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1 craft
I 1. [krɑːft] [AE kræft]1) (skill) (art-related) arte f., maestria f., abilità f.; (job-related) mestiere m.2) (handiwork) artigianato m.3) (cunning) astuzia f., furberia f.2. II [krɑːft] [AE kræft]1) (boat) imbarcazione f., natante m.2) aer. (anche space craft) nave f., veicolo m. spaziale* * *1) (an art or skill: the craft of wood-carving.) arte2) ((plural craft) a boat or ship: sailing craft.) imbarcazione3) (cunning or trickery: craft and deceit.) astuzia•- crafty- craftily
- craftiness
- craftsman
- craftsmanship* * *I 1. [krɑːft] [AE kræft]1) (skill) (art-related) arte f., maestria f., abilità f.; (job-related) mestiere m.2) (handiwork) artigianato m.3) (cunning) astuzia f., furberia f.2. II [krɑːft] [AE kræft]1) (boat) imbarcazione f., natante m.2) aer. (anche space craft) nave f., veicolo m. spaziale -
2 craft
craft [krα:ft]1. noun3. compounds* * *[krɑːft], US [kræft] 1.1) ( skill) ( art-related) art m; ( job-related) métier m2) ( handiwork) artisanat m3) ( boat) embarcation f2. -
3 craft
craft, US [transcription][kr_ft]A n1 ( skill) ( art-related) art m ; ( job-related) métier m ; the potter's craft l'art du potier ; the journalist's craft ≈ le métier du journaliste ;3 ( cunning) ruse f ;4 ( boat) embarcation f ;C vtr faire [qch] à la main. -
4 SMÍÐ
(pl. -ir), f.1) making, building (var þat hús allmjök vandat at allri s.); vera at smíð, to be at the work (H. var nú byrgðr í einu húsi, ok var hann þar at smíðinni); vera í s., to be building (hann sá mann uppi á kirkju þeiri, er í s. var);2) work of skill or art, structure (Bifröst er gör með list ok kunnáttu meiri en aðrar smíðir).* * *f., old plur. smíðir, mod. smíðar; [smiðr and smíð are related to a lost strong verb smíða, smeið]:—craft, smith’s work, work of skill or art; ríss sú smíð síðan í verki, Eluc. 7; ef smíðin únýtisk, Fms. vi. 214; Bifröst er gör með list ok kunnáttu meiri enn aðrar smíðir, Edda 8; öll sjá smíð ( edifice) er studd með stólpum, Eluc. 2; er þar vönduð mjök smíð á, Fas. ii. 541; hús vandað at efnum ok smíð, Fms. vii. 100; til þeirrar smíðar, Bs. i. 134; hann skal hefja smíð upp, K. Þ. K.; taka til smíðar, Fms. ix. 55; var hann þar at smíðinni, he was at the work, vi. 215; vera í smíð, to be ‘on the anvil,’ in hand; hón var í smíð tíu tegi vetra, áðr algör yrði, Ver. 8; hús þat var í smíð sjau vetr, 27 (mod. í smíðum); frum-smíð, a beginner’s work: in the saying, flest frum-smíð stendr til bóta: járn-s., gull-s., tré-s., and metaph. hug-smíð = the ‘mind’s work,’ imagination. ☞ Mod. usage distinguishes between smíð (sing.), the working, and smíði, the work; bar-smíð, beating, battle.COMPDS: smíðablástr, smíðaremni, smíðarkaup, smíðarkol, smíðarlýti, smíðartól, smíðatól, smíðaröx. -
5 TONALLI
tônalli:1.\TONALLI ardeur, chaleur du soleil.Litt. 'chaleur du soleil' d'où 'force de vie' mais aussi 'jour' (du calendrier divinatoire), 'signe astrologique'. Launey II 222 n.57.Angl., heat of the sun; dry season. R. Andrews Introd 474.2.\TONALLI la saison sèche, l'été.Angl., dry season. R. Andrews Introd 474.En ce sens on utilise le locatif, tônalco.3.\TONALLI jour du calendrier caractérisé par son signe.Angl., day; day sign. R. Andrews Introd 474.Allem., Kalendertag, 'Zeichen' in allgemein-augurischem Sinn als Schicksalmacht des mit Ziffer und Bild (Zeichen im engerm Sinn) benannten Tages, Kalender-Zeitabschnitt, Teil, Zuteilung. SIS 1950,385." iuh mihtoâya: ca in chiucnâhuitihuaya îpan tônalli niman ahmo cualcân ", car, comme on disait, les signes du calendrier occupant la neuvième place n'étaient absolument pas de bons moments - for, as it was said, the day signs taking ninth place were in no way a time of good. Sah4,50." quipehpena in tônalli, quitta in îamox, in îtlahcuilôl: quitta in iquin cualli tonâlli, in yeccân, in cualcân: mihtoa: quitônalpehpenia ", il choisit le jour, il consulte ses livres, ses écrits, il voit quand c'est le bon jour, le moment favorable, le bon moment, on dit il choisi le bon jour - he chose the day. He consulted his sacred almanac, he noted the good day, the good time, the favorable time. It is said that he chose the day. Il s'agit du tlapôuhqui qui fixe rendez vous pour une confession. Sah1,24." quitta in tlein tônalli îpan ôtlâcat piltôntli quitta in tlein oncân tlahtoa in tlein îtlatquicâyo ", il regarde ce qu'est le signe du jour où l'enfant est né, ce qu'est celui qui gouverne alors, ce que sont ceux en relation avec lui - [he] looked at the day sign on which the baby was born, studied which were those related to it which governed there. Est dit du devin, tônalpôuhqui. Sah6,198." intlâcamo cualli tônalli intlâ têcuântônalli îpan ôtlâcat ", s'il n'est pas né sous un bon jour mais sous un jour dévoreur d'hommes. Sah6,198.4.