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121 Comb Design
A design motif which is common to the rugs of Caucasia and often seen in those of Turkey and Central Asia. Not used in Persia (see Rug Design) -
122 Common Hemp
The so-called common hemp is the hemp proper and is derived from the bast of Cannabis sativa, a shrub growing from 6 feet to 15 feet in height. Though originally a native of India and Persia, it is now cultivated in nearly all the temperate and tropical countries or the world. It is an annual plant, with a straight stalk, and elongated, highly dentated leaves. The leaves have a narcotic odour and occur in bunches of three, five or seven. Russia produces an enormous quantity, Poland also is a large producer, both these are of a lower quality than others. French hemp is much superior in quality to that from either Russia or Poland, being fine, white and lustrous. Italian hemp is also of a very high grade. Indian hemp is grown not so much for its fibre as for its narcotic properties. Japanese hemp is of excellent quality, and appears in trade in the form of very thin ribbons, smooth and glossy, of a light straw colour, and the frayed ends showing a fibre of exceeding fineness. Hemp is the oldest textile that has been used in Japan. Hemp fibre is obtained from the plant by a process of retting, similar to that used for flax. Dew retting is chiefly employed, that is, the stalks are spread out in the fields until the action of the elements causes the woody tissue and gums enclosing the fibres to decompose. It is said that 100 parts of raw hemp produce 25 parts of raw fibre or filasse; and loo parts of the latter yields 65 parts of combed filasse and 32 parts of tow. The commercial fibre is pearly-grey, yellowish or greenish to brown in colour, and from 40-in. to 80-in. long. It is not as fine as linen, though its tensile strength is appreciably greater. The best qualities of hemp are very light in colour and possess a high lustre almost equal to linen. Hemp is principally used for twines and cordage, for which its great strength eminently adapts it, and also because it is very durable and does not rot in water. The better qualities of hemp are also used for " linen " crash, homespuns, carpets and as warp in making carpets and mgs. -
123 Diabiki
A silk brocade of the 14th and 15th centuries in Arabia, Persia and Egypt, having floral designs. -
124 Dubahr
A plain weave cotton fabric used for clothing in Persia. -
125 Eastern Rugs And Carpet Design
The motifs used by the hand-loom weavers in Persia and other Eastern countries are known under the following terms: - The Herati, Mina Khani, Pear or cone, Rosettet Eight-pointed star. Cloud band, Tri, Clef, leaf, Latchhook, Comb, Octagon, Elephant-foot, Swastika, Henna flower, and Palmette (see Rugs)Dictionary of the English textile terms > Eastern Rugs And Carpet Design
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126 False Fibre
A strong, harsh, wiry fibre obtained from a species of Grewia in Persia. Used for ropes, cordage, etc. -
127 Finastre Silk
A very inferior raw silk from Persia and Asia Minor. -
128 Genghis Rugs
Small, heavy, all-wool rugs made by the nomad tribes (tent dwellers) West of Persia. The warp is of goat's hair, and the long loose pile is tied in Ghiordes knots. The designs are crude geometrical patterns in which white predominates. The sides are finished with selvedges and the ends have a selvedge and fringe. There are only about six knots per inch and both warp and weft threads were often visible. These rugs were named after the Mougal conqueror, Genghis-Kan 1162-1227
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