-
61 package
агрегат; блок; узел; упаковка; контейнер; комплексная установка, комплект; набор; аппаратураpackage of the satellites — блок [группа, связка] спутников
-
62 branch
ветвь, ответвление; участок; патрубок; отдел, отделениеGuidance and Navigation branch — НАСА отделение управления [наведения] и навигации
-
63 command
командование; управление; часть; соединение; команда; приказание; командный сигнал, сигнал управления; командовать; управлять; подавать командыabsolute command of the air — господство [абсолютное превосходство] в воздухе
Central Allied Tactical Air command — объединённое тактическое авиационное командование ВВС НАТО на Центрально-европейском театре
control surface rate command — командный сигнал угловой скорости отклонения руля [поверхности управления]
vernier engine thrust command — ркт. команда на изменение тяги корректирующих двигателей
-
64 system
1) система; комплекс2) метод; способ3) канал•- acoustic alarm system
- acoustic image system
- acoustic systems
- actiontrack system
- active IR-system
- actuator system
- adaptive communication system
- adaptive teleinformation system
- adaptive telemetering system
- advanced information system
- Afsatcom system
- air system
- aircraft intercommunication system
- airfield communication system
- air-ground automatic system
- airline reservation system
- air-to-ground TV system
- alarm signal system
- alarm system
- all-channel signaling system
- ALL-IN-ONE system
- alphanumeric system
- amplified speaker system
- amplitude shift-keying system
- AMPS system
- analog cellular communication system
- analog cellular system
- analog component video system
- analog television system
- analog tropospheric system
- anisochronous system
- antenna system
- antitheft system
- AR system
- Arabsat system
- ASK system
- associated channel analog system
- asynchronous address communication system
- audio recording system
- Aurora system
- Aussat system
- automatic communication system
- automatic connection establishment system
- automatic control system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic telegraphy system
- automatic telephone system
- automatic tuning system
- automatized cellular system
- auxiliary alarm system
- balanced cable transmission system
- band sharing system
- base station system
- baseband system
- basic input/output system
- bass-reflex speaker system
- batch processing system
- batch transmission system
- batch-and-forward system
- batteryless system
- bilateral CTV system
- binary tariff system
- biocontrol system
- bit parallel interface system
- bit transport system
- bridge duplex system
- broadband mobile system
- broadcast satellite system
- broadcasting delivery media systems
- burglar alarm system
- byte-serial interface system
- cabinet system
- cabinetless system
- cable distribution system
- cable TV system
- call-accounting system
- call-answering system
- call-counting system
- call-distributing system
- call-processing system
- call-queueing system
- camp-on system
- CAPTAIN system
- car component audio system
- carrier reinsertion system
- carrier system
- carrier-communication system
- carrier-current communication system
- Cassegrain-Schmidt system
- cassette recording system
- cassette reproducing system
- CATRIN system
- caution system
- CD 900 system
- cellular system
- cellular-radio system
- central-battery system
- centralized control system
- chirp binary telegraph system
- cipher system
- circuit switched telecommunication system
- circuit switching telecommunication system
- circular telecontrol system
- clock system
- closed-circuit communication system
- closed-circuit telegraph system
- closed-numbering system
- code-dependent system
- code-division multiple access system
- code-independent system
- code-insensitive system
- code-sensitive system
- coding system
- coherent fiber-optic system
- collimating system
- collocated system
- color separating system
- combined numbering system
- combined power supply system
- combined satellite communication system
- common-battery system
- common-carrier system
- common-channel signaling system
- common-engineering communication system
- common-purpose cellular system
- common-using band system
- common-using cordless telephone system
- common-using paging system
- communication system
- communication traffic system
- communications system
- community antenna system
- community antenna television system
- community TV-system
- commununication switching system
- compact disk digital audio system
- compatible color television system
- compatible single sideband system
- compatible single-band system
- compatible TV-system
- complex radio communication system
- computer vision system
- computer-telephone system
- Comsar system
- Comsat system
- Conax system
- concentrated-insonation system
- conference system
- conference-communication system
- congested system
- congress-class system
- constant-current system
- control generating system
- conventional television system
- Conversant system
- cordless-communication system
- crossbar system
- crossed-coincident microphone system
- Crosspoint system
- CSE system
- C-system
- cubical video projecting system
- data processing system
- data system
- data transport system
- data-collection system
- data-compression system
- data-exchange system
- dataflow system
- data-gathering system
- data-handling system
- data-measuring system
- data-reduction system
- data-transmission system
- Decca Navigator system
- DECfax system
- decision-feedback system
- dedicated control channel system
- dedicated multimedia system
- delta-sigma system
- deluxe presentation system
- departmental communication system
- desktop-video system
- DFS/Copernicus system
- dial-telephone system
- differential phase shift-keying system
- differential-duplex system
- differential-magnetic system
- digital camera system
- digital hybrid-key telephone system
- digital mass storage system
- digital microwave radio transmission system
- digital telephone communication system
- digital transmission system
- digital TV-communication system
- Digital UNIX system
- digital-analog system
- digital-cellular system
- digital-data modulation system
- digital-effect system
- digital-message entry system
- digital-termination system
- direct-broadcasting satellite system
- directing system
- direct-modulation system
- direct-sequence system
- direct-telephone communication system
- discrete communication system
- discrete sound system
- discrete-addressing system
- disk-operating system
- DISOSS system
- dispatch telephone communication system
- dispatch-center system
- dispersed-insonation system
- distributed-insonation system
- distributed-processing system
- documental-type communication system
- Dolby systems
- domestic satellite communication system
- double-band telephone communication system
- double-channel transmission system
- double-current transmission system
- double-pole communication system
- double-sideband large carrier system
- DSCS system
- D-system
- dual-cable system
- dual-reflector system
- duplexed system
- Earth-to-space transmission system
- ECM system
- electric communication system
- electronic antishock system
- electronic data-gathering system
- electronic data-processing system
- electronic-message system
- electronic-scanning system
- electronic-switching system
- Ellipso system
- emergency telephone communication system
- emergency-broadcast system
- EMX system
- equidistant system
- error-correction system
- error-detection system
- Eutelsat system
- extensible system
- external paging system
- facsimile system
- fast-acting servicing system
- fault-tolerant system
- fax communication system
- fax transmitting system
- feed system
- fiber transmission system
- fiber-optic transmission system
- field-sequential system
- final mile system
- finishing system
- fire alarm system
- fire warning system
- first generation cellular system
- five-channel communication system
- fixed satellite system
- Flexcam system
- flexible access system
- Flitsatcom system
- focusing system
- four-channel sound system
- four-dimensional system
- four-wire telephone communication system
- frame-sequential system
- frequency shift-keying system
- frequency-carrier system
- frequency-control system
- front-bass reflex speaker system
- fully digital system
- gate system
- Gaussian system
- generalized system
- generating dynamic system
- generator-dc-motor system
- GIGASET radio system
- global positioning system
- Global system
- Gopher system
- grandfathered system
- group-alerting and dispatching system
- guide system
- hard-wired CCTV system
- hazard system
- helical-scan system
- HF-synchronizing system
- high-precision navigating system
- Hi-linear system
- home system
- home-telephone system
- home-type system
- homing-guidance system
- host system
- hydroacoustic system
- ideal communication system
- idealized system
- image informaion system
- image-forming system
- immedial servicing system
- incompatible system
- independent system
- information retrieval system
- information system radio system
- information system
- information-feedback system
- information-measuring system
- infrared alarm system
- Inmarsat system
- Inmarsat-A system
- Inmarsat-B system
- Inmarsat-C system
- Inmarsat-D system
- Inmarsat-M system
- Inmarsat-P system
- integrated telephone system
- integrated videographic teleconferencing system
- integrated-antenna system
- integrated-communication system
- integrated-modulation system
- integrated-office system
- Intelsat system
- interactive system
- intercarrier-sound system
- intercommunication system
- intercontinental tropospheric system
- interlock system
- intermachine exchange system
- intermediate system
- international communication system
- interphone system
- Intervision system
- intraband signaling system
- intruder alarm system
- inward-outward dialing system
- ionoscatter system
- ionosphere sounder system
- ionospheric system
- Iridium system
- isolated system
- Italsat system
- J-carrier system
- joint-multichannel trunking and switching system
- K-carrier system
- key system
- key-telephone system
- land satellite communication system
- large-grained communication system
- laser communication system
- L-band satellite system
- L-carrier system
- Leasat system
- lightning protection system
- limited distortion system
- line amplifiers system
- link system
- little-channel relay system
- local alarm system
- local battery system
- local communication system
- local radio paging system
- long-haul system
- long-range system
- loop system
- loud-speaking communication system
- low-traffic system
- magnetic tape recording system
- Mail system
- management-information system
- manual cellular system system
- manual telephone set system
- Marisat system
- master television system
- master-antenna television system
- matrix sound system
- message feedback system
- message procession system
- message registration system
- message-switched system
- meteor radio system
- Metrobus system
- micro component system
- Micro Press Cluster Printing system
- micro-lens system
- microprocessor system
- microwave relay system
- midi system
- mine radio telephone system
- mini system
- mixed media system
- mixed numbering system
- mobile cellular communication system
- mobile land communication system
- mobile radio system
- mobile relay system
- mobile system
- modulated system
- monetary mobile system
- MS-Mail system
- multiareal system
- multicassette system
- multichannel telephone system
- multicomputer system
- multidisk system
- multiformat recording system
- multifrequency tone signaling system
- multiguard system
- multilevel mixed system
- multimedia system
- multiple-channel system
- multiqueue system
- Multiscrypt system
- multistandard system
- multitrack editing system
- mutibeam antenna system
- muting system
- Nagravision system
- NAMTS system
- narrow-angle TV system
- national communication system
- navigation system
- n-channel communication system
- n-channel DPSK system
- n-channel transmission system
- network standalone system
- network system
- network-operation system
- networks numbering system
- neutral direct-current telegraph system
- n-head video system
- NMT system
- noise-reduction system
- nonhoming tuning system
- noninterlaced television system
- nonsegmented system
- Norsat system
- n-satellite system system
- n-tone DPSK system
- n-tone MFSK system
- NTSC system
- NTT system
- obligatory message system
- Odyssey system
- off-line system
- on-line computer system
- on-line secured system
- open numbering system
- open system
- operative-engineering communication system
- opposite signals system
- optical-communication system
- optical-information system
- optical-projection system
- optoelectronic system
- oscillating system
- oscillation system
- outband signaling system
- package-and-resource tracking system
- pagemaster system
- paging system
- PAL system
- parametric system
- PATHWORKS system
- pattern recognition system
- personal holding guard system
- phase shift-keying system
- phone system
- Piccolo system
- pilot-controller system
- polar direct-current telegraph system
- portable mobile system
- power control system
- power controlling system
- power-line carrier system
- power-supply system
- press-to-talk system
- Prestel system
- primary-supply system
- privacy system
- private branch paging system
- private movable system
- private videodata system
- private videotex system
- process-interface system
- PROFS system
- programmable cross-connect system
- programmable cross-connected system
- programmed radio system
- prompting system
- protected wireline distribution system
- protection system
- pseudoquadraphony system
- pseudotrunking system
- public videodata system
- public videotex system
- pulse-code system
- pulse-frequency system
- pulse-time system
- quadraphonic sound system
- quadruple-diversity system
- R1 system
- R2 system
- radio buoy system
- radio command system
- radio communication system
- Radio Data system
- radio facsimile system
- Radiocom 2000 system
- radio-control system
- radio-paging system
- radio-relay system
- radiosonde-radio-wind system
- radio-telemetering system
- real time pulse-echo system
- real time system
- receiver lockout system
- recording system
- recovery system
- redundant system
- reference-information system
- regional electronic payment system
- relay-radio system
- remote concentrating system
- remote control system
- remote diagnostic system
- remote information system
- remote semiconcentrating system
- remote sensing system
- remote signaling system
- rendering system
- rerecording system
- reserved servicing system
- RF/Transmission system
- rotary system
- safety alarm system
- safety system
- Satcom system
- satellite comminication system
- satellite marine comminication system
- Satellite Master Antenna Television system
- satellite radio system
- satellite-aircraft communication system
- SB-communication system
- SBL communication system
- scalable system
- scanning trunking system
- SCO UNIX system
- searchless identification system
- seat reservation system
- SECAM system
- second generation cellular system
- second room system
- secondary supply system
- secrecy system
- section communication system
- security system
- segmented system
- seismic system
- selective calling system
- selective frequency base station system
- selective protective system
- selective telephone system
- self-adjusting system
- self-balancing differential system
- self-contained system
- self-test system
- selsyn system
- semiautomatic-switching system
- semiautomatized cellular system
- sensory system
- servo system
- shadow-batch system
- short-haul microwave system
- Sicral system
- Sigma Servo system
- signal system
- simplex movable system
- single-band transmission system
- single-busbar system
- single-cable communication system
- single-cable system
- single-channel system
- single-current transmission system
- single-pulse tracking system
- Skynet system
- small-grained communication system
- SmarTrunk II radio communication system
- solid-state uninterruptible power battery system
- Sony bus system
- sound alarm system
- sound equalization system
- sound navigation system
- sound reinforcement system
- sound warning system
- space-division system
- space-switched system
- spark-safe system
- speaker system
- special communication system
- speech-processing system
- speech-recognition system
- split-speaker system
- spread-spectrum system
- stabilizing system
- stage monitoring system
- standalone double point system
- star-circuit system
- STAREX CMX system
- starting communication system
- start-stop system
- stationary satellite system
- step-by-step system
- stereo sound system
- stereophonic sound system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- Strowger system
- submarine fiber-optic system
- subprimary digital transmission system
- subscriber carrier system
- subscriber switching system
- suffix system
- Supersat system
- supervisory control system
- surround sound system
- switched telecommunication system
- switching system
- sync communication system
- synchro system
- synchronous communication system
- synchronous digital system
- TAGS system
- tandem system
- tariffication system
- T-carrier system
- TDF system
- teleautomatic system
- Telecom system
- telecommunication system
- telecommunications system
- telecommunication-service priority system
- telecommunications-service priority system
- telecontrol system
- telemechanic system
- telemetering system
- telemetry system
- telephone system
- telephone-answering system
- telephone-communication system
- telephone-communications system
- teleprocessing system
- Telesat system
- teletex system
- teletypewriter system
- television-telephone system
- Tele-X system
- Telsar system
- terminal system
- terrestrial radio-relay system
- theft-prevention system
- thin-route system
- third generation communication system
- three-axle stabilizing system
- three-channel HF-telephone system
- three-channel transmission system
- three-color system
- three-lens optical system
- three-primary system
- three-wire system
- time-dissemination system
- time-frequency hopping system
- time-switched system
- total access communication system
- total area coverage system
- transmission system
- trichromatic system
- triple-interlace system
- triplex system
- trunk communication system
- TV-observation system
- twelve-channel transmission system
- two-arm system
- two-band system
- two-color system
- two-roller transfer system
- two-step control system
- two-way CATV system
- two-way system
- two-wire telephone communication system
- ultra-match system
- ULTRIX system
- unified radioaccess system
- unilateral-control system
- unilateral-synchronization system
- uninterruptible-power system
- Unisat system
- universal alarm system
- universal-battery system
- universal-electronic system
- universal-movable system
- Uniworks system
- vestigial-sideband system
- video editing system
- video home system
- video recording system
- videocom system
- videoteleconference system
- videotex system
- virtual studio system
- vision system
- vocoder system
- voice dialog system
- voice frequency carrier telegraph system
- voice modulation system
- voice post system
- volume control system
- waiting system
- warning system
- watch system
- watching system
- waterside facsimile communication system
- wave-propagating system
- wide-angle TV system
- Winfax Pro system
- wired broadcasting system
- wireless CCTV system
- wireless home system
- wireless infrared speaker system
- wire-radio communication system
- XY system
- zone-selective protection system
- zoning systemEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > system
-
65 AEGIS
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. A European Genebank Integration System2) Медицина: Aids Education Global Information System3) Военный термин: Airborne Early Warning/Ground Environment Integration Segment, интегрированная система наведения ракетного оружия, комплекс, объединяющий радиолокационное оборудование и систему управления огнем4) Сокращение: Advanced Electronic Guidance and Instrumentation System, Advanced Engine / Gearbox Integrated System, Air Electronic Guidance Information System, Airborne Early Warning Ground Integration Segment5) Фирменный знак: Associated Electric Gas Insurance Services6) Образование: An Educational Geographical Information System, The Association Of Educational Guardians For International Students7) Программирование: глобальная информационная система по побочным действиям (Adverse Event Global Information System)8) Фантастика Alien Extermination Global Intercept System9) Программное обеспечение: Agent Engineering For Generation Of Information Systems -
66 Aegis
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. A European Genebank Integration System2) Медицина: Aids Education Global Information System3) Военный термин: Airborne Early Warning/Ground Environment Integration Segment, интегрированная система наведения ракетного оружия, комплекс, объединяющий радиолокационное оборудование и систему управления огнем4) Сокращение: Advanced Electronic Guidance and Instrumentation System, Advanced Engine / Gearbox Integrated System, Air Electronic Guidance Information System, Airborne Early Warning Ground Integration Segment5) Фирменный знак: Associated Electric Gas Insurance Services6) Образование: An Educational Geographical Information System, The Association Of Educational Guardians For International Students7) Программирование: глобальная информационная система по побочным действиям (Adverse Event Global Information System)8) Фантастика Alien Extermination Global Intercept System9) Программное обеспечение: Agent Engineering For Generation Of Information Systems -
67 VGS
1) Спорт: Virtual Game Station2) Военный термин: Very Good Shot, variable geometry structure, vehicle generating system, visual guidance system, эскадрилья разведывательных самолётов сопровождения (ВМС)3) Техника: Vacuum Gripper System4) Грубое выражение: Very Good Shit5) Музыка: V- Guitar System6) Сокращение: Velocity Gate Stealer, Volunteer Gliding School (UK), visual glide slope7) Текстиль: Very Good Shoes8) Электроника: Video Guidance Sensor9) Фирменный знак: Virtual Grocery Store, Visual Graphic Systems, Inc. -
68 aegis
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. A European Genebank Integration System2) Медицина: Aids Education Global Information System3) Военный термин: Airborne Early Warning/Ground Environment Integration Segment, интегрированная система наведения ракетного оружия, комплекс, объединяющий радиолокационное оборудование и систему управления огнем4) Сокращение: Advanced Electronic Guidance and Instrumentation System, Advanced Engine / Gearbox Integrated System, Air Electronic Guidance Information System, Airborne Early Warning Ground Integration Segment5) Фирменный знак: Associated Electric Gas Insurance Services6) Образование: An Educational Geographical Information System, The Association Of Educational Guardians For International Students7) Программирование: глобальная информационная система по побочным действиям (Adverse Event Global Information System)8) Фантастика Alien Extermination Global Intercept System9) Программное обеспечение: Agent Engineering For Generation Of Information Systems -
