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81 leadership
n1. керівництво, управління2. керівники, керівництво- collective leadership колективне керівництво- democratic leadership демократичне керівництво- effective leadership ефективне керівництво- militant leadership військове/ бойове керівництво- moderate leadership помірковане керівництво- reactionary leadership реакційне керівництво- reformist leadership реформістське керівництво- treacherous leadership віроломне керівництво- relation of forces within the leadership співвідношення сил у складі керівництва- style of the leadership стиль керівництва- to accept collective leadership прийняти колективне керівництво -
82 leadership
n1) руководство; управление- assume the leadership from smb.2) руководство, руководители- manage smth. by a collective leadership• -
83 piecrust promise
обещание, которое не собираются выполнять, пустое обещание [происходит от пословицы promises are like piecrust, made to be broken; см. promises are like piecrust, made to be broken]All the chickens are corning home to roost from the piecrust promises of the reformist leaders about... "permanent free employment" and the "abolition of poverty". (‘Labour Monthly’) — Реформистские лидеры и не собираются выполнять свои обещания о "гарантированном свободном труде" и "упразднении бедности" - эти обещания только оборачиваются против нас.
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84 Fabian
1. n фабианец, член Фабианского общества2. a ист. относящийся к римскому роду Фабиев3. a ист. свойственный Фабию Кунктатору4. a ист. осторожный, медлительный; выжидательныйFabian policy — выжидательная политика, политика оттяжек
5. a ист. фабианскийСинонимический ряд:liberal (adj.) broad-minded; left-wing; lenient; liberal; open-minded; progressive; reformist; revisionist; tolerant -
85 progressive
1. n прогрессивный человек; сторонник прогресса; прогрессист2. n амер. член прогрессивной партии3. a прогрессивный, передовой4. a поступательный5. a пропорционально увеличивающийся, прогрессивный6. a прогрессирующий7. a постепенный8. a грам. продолженныйprogressive form — продолженная форма, континуатив
Синонимический ряд:1. advancing (adj.) advancing; consecutive; gradual; growing; incremental; ongoing; on-going; spreading; successive; worsening2. dynamic (adj.) dynamic; enterprising; reformative3. forward (adj.) advanced; forward; precocious4. liberal (adj.) broad; broad-minded; Fabian; left-wing; lenient; liberal; open-minded; radical; reformist; revisionist; tolerant; wide5. liberal (noun) liberalАнтонимический ряд:conservative; stagnant -
86 revisionist
1. n сторонник пересмотра, ревизии2. n полит. ревизионист3. a требующий пересмотра4. a полит. ревизионистскийСинонимический ряд:liberal (adj.) broad-minded; Fabian; left-wing; lenient; liberal; open-minded; progressive; reformist; tolerant -
87 Gomes da Costa, Manuel de Oliveira
(1863-1929)Marshal of the Portuguese Army, commander of Portugal's forces in Flanders in World War I, and leader of the military coup that overthrew the First Republic in May 1926. Trained at the Military College, Gomes da Costa rose from the rank of private to general during the period 1883-1917. His career began with important colonial service in Portuguese India and Mozambique in suppressing insurgencies in the 1890s. He served with Mousinho de Albuquerque in the Gaza campaigns (1896-97), in Mozambique, and later in Angola and São Tomé. His most notable service was in Portugal's intervention in World War I as he helped organize the first brigade and commanded the first division of Portugal's Expeditionary Corps (CEP), which entered combat on the western front in May 1917. For his role in the battle of Lys, in April 1918, when German forces badly mauled the Portuguese sector, Gomes da Costa was decorated by Portugal with the Tower and Sword medal. During the latter part of the First Republic, he was dispatched to the colonies on missions to divert him from domestic politics, since he had joined the Reformist Party (PR).As the most senior and best-known career army officer, Gomes da Costa was invited by former CEP comrades to join in military conspiracies to overthrow the democrat-dominated First Republic. On 28 May 1926, in Braga, he launched the military coup with the pronouncement "To Arms, Portugal!" The general's famous name and forceful personality gave the military movement the necessary prestige and won public opinion's confidence for the political moment. Gomes da Costa, however, was not suited for political maneuvering and administrative efficiency and, on 9 July 1926, he was dismissed as minister of war by other generals, including future president Óscar Carmona, and then exiled to the Azores. For political effect and as a consolation prize to the leader whose individual daring had helped create the abertura (opening) that allowed the coup to succeed, the military dictatorship honored Gomes da Costa, even in exile, with promotion to marshal of the army. In ill health on his return from the isolated Azores in late 1927, he died less than two years later in Lisbon. There is a statue of Gomes da Costa in a square in Braga, designed by Barata Feyo, which honors the general of the Twenty- eighth of May coup d'etat.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Gomes da Costa, Manuel de Oliveira
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88 Inquisition, Portuguese
Known also as the Holy Office of the Inquisition, Portugal's Inquisition was established in 1536 under King João III and was finally abolished only in 1821. The initial motives for establishing this institution were more political than religious; King João III saw it as an instrument to increase central power and royal control in Portugal. Permission for its foundation was granted by the papacy in Rome, but the Inquisition's judges and officers were appointed by the Portuguese king, not by the papacy. Seven years after its establishment, the Inquisition's first victims were burned at the stake in Évora. Eventually, the Holy Office of the Inquisition became a kind of state within a state, with its own bureaucracy, censors who acted as a "thought police" over the faithful as well as over heretics or dissidents, and police who maintained their own prisons. The period of this infamous institution's greatest power to persecute, prosecute, and execute heretics was during the 16th and 17th centuries. During the administration of the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77), the Inquisition's power was curtailed. By 1821, when it was abolished by reformist governments, the Inquisition no longer had much significance.For centuries, however, the Inquisition generated fear and was able to amass wealth, goods, and property confiscated from victims. In the history of Portuguese politics and culture, the Inquisition has symbolized cruel oppression, the spirit of discrimination, and religious persecution of heretics and minorities, including Jews who were often forcibly converted. It created an era of censorship of intellectual activity, injustice, bigotry, racism, and anti-Semitism, and raised questions about the role and power of the Catholic Church in society and the relationship between the Church and state. Some opponents of the Estado Novo quite justifiably compared the Inquisition's control of free thought and action with that of the Estado Novo in its day. -
89 Norton de Matos, José
(1867-1955)One of Portugal's most important and influential colonial administrators of the 20th-century African empire, a central figure in the management of Portugal's dispatch of an army to Flanders in World War I, and oppositionist candidate in the 1949 presidential elections. Trained as an army engineer, he attended Coimbra University and became a stalwart republican. During much of the 1890s, he served in Portuguese India, where he came under the influence of the style and policies of the British Raj. During the First Republic, he held a number of important posts in the empire and in Portugal: governor-general of Angola (1912-15), colonial minister (1915), and minister of war (1915-17), during which service he was instrumental in organizing the mobilization and dispatch of Portugal's Expeditionary Force (CEP) to the western front in 1917. Later, he served as high commissioner and governor-general of Angola (1921-24) and was named Portugal's minister to Great Britain (1924-26).Dismissed from his London post by the military dictatorship in 1926, Norton de Matos never held an official post again and, as he opposed both the military dictatorship and the Estado Novo, he found it difficult to practice his engineering profession while in retirement from the army. However, he remained important in post-1926 colonial policies and concepts, and attempted to put them into practice after 1945. In 1949, General Norton de Matos was the oppositionist candidate in the presidential elections and opposed the regime incumbent, Marshal Antônio Óscar Carmona. Using the law, police harassment, and other means, the Estado Novo persecuted Norton de Matos's followers and disrupted his campaign. Just before the rigged election was to be held, the aged general withdrew his candidacy, rightfully claiming fraud and intimidation. A tough if liberal reformist in colonial affairs, the senior colonial authority wrote his final book A Nação Una in 1953, calling for the regime to implement his basic reform ideas and to improve treatment of Africans in labor and race relations. Norton de Matos's prescient warnings about African policies were largely ignored, while Lisbon followed his key strategic and development concepts.
См. также в других словарях:
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reformist — refòrmist (reformȉst) m DEFINICIJA onaj koji pristaje uz reformizam, pristaša reforme ETIMOLOGIJA vidi reforma … Hrvatski jezični portal
Reformist — Re*form ist, n. [Cf. F. r[ e]formiste.] A reformer. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Reformist — (engl.), soviel wie Reformer (s. Reform) … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Reformíst — Reformíst, Anhänger von Reformen … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
refòrmist — (reformı̏st) m (refòrmistkinja, refòrmistica ž) onaj koji pristaje uz reformizam, pristaša reforme … Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika
reformist — 1580s, originally religious; from REFORM (Cf. reform) + IST (Cf. ist). Political sense is from 1640s … Etymology dictionary
reformist — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ supporting or advocating gradual reform rather than abolition or revolution. ► NOUN ▪ a supporter or advocate of such a policy. DERIVATIVES reformism noun … English terms dictionary
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reformist — re|form|ist [rıˈfo:mıst US o:r ] adj wanting to change systems or situations, especially in politics ▪ the reformist wing of the party >reformist n … Dictionary of contemporary English
reformist — 1. adjective a) Advocating reform of an institution or body. [...] all the prose is German, all reformist, all moralising, and has little or practically no echo of antiquity.<! … Wiktionary