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1 TOWARDS
ana, na, an (for); (prefix:) ana- (to). Very often, Quenya would use the allative case in -nna to express “towards”. –NĀ -
2 TO, TOWARDS
ana, na, an (for, till); (prefix:) ana-. English "to, towards, –wards" will often be rendered by the allative ending -nna, pl -nnar, as in Elenna "Starwards" (Elen + [n]na). The dative case in -n may also express “to” or “for” in English, and shares the same origin as the preposition na. –NĀ, Plotz letter, UT:432, Silm:313, VT49:14 -
3 AGAINST
According to VT44:26, Tolkien in some documents glosses apa or pá as "touching, against", but apa is normally the preposition "after" instead (see AFTER). The allative case in -nna is normally sufficient to express motion towards or against something. Possibly this ending can also take on the meaning of “against” with connotations of enmity and confrontation, as when the pl. allative valannar is used in the phrase *“made war on/against the Valar” (LR:47). -
4 DIRECT TOWARD
(or “be directed toward”) tenta, pa.t. tentanë (perhaps in the sense “directed toward”, transitive, attested in the phrase tentanë numenna “pointed westward”), also tenantë (perhaps in the sense “was directed toward”, intransitive). Used transitively, the verb can also mean “go forth towards” (with the thing approached as direct object). –VT49:23 -
5 FORTH
et- (prefix) (out). Also attested with various pronominal suffixes, e.g. etel or etelyë *”out of you”. GO FORTH TOWARDS tenta-, pa.t. tentanë (with the thing approached as direct object). –ET, VT49:12, 23 -
6 GO
lelya- or lenna- (pa.t. lendë in both cases; the printed Etymologies gives "linna" instad of lenna-, but according to VT45:27 this is a misreading) (proceed, travel); \#men- (attested in the aorist: menë "goes"), vanya- (pa.t. vannë) (depart, disappear – it may be that Tolkien abandoned the verb vanya-, if it is regarded as the conceptual predecessor of auta-, see GO AWAY below), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return; the Silmarillion Appendix also mentions “encircle” as a meaning of the root PEL, cf. also “Qenya” pele- “surround, fence in, pen in”; pa.t. pellë given, QL:73). GO OVER, see CROSS. GO ATHWART tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t. oantë, perf. oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" – less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl. avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. GO FORTH TOWARDS (with the thing approached as direct object) tenta-, pa.t. tentanë (the verb can also mean “direct toward” or “be directed toward”, in the intransitive tense apparently with the pa.t. tenantë). CAUSE TO GO (in a desired direction) menta- (send), GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! – also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) LET GO lerya- (release, set free), sen- (let loose, free) –WJ:363, LED/VT45:27, VT47:11, 30, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, VT41:5, VT49:23, WJ:366, VT41:5, VT43:18
См. также в других словарях:
Towards — To wards, prep. & adv. See {Toward}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
towards — [tôrdz; tōrdz, tō′ərdz; twôrdz; too wôrdz′, təwôrdz′] prep. 〚ME towardes < OE toweardes < toweard + adv. gen. ( e)s〛 TOWARD * * * to·wards (tôrdz, tōrdz, tə wôrdzʹ) prep. Variant of toward. adj. Variant of toward. * * * … Universalium
towards — (chiefly N. Amer. also toward) ► PREPOSITION 1) in the direction of. 2) getting nearer to (a time or goal). 3) in relation to. 4) contributing to the cost of. ORIGIN Old English … English terms dictionary
towards — [tôrdz; tōrdz, tō′ərdz; twôrdz; too wôrdz′, təwôrdz′] prep. [ME towardes < OE toweardes < toweard + adv. gen. ( e)s] TOWARD … English World dictionary
towards — [[t]təwɔ͟ː(r)dz, AM tɔ͟ːrdz[/t]] ♦ (in AM and sometimes in BRIT, use toward) 1) PREP If you move, look, or point towards something or someone, you move, look, or point in their direction. Caroline leant across the table towards him... Anne left… … English dictionary
towards */*/*/ — UK [təˈwɔː(r)dz] / US [təˈwɔrdz] preposition 1) in a particular direction used for saying in which direction someone or something is going, facing, or looking a stream of traffic speeding towards West London I saw Joanna hurrying towards me along … English dictionary
towards — to|wards W1S1 [təˈwo:dz US to:rdz, two:rdz] prep especially BrE to|ward [təˈwo:d US to:rd, two:rd] especially AmE ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(direction)¦ 2¦(producing a result)¦ 3¦(feeling/attitude)¦ 4¦(help pay for)¦ 5¦(before)¦ 6¦(near)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1.) … Dictionary of contemporary English
towards — especially BrE to.ward especially AmE preposition 1 moving, looking, or pointing in a particular direction: He noticed two policemen coming towards him. | All the windows face toward the river. | He was standing with his back towards me. 2 if you … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
towards*/*/*/ — [təˈwɔːdz] preposition 1) going, facing, or looking in a particular direction I saw Joanna hurrying towards me.[/ex] Victor was standing with his back towards me.[/ex] a path leading towards the river[/ex] 2) used when saying how you feel about… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
Towards — Toward To ward, Towards To wards, prep.[AS. ? impending, imminent, future, toward, ? towards. See {To}, and {ward}, {wards}.] 1. In the direction of; to. [1913 Webster] He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1. [1913 Webster] The waves … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
towards — /təˈwɔdz / (say tuh wawdz), /tɔdz / (say tawdz) preposition 1. in the direction of (with reference to either motion or position): to walk towards the north. 2. with respect to; as regards: one s attitude towards a proposition. 3. nearly as late… …
