo or etiam: consilium atque adeo amentia, and in fact: cupide accipiat atque etiam bene dicat, and even, T.: atque adeo etiam, and even, L. —    B. Connecting closely related thoughts, and so, and even, and... too (usu. beginning the clause): atque eccum! and there he is too! T.: Africanus indigens mei? Minime... ac ne ego quidem illius, and I too am not: Punicā religione servata fides est, atque in vincula omnes coniecit, L.—After a word in its clause: funus atque imagines ducant, etc., H.— Adding an emphatic clause: exsules adlicere coepit: ac tantam sibi auctoritatem comparaverat, etc., Cs.: vos pro libertate non... nitemini? atque eo vehementius, quod, etc., S.—With a negative: si fidem habeat... ac non id metuat, ne, etc., and does not rather, T.: quasi nunc id agatur, quis... ac non hoc quaeratur: ut civem, ac non potius ut hostem.—Adding an adversative clause, and yet, and nevertheless: Quibus nunc sollicitor rebus!... atque ex me hic natus non est, T.: non dicere pro nobis possunt; atque haec a nobis petunt omnia: nihil praeterea est magno opere dicendum. ac tamen... pauca etiam nunc dicam. —In transitions, etc.: locum delegerunt. ac primo adventu, etc., Cs.: Atque ea diversa, dum geruntur, V.: Atque hic tantus vir, N.: nomen ei iugo Alpium inditum transgressum, L.—    II. After words of comparison, as, than, than as: nihil aeque atque illam vim requirit: neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit: pariter ac si hostes adessent, S.: castra movere iuxta ac si hostes adessent, S.: proinde ac de hominum est vitā merita: cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus, N.: similiter atque ipse eram commotus: fit aliud atque existimaris: aliter causam agi atque iste existimaret: non secus ac si meus esset frater: simulacrum contra atque antea fuerat convertere: simul atque adsedisti: haud minus ac iussi faciunt, V.: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, H.

    sub    (in composition sometimes sus- or sū-), praep. with acc. and abl.    I. With abl., of position in space, under, below, beneath, underneath, behind: sub terrā habitare: cultrum sub veste abditum habere, L.: sub pellibus hiemare, Cs.: manet sub Iove frigido Venator, H.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, L.: Pone (me) sub curru Solis, H. —Under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before: sub monte considere, Cs.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus: sub urbe, T.: Monte sub aërio, at, i. e. high upon, V.: sub ipsā acie, in the midst of the fight, V.: sub ipso Ecce volat Diores, close upon him, V.: sub oculis domini, Cs.—Under, burdened by, hampered by, bearing: sub armis, Cs.: sub onere, Cs.—Of time, in, within, during, at, by, in the time of: ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum inrumperent, Cs.: sub luce, at dawn, O.: sub luce videri, by daylight, H.: hoc sub casu, while suffering, V.: sub Domitiano, during the reign of, Ta.—Fig., under, subject to, in the power of, governed by: sub regno esse: quoius sub imperiost, T.: sub illorum dicione esse, Cs.: sub Hannibale, L.: sub iudice lis est, H.: venibit sub praecone Propontis, i. e. at auction.—Under, compelled by (poet.): exhalans sub volnere vitam, O.: quem falsā sub proditione Demisere neci, overwhelmed by, V.: in arma nullo sub indice veni, forced by no betrayer, O.—Under, concealed by, hidden in: sub hoc verbo furtum latet.—Rarely with specie or condicione (for the abl. alone): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, L.: sub tutelae specie, Cu.: sub condicione, L.: sub condicionibus, L.—    II. With acc., of direction of motion, under, below, beneath: cum se luna sub orbem solis subiecisset: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Cs.: Ibis sub furcam, H.—Under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards: sub montem succedere, Cs.: missi sunt sub muros, L.: aedīs suas detulit sub Veliam: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, O.—Of time, before, on the approach of, towards, about, just before, up to, until: sub noctem naves solvit, Cs.: sub tempus (comitiorum) pueros ablegavit, L.: sub lumina prima, H.: sub dies festos: Usque sub extremum brumae imbrem, V.: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, L.—After, immediately after, following, just after, immediately upon: sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, L.: sub hoc, hereupon, H.—Fig., under, into subjection to, into the power of: sub legum potestatem cadere: matrimonium vos sub legis vincula conicitis, L.: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Cu.: quae sub sensūs subiecta sunt.—    III. In composition, sub is unchanged before vowels and before b, d, h, i consonant, l, n, s, t, v. The b is often assimilated before m, r, and usu. before c, f, g, p, but the form sus (for * subs, cf. abs) is found in suscenseo, suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustento, sustineo, sustollo, and sustuli (perf. of tollo); the form su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro. It denotes, in place, under, beneath, as in subdo, subicio.—Fig., in rank or power, under, inferior, as in subigo, subcenturio.—In degree, less, a little, somewhat, as in subabsurdus, subaccuso.—Secretly, underhandedly, as in subripio, suborno. I II

خَطَأً \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. wrongly: (before or after a past participle) incorrectly: The word eihgt is wrongly spelt (or spelt wrongly).