\TONALLI destin déterminé par un signe du calendrier et d'une façon générale tout ce qui, pour une personne, est déterminé par sa naissance (privilèges, biens ou compétences qui lui appartiennent en propre).Esp., destino, hado de cada uno. En dial. mod. dia. Garibay Llave 268.Angl., birthright. R. Andrews Introd 474.Cette signification se présente essentiellement à la forme possédée.* plur., " cualtin tônaltin ", de bons jours i.e. des signes du calendrier de bon augure. Sah4,39.Schultze-Iena 1950,385 signale aussi la forme 'tônalmeh'.*\TONALLI à la forme possédée.1.\TONALLI le signe du calendrier sous lequel quelqu'un est né et qui détermine son destin." zan no quitlahuêliâya in îtônal ", il haïssait le signe de sa naissance - er haβte gar sein Tageszeichen. Sah 1950,120 = Sah4,25." ômpa huîtz in totônal ", de là vient notre signe. Launey II 222 = Sah10,169 - thence came our souls." in ihcuâc motlâlia, in ihcuâc chipini piltzintli, ômpa huâllauh in întônal, îmihtic calaqui, quihuâlihua in ôme têuctli ", quand un enfant est conçu, est engendré, c'est de là que vient son signe qu'il entre en lui, envoyé par Ome Teuctli. Launey II 222." intlacahmo tlamahcêhua, intlacahmo huel monôtza, intlacahmo huellahuapâhualli, huellazcaltîlli mochîhua, zan no quitlahuêliâya in îtônal ", si elle ne fait pas pénitence, si elle ne réfléchit pas bien, si elle ne devient pas bien élevée, bien éduquée, elle gâte le signe de sa naissance - if she did not do penances, if she took: not good heed, if her upbringing and training were not good, she herself harmed her day sign. Est dit de celle qui est née sous le signe ce xôchitl. Sah4,25." in cualli întônal ", ceux qui sont nés sous un bon signe.Est dit des enfants destinés au sacrifice. Sah2,42.2. \TONALLI la spécialité, le privilège, le lot propre à quelqu'un ou à quelque chose." in întlaquên catca, huel îtônal catca in xiuhtlalpilli ", de leur vêtements la partie essentielle était une draperie de couleur turquoise. Launey II 222." in huel îxcoyân îâxcâ in huel îneîxcahuîl in huel îtônal ", ses biens propres, ses biens personnels, ce qu'il possède en propre. Sah12,49." in tlein tilmahtli, tlaquemitl têtônal, mochi quicuih ", les manteaux ou les vêtements que d'autres ont en propre, ils les prennent tous. Launey II 242." in têtônal, in întlaxcal cemmolicpitl oatca in ic yahualtic ", la spécialité était leurs tortillas, qui avaient un coude ('cemmolicptitl') de circonférence. Launey II 254." têtônal têcpilâtl tlahtohcââtl ", le privilège, la boisson des seigneurs, la boisson des princes -the privilège, the drink of nobles, of rulers. Est dit du cacao. Sah10,93." tlatôltêcachîhualli, têtônal ", construit avec art, le privilège (des seigneurs) - fashioned with skill, one's lot. Est dit d'un temple. Sah11,270." têtônal ", privilège (des seigneurs) - they are what one merits - es la suerte de la gente.Est dit de la variété neucxôchitl de la fleur cacalôxôchitl.Cod Flor XI 191r = ECN 11,92 = Acad Hist MS 220r = Sah11,205." têtônal ", le lot de quelqu'un - racion de alguno... Molina. W.Lehmann 1938,156." întônal, îmâxcâ, înneixcahuil in tlahtohqueh ", c'est le privilège, la propriété, le propre des princes - es la suerte, la propriedad, la pertenencia de los reyes.Est dit de l'or. Cod Flor XI 213v = ECN11,104 = Acad Hist MS 317v." têtônal întônal in tlahtohqueh in huêhueintin ", c'est un privilège, le privilège des princes, de ceux qui sont âgés - it is one's lot, the lot of the rules, of the old ones.Est dit de la pierre précieuse, quetzalitztli. Sah11,222." tlahtohcâohtli îtônal ", son privilège est d'être un chemin pour seigneur - a road which is the privilege of the rulers. Est dit d'un chemin bien entretenu, ohquetzalli. Sah11,283." mihtoâyah îtônal ", ils disaient que c'était son destin - they said it was his fortune, le texte espagnol correspondant dit: 'dezian que era su suerte'. Sah9,37 et note 5." îtônal ", son destin - deren Bestimmung es ist. Sah 1952,158:11." quinâmaca in iyetl, îtônal tlamâtoctli ", il vend des tubes à tabac destinés à être pris en main - he sells the tobacco (tubes) destined for fondling in the hand. Sah10,88." in cocoxqueh in întôcâ chimouhqueh huel înnemac in tziccuahcualiztli îmâxcâ iuhquinma întônal ", mâcher de la gomme est vraiment le propre des transsexuels, de ceux qui sont efféminés, c'est leur privilège, comme si c'était un droit de naissance - the chewing of chicle (is) the real privilege of the addicts termed 'effeminates' (it is) as if it were their privilege, their birthright. Sah10,89." zan huel îneixcahuîl huel îtônal ", elles étaient vraiment son bien personnel, son privilège - they were his alone, his prerogative. Est dit de capes. Sah12,5." mihtoâya îtônal ", on disait que c'était ce qui lui appartenait en propre - they said it was his fortune. (Texte esp. correspondant: dezian que era su suerte). Sah9,37 = Sah 1952,178:25-26.3.\TONALLI dans certains contextes " têtônal ", peut être traduit par l'âme de quelqu'un.Esp., anima o alma (M I 10v. - tetonal et totonal)." ca quil nôzo înnacayo mânôce întônal in châlchihuitl ", car on dit aussi que les jades sont leur corps ou leur âme - for it is said also that precious green stones were their bodies or their spirits. Est dit des Tlaloqueh. Sah11,69.* dans certains dialectes modernes.'tônalli' désigne le soleil ou le 'jour' en général. Cf. Launey Introd 359.Note l'Arte de la lengua mexicana: que fue usual entre los indios del obispado de Guadalajara y de parte de los de Durango y Michoacan. de Fray Juan Guerra donne tonalli, el sol.Form: nom d'objet sur tôna. -
6 Caird, Sir James
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 2 January 1864 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 27 September 1954 Wimbledon, London, England[br]Scottish shipowner and shipbuilder.[br]James Caird was educated at Glasgow Academy. While the connections are difficult to unravel, it is clear he was related to the Cairds of Greenock, whose shipyard on the Clyde built countless liners for the P \& O Company, and to the Caird family who were munificent benefactors of Dundee and the Church of Scotland.In 1878 Caird joined a firm of East India Merchants in Glasgow, but later went to London. In 1890 he entered the service of Turnbull, Martin \& Co., managers of the Scottish Shire Line of Steamers; he quickly rose to become Manager, and by 1903 he was the sole partner and owner. In this role his business skill became apparent, as he pioneered (along with the Houlder and Federal Lines) refrigerated shipping connections between the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand. In 1917 he sold his shipping interests to Messrs Cayzer Irvine, managers of the Clan Line.During the First World War, Caird set up a new shipyard on the River Wye at Chepstow in Wales. Registered in April 1916, the Standard Shipbuilding and Engineering Company took over an existing shipbuilder in an area not threatened by enemy attacks. The purpose of the yard was rapid building of standardized merchant ships during a period when heavy losses were being sustained because of German U-boat attacks. Caird was appointed Chairman, a post he held until the yard came under full government control later in the war. The shipyard did not meet the high expectations of the time, but it did pioneer standard shipbuilding which was later successful in the USA, the UK and Japan.Caird's greatest work may have been the service he gave to the councils which helped form the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich. He used all his endeavours to ensure the successful launch of the world's greatest maritime museum; he persuaded friends to donate, the Government to transfer artefacts and records, and he gave of his wealth to purchase works of art for the nation. Prior to his death he endowed the Museum with £1.25 million, a massive sum for the 1930s, and this (the Caird Fund) is administered to this day by the Trustees of Greenwich.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsBaronet 1928 (with the title Sir James Caird of Glenfarquhar).Further ReadingFrank C.Bowen, 1950, "The Chepstow Yards and a costly venture in government shipbuilding", Shipbuilding and Shipping Record (14 December).FMW
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