-
21 Gabor, Dennis (Dénes)
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 5 June 1900 Budapest, Hungaryd. 9 February 1979 London, England[br]Hungarian (naturalized British) physicist, inventor of holography.[br]Gabor became interested in physics at an early age. Called up for military service in 1918, he was soon released when the First World War came to an end. He then began a mechanical engineering course at the Budapest Technical University, but a further order to register for military service prompted him to flee in 1920 to Germany, where he completed his studies at Berlin Technical University. He was awarded a Diploma in Engineering in 1924 and a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering in 1927. He then went on to work in the physics laboratory of Siemens \& Halske. He returned to Hungary in 1933 and developed a new kind of fluorescent lamp called the plasma lamp. Failing to find a market for this device, Gabor made the decision to abandon his homeland and emigrate to England. There he joined British Thompson-Houston (BTH) in 1934 and married a colleague from the company in 1936. Gabor was also unsuccessful in his attempts to develop the plasma lamp in England, and by 1937 he had begun to work in the field of electron optics. His work was interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1939, although as he was not yet a British subject he was barred from making any significant contribution to the British war effort. It was only when the war was near its end that he was able to return to electron optics and begin the work that led to the invention of holography. The theory was developed during 1947 and 1948; Gabor went on to demonstrate that the theories worked, although it was not until the invention of the laser in 1960 that the full potential of his invention could be appreciated. He coined the term "hologram" from the Greek holos, meaning complete, and gram, meaning written. The three-dimensional images have since found many applications in various fields, including map making, medical imaging, computing, information technology, art and advertising. Gabor left BTH to become an associate professor at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in 1949, a position he held until his retirement in 1967. In 1971 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on holography.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Medal 1968. Franklin Institute Michelson Medal 1968. CBE 1970. Nobel Prize for Physics 1971.Bibliography1948. "A new microscopic principle", Nature 161:777 (Gabor's earliest publication on holography).1949. "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts", Proceedings of the Royal Society A197: 454–87.1951, "Microscopy by reconstructed wavefronts II", Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 64:449–69. 1966, "Holography or the “Whole Picture”", New Scientist 29:74–8 (an interesting account written after laser beams were used to produce optical holograms).Further ReadingT.E.Allibone, 1980, contribution to Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 26: 107–47 (a full account of Gabor's life and work).JW
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies — The Begin Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies is a non partisan independent academic research institute, affiliated with the Political Studies department at Bar Ilan University, Israel. HistoryNamed for joint winners of the Nobel peace… … Wikipedia
Louis-Nazaire Bégin — infobox cardinalbiog name = Louis Nazaire Cardinal Bégin † See = Quebec Title = Cardinal Archbishop of Quebec Period = April 12, 1898 mdash;July 18, 1925 cardinal = May 25, 1914 Predecessor = Elzéar Alexandre Cardinal Taschereau † Successor =… … Wikipedia
Susanne M. Glasscock School of Continuing Studies — The Susanne M. Glasscock School of Continuing Studies at Rice University offers the Houston community the opportunity to study personal and professional areas of interest. It is named in honor of an endowment gift from Houstonians Susanne and… … Wikipedia
Monique Bégin — The Honourable Monique Bégin PC, OC, FRSC, BA, MA, PhD, DSc, msrc Member of Parliament for Saint Michel In office 1972–1979 Preceded by Victor Forget … Wikipedia
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group — Infobox Military Unit unit name=Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group (MACV SOG) caption=Never assigned an official crest or patch, SOG personnel accepted this unofficial self designed insignia dates= 24 January,… … Wikipedia
College of Staten Island High School for International Studies — Location 100 Essex Drive Staten Island, New York, United States Coordinates … Wikipedia
Jewish studies — (or Judaic studies) is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (especially Jewish history), religious studies, archeology, sociology, languages (Jewish… … Wikipedia
Peace and conflict studies — Peace Research redirects here Peace and conflict studies is a social science field that identifies and analyses violent and nonviolent behaviours as well as the structural mechanisms attending social conflicts with a view towards understanding… … Wikipedia
Leadership studies — is a multidisciplinary academic field of study that focuses on leadership in organizational contexts and in human life. Leadership studies has origins in the social sciences (e.g., sociology, anthropology, psychology), in humanities (e.g.,… … Wikipedia
Cultural studies theory of composition — The cultural studies theory of composition (hereafter referred to as cultural studies ) is a field of composition studies that examines both writing as an artifact of culture and the contexts of writing situations. It also examines what happens… … Wikipedia
Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies — The Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies (SCS), is a school at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., United States. SCS provides a Georgetown education to students at every stage of learning, including high school programs for… … Wikipedia