خَطَأً \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. wrongly: (before or after a past participle) incorrectly: The word eihgt is wrongly spelt (or spelt wrongly).

خَطَأً \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. wrongly: (before or after a past participle) incorrectly: The word eihgt is wrongly spelt (or spelt wrongly).

خَطَأً \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. wrongly: (before or after a past participle) incorrectly: The word eihgt is wrongly spelt (or spelt wrongly).

خَطَأً \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. wrongly: (before or after a past participle) incorrectly: The word eihgt is wrongly spelt (or spelt wrongly).

В ДОБРЫЙ ПУТЬ! formula phrase Invar fixed WO the best of luck! all the best! I wish you luck! (as a wish for a successful trip only) have a good (safe, nice) trip have a safe journey! Godspeed (good speed) (to you)!

ЗАКРЫВАТЬ/ЗАКРЫТЬ СЧЁТ VP X settled his account.

حَقًّا \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. indeed: coming after an adj. or adv. and giving special force to very: Thank you very much indeed. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!, used as an expression of surprise I’ve left my job. "Really?" (a polite inquiry) "you’ve broken a window? Really! You should be more careful." (an angry answer). simply: (usu. before a stressed word) really; certainly: What a simply wonderful idea! You simply must get a new coat. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?.

عَنْ \ about: concerning: This is a book about snakes. for: instead of: I’m busy, so please do it for me. from: showing separation, distance, etc.: He took it away from her. He was far from home. of: (after an adj.) showing separation; from: a mile north of the town; free of trouble, (after an adj. or verb) concerning. off: (showing removal or separation) from: He jumped off his horse. She took her coat off the hook, (of movement) away from The car turned off the road into a field. on: (showing the subject) about; Is this a book on birds?. \ عَنْ بُعْد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ عَنْ رِضًى \ readily: willingly. \ عَنْ طَرِيق \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We travel by land (or by car). We did that by mistake. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. care of: (often written c/o) at the address of: Write to me c/o the George Hotel. through: by means of; as a result of: I heard the news through a friend. He lost his way through having no map. via: by way of; passing through: We flew from London to Geneva via Paris. \ عَنْ طَرِيق (خِلالَ)‏ \ by: (showing the way used) along; across; over; through: He came by the main road (or by the fields or by the bridge). \ عَنْ طَرِيق الخَطَأ \ by mistake: not on purpose; not meaning to do wrong: I took the wrong coat by mistake. in error: by mistake: I stuck the stamp upsidedown in error. mistakenly: adv. (usu. before the verb) by mistake: He mistakenly put petrol in the water container. \ عَنْ طِيب خاطِر \ readily; willingly: gladly; readily. \ عَنْ عَمْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air. \ عَنْ قَريب \ presently: soon: Dinner will be ready presently. soon: in a short time: We shall be ready quite soon. He jumped into bed and was soon asleep. \ عَنْ قَصْد \ on purpose: intentionally; not by mistake or by chance: I left the window open on purpose, to let in some fresh air.

حَقًّا \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. indeed: coming after an adj. or adv. and giving special force to very: Thank you very much indeed. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!, used as an expression of surprise I’ve left my job. "Really?" (a polite inquiry) "you’ve broken a window? Really! You should be more careful." (an angry answer). simply: (usu. before a stressed word) really; certainly: What a simply wonderful idea! You simply must get a new coat. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?.

حَقًّا \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. indeed: coming after an adj. or adv. and giving special force to very: Thank you very much indeed. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!, used as an expression of surprise I’ve left my job. "Really?" (a polite inquiry) "you’ve broken a window? Really! You should be more careful." (an angry answer). simply: (usu. before a stressed word) really; certainly: What a simply wonderful idea! You simply must get a new coat. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?.

حَقًّا \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. indeed: coming after an adj. or adv. and giving special force to very: Thank you very much indeed. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!, used as an expression of surprise I’ve left my job. "Really?" (a polite inquiry) "you’ve broken a window? Really! You should be more careful." (an angry answer). simply: (usu. before a stressed word) really; certainly: What a simply wonderful idea! You simply must get a new coat. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?.