69 section
секция; отдел, отделение; расчет; участок; сечение; профиль; разрез; часть; звено; отсек; орудие; ( авиационный) отрядair movement (traffic) section — Бр. отделение воздушных перевозок
collection, identification and evacuation section — секция сбора, опознания и эвакуации раненых и убитых
works section, RE — Бр. инженерно-строительная секция
— ammunition supply section— cable-laying section— chemical warfare section— countermortar radar section— launching section— light armor section* * *• секция -
70 package
-
71 display
1. дисплей2. устройство отображения < информации>; индикатор3. отображение < информации>; индикация; вывод < на экран>; представление < данных>4. изображение < на экране>; отображаемая информация5. демонстрация; показ(ательный полет)"fast" display"quickened" displayairborne displayattitude displayaugmented displayazimuth displayblack-and-white displaycalligraphic displaycanopy displayCGI displaycharge coupled displaychin-up displaycockpit displaycollimated displaycolour shutter displaycomputer-driven displaycomputer-generated imagery displayCRT displaydiffractive-optics displaydigital displaydome displaydot-matrix displayEFIS displaysEL displayelectroluminescence displayelectromechanical displayeye-level displayfault list displayflat-panel displayflight displayflight director displayflight reference displayflight deck displayflight status displayflight path displayflight path oriented displayflying displayflying aid displaysforward looking infrared displaygraphical displayground displayground stabilised displayguidance displayhead-down displayhead-level displayhead-out displayhead-up displayhelmet-mounted displayholographic displayhorizon displayhorizontal displayILS displayinfinity-focused displaylanding guidance displaylarge-format displaymaintenance displaymap displaymapping displaymaster monitor displaymechanical displaymedium-level displaymission displaymonochrome displaymoving map displaymultiformat displaynavigation displayoptronic displayout-the-window displaypanel-mounted displayparavisual displayplasma displaypower system displayprogrammable displayprojected map displayradio frequency displayraster format displayraster scan displayrear view displayroof-mounted headup displayrunway displayself-luminous displayshadow-mask CRT displayside-by-side displayssingle-gun masked displaysituation displayslat/flap displayspin recovery displaystatus displaystores management displaysynoptic displaysystems displaytabulator displaytactical displaytactical situation displaytape displaytelemetry displaythreat-warning displaythrottle command displaythrust displaytime history displaytouch displaytouch sensitive displaytraffic advisory displaytunnel displaytunnel-in-the-sky displayV/STOL displayvariable-menu displayvertical profile displayvertical profilometer displayvisor displayvisual displaywide-angle display -
72 information
информация; данныеaircraft status informationattitude informationclimatic informationcommunications informationcontrol informationdamage informationdamping informationengine informationfault informationflight informationflight path informationguidance informationhandling quality informationhard informationheading informationheads-up informationicing informationinstrument informationintegrated informationJTIDS informationlaunch engagement informationlead informationmanagement informationmeteorological informationmission informationmodal informationmode C informationnavigation informationoptical informationperipheral vision informationphotographically-acquired informationpilot-orientated informationpitch attitude informationprimary flight informationproprioceptive informationrate informationreference frame informationsensor informationsituational informationstate informationstatus informationsystems informationtask informationtechnical informationtransponder informationtroubleshooting informationvisual informationvisual field informationvisual guidance informationweather informationwind information -
73 council
Intelligence (Activities Supervision) council — совет по наблюдению за деятельностью разведки (при директоре ЦРУ)
Intelligence Advisory council, NSC — консультативныи совет при СНБ по разведке
-
74 operator
оператор; номер ( расчета) ; водитель; летчик; диспетчер— weapons allocation operator -
75 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
76 EGS
1) Спорт: Electronic Games Society2) Техника: electronic guidance station, ethylene glycol succinate3) Университет: European Graduate School4) Вычислительная техника: Enhanced Graphics System (Commodore)5) Геофизика: Enhanced Geothermal System - Усовершенствованная геотермальная система (технология, позволяющая добывать геотермальную энергию без наличия воды естественного происхождения)6) Фирменный знак: Engineering Geometry Systems, Enosis Graphic Solutions7) Экология: European Geophysical Society8) Программное обеспечение: Electron Gamma Shower -
77 GCISD
Военный термин: guidance, control, and information systems division -
78 GMS
1) Спорт: Games Master System2) Военный термин: Geo-stationary Meteorological Satellite, Ground Mission Supervisor, Ground Mobile System, Guided Missile School, general military science, geophysical monitoring satellite, ground maintenance support, ground mapping system, ground marking system, guidance monitor set, guided missile system3) Техника: gain measuring set4) Шутливое выражение: Gully Man Screaming5) Химия: глицеролмоностеарат (Glycerol Mono Stearate)6) Метеорология: Geostationary Meteorology Satellite7) Бухгалтерия: Gross Merchandise Sales8) Металлургия: Газосмесительная станция (Gas mixing station)9) Сокращение: GEC-Marconi Systems Pty Ltd (Australia), General Mail System, Gun Management System10) Университет: Gate Millennium Scholar11) Школьное выражение: Gambetta Middle School12) Космонавтика: Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Himawari, Japan)13) Производство: Global manufacture system, Глобальная система по производству14) Автоматика: generating mounting surface, geometric modeling software15) Океанография: Geostationary Meteorological Satellite16) Сахалин Ю: global material system17) Расширение файла: Global Management System, Global Messaging Service (Novell)18) Нефть и газ: Group Metering Station, gas-measuring station -
79 GPS
1) Общая лексика: Глобальная товарная стратегия (Global Product Stewardship)2) Компьютерная техника: generalized prediction checker3) Военный термин: Geographical Positioning System, Grid Producing Source, Ground Processing Stations, Gunners Primary Sight, general-purpose shelter, global-positioning satellite, ground positioning system, guidance power supply, gun position sensor, глобальная система навигации и определения местоположения, глобальная система определения координат4) Техника: groups of pulses per second5) Шутливое выражение: Giant Penguin Slingshot, Girlfriend Positioning System6) Юридический термин: Global Positioning Systems7) Автомобильный термин: governor pressure sensor8) Грубое выражение: Global Perpetuation Of Stupidity9) Телекоммуникации: глобальная система определения местоположения10) Сокращение: Global Position System (formerly NAVSTAR), Global Positioning Satellite, Global Protection System, Ground Playback Station, Gunner's Primary Sight, gallon per second, general problem solver, general purpose submarine, геометрические характеристики изделия (Geometrical Product Specification)11) Вычислительная техника: graphic signal processor, Global Positioning System (Space), процессор графических сигналов, универсальная система12) Нефть: global position System/Sattelite, global position system/satellite, галлонов в секунду (gallons per second), число галлонов в секунду (gallons per second)13) Рыбоводство: ГЛС, Глобальная локационная система14) Космонавтика: geopositioning system, Global Positioning System (USA)15) Геофизика: система спутниковой навигации16) Транспорт: General Pavement Studies, Going Perfectly Straight, система контроля местонахождения транспортных средств (Global Positioning System)17) Энергетика: GPP, geoPP, geoPS, geothermal power plant, geothermal power station, геоЭС, геотермальная электростанция, геотермическая электростанция18) Деловая лексика: Global Performance System19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ground positioning satellite (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), геодезический спутник (global positioning satellite), определение положения на местности с помощью искусственного спутника (Ground Positioning Satellite), Global Positioning System (satellite positioning and navigation network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense), Добыча и Реализация Газа20) Промышленность: Geometrical Product Specifications21) Сетевые технологии: general-purpose system, global positioning system22) Сахалин Р: Ground Positioning Satellite23) Химическое оружие: gas processing system24) Макаров: global position system25) Расширение файла: Global Positioning Satellite/System, Global Product Specification26) Нефть и газ: gas power station, group pumping station, Государственная противопожарная служба МВД России, Global Potential Survey, ГПС, ГПС МВД27) Военно-политический термин: global positioning system28) Карачаганак: кустовая насосная станция (group pumping station)29) Антарктика: Глобальная система позиционирования30) Высокочастотная электроника: Global Positioning System/Satellite31) NYSE. The Gap, Inc.32) СМС: Go Perfectly Straight33) Парашютный спорт: мировая спутниковая позиционная система -
80 GTS
1) Общая лексика: Общая система слежения2) Компьютерная техника: Giga Texel Shading3) Медицина: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome4) Военный термин: Global Telecommunications Service, Grant's Too Soft, general troubleshooting, ground telemetry subsystem, ground terminal system, ground test station, guidance test set, система нацеливания пушки (Gun-To-Sight), система «пушка к прицелу» (Gun-To-Sight)5) Техника: Goldstone tracking station, Greenwich time signal, gas to surface6) Шутливое выражение: Goody Two Shoes, Guaranteed Tremendous Safety7) Религия: Greater Than Self8) Юридический термин: Good Time Shooters9) Астрономия: Geostationary Technology Satellite10) Биржевой термин: Global Trading System11) Грубое выражение: Gut The Suckers12) Сокращение: Diners Club Government Travel System, Gas Turbine Starter13) Университет: Good Through Summer14) Физиология: Green Tobacco Sickness15) Электроника: GEM Test System16) Нефть: прохождение газа до поверхности (во времени; gas to surface)17) Космонавтика: Global Telecommunication System (WMO)18) Транспорт: Grand Touring Sedan, Ground Transportation Services, Guaranteed To Start19) Фирменный знак: Galens Tag Service, Good Times Systems, Gordon's Transport System, Green Tiger Software20) СМИ: Global Travel Series, Gutter To Stars21) Сетевые технологии: Generic Traffic Shaping, Global Telecommunications System, Global Transaction Services, глобальная система телекоммуникаций22) ЕБРР: general telephone system23) Океанография: Global Telecommunication System24) Сахалин Ю: gas-turbine station25) Расширение файла: Generic Traffic Shaping (Cisco)27) Электротехника: gas turbine system28) NYSE. Global Telesystems Group, Inc.29) Аэропорты: Granites, Northern Territory, Australia
См. также в других словарях:
Stand guidance systems — A stand guidance system is a system which gives information to a pilot attempting to park his aircraft at an airport stand, usually via visual methods, leading to the term Visual Docking Guidance System (VGDS) and also A VGDS (the A standing for… … Wikipedia
guidance systems — system which directs rockets towards their targets … English contemporary dictionary
guidance system — guidance systems N COUNT The guidance system of a missile or rocket is the device which controls its course. The guidance systems didn t work and the missile couldn t hit its target … English dictionary
Guidance system — A guidance system is a device or group of devices used to navigate a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or other craft. Typically, this refers to a system that navigates without direct or continuous human control. Systems that are… … Wikipedia
Guidance, Navigation and Control — (abbreviated GNC or GN C) is a branch of engineering science dealing with the design of systems to automatically control or remote control devices which are moving in space.Examples for GNC systems are: *Autopilots *Driverless cars, like Mars… … Wikipedia
Systems engineering — is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed. Issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become more difficult… … Wikipedia
systems engineering — ☆ systems engineering n. a branch of engineering using esp. information theory, computer science, and facts from systems analysis studies to design integrated operational systems for specific complexes systems engineer n. * * * Technique of using … Universalium
Guidance Solutions — Infobox company company name = Guidance Solutions, Inc. company company type = Private foundation = California, USA (1993) location city = 4134 Del Rey Ave., Marina del Rey, CA location country = USA key people = Jason Meugniot, CEO Owner Jon… … Wikipedia
guidance — It is increasingly important for firms to meet or exceed analysts consensus earnings forecasts. Often management will give guidance or hints of the earnings per share prospects over the next quarter or next year to try to direct the consensus to… … Financial and business terms
Missile guidance — A guided bomb strikes a practice target Missile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to its intended target. The missile s target accuracy is a critical factor for its effectiveness. Guidance systems… … Wikipedia
Evolutionary guidance media — (EGM) is an emergent discipline offering a paradigm for the design of conscious media, green media, socially responsible media, and transformative media, arising from the convergence of ideas derived primarily from the fields of systems science,… … Wikipedia