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  • 21 Ἀδάμ

    Ἀδάμ, ὁ indecl. (אָדָם) (LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Just.; Mel., P. 83.—In Joseph. Ἄδαμος, ου [Ant. 1, 66]) Adam, the first human being 1 Ti 2:13; B 6:9 (cp. Gen 1:27ff). Ancestor of humanity Ro 5:14; Jd 14; 1 Cl 50:3. Hence πατὴρ ἡμῶν 6:3; people are υἱοὶ Ἀ. 29:2 (cp. Dt 32:8). In the genealogy of Jesus Lk 3:38. His fall Ro 5:14; 1 Ti 2:14. While A. was praying, Eve was seduced by the serpent GJs 13:1 (ApcMos 17). Some hold there existed the conception that at the end of the world the initial events will repeat themselves, and that hence Adam, who destroys all, is contrasted w. Christ, who gives life to all 1 Cor 15:22 (HGunkel, Schöpfung u. Chaos 1895). The parallel betw. Adam and Christ and the designation of Christ as future Ro 5:14 is well known. It is debatable whether the well-known (gnostic) myth of the first human being as a redeemer-god directly influenced Paul or whether he arrived at his view through Jewish perceptions (s. Bousset, Kyrios Christos 2, 1921, 140–45; Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 107ff and s. on ἄνθρωπος 1d). On the debate stimulated by KBarth, Christus u. Adam nach Römer 5, ’52, s. RBultmann, Adam u. Christus nach Röm. 5, ZNW 50, ’59, 145–68; EBrandenburger, Adam u. Christus, ’62; EJüngel, ZTK 60, ’63, 42–74.—BMurmelstein, Adam. E. Beitrag z. Messiaslehre: Wiener Ztschr. f. d. Kunde d. Morgenlandes 35, 1928, 242–75; 36, 1929, 51–86; Ltzm., exc. on 1 Cor 15:45–49; AVitti, Christus-Adam: Biblica 7, 1926, 121–45; 270–85; 384–401; ARawlinson, The NT Doctrine of the Christ 1926, 124ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and the Son of Man, 1927; AMarmorstein, ZNW 30, ’31, 271–77; OKuss, Ro 5:12–21. D. Adam-Christusparallele, diss. Bresl. 1930; GWestberg, The Two Adams: BiblSacra 94, ’37, 37–50; ARöder, D. Gesch.-philos. des Ap. Pls., diss. Frb. ’38; SHanson, Unity of the Church in the NT, ’46, 66–73; RScroggs, The Last Adam, ’66 (bibliog. 123–28); JFitzmyer, ABComm Ro 423–28 (lit.).—EDNT. TW.

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  • 22 ἁγιάζω

    ἁγιάζω 1 aor. ἡγίασα, impv. ἁγίασον; pf. ἡγίακα 2 Ch 7:16; Jer 1:5. Pass.: 1 fut. ἁγιασθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἡγιάσθην, impv. ἁγιασθήτω; pf. ἡγίασμαι, ptc. ἡγιασμένος 1 Cl 46:2 (LXX; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 18, Spec. Leg. 1, 67. Quite rare in extra-Bibl. usage, where ἁγίζω is the usual form; but s. PGM 4, 522 ἁγιασθείς; Cat. Cod. Astr. VII 178, 1; 27; Anecd. Gr. p. 328, 1ff and Herm. Wr. 1, 32 συναγιάζειν. Cp. also καθαγιάζειν under 3 below).
    ① set aside someth. or make it suitable for ritual purposes, consecrate, dedicate of things: (Ex 29:27, 37, 44 al.) ἁ. τὸ δῶρον the sacrifice Mt 23:19; 1 Ti 4:5 (AcThom 79 [Aa II/2, 194, 11] τὴν προσφορὰν ἁ.); of profane things make holy by contact w. someth. holy ἁ. τὸν χρυσόν the gold in the temple Mt 23:17.
    ② include a pers. in the inner circle of what is holy, in both cultic and moral associations of the word, consecrate, dedicate, sanctify (cp. Ex 28:41; Sir 33:12; 45:4; Zeph 1:7). So of Christians, who are consecrated by baptism (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 33, 26 on the Eucharist ἄρτους ἐσθίομεν, σῶμα γενομένους … ἁγιάζον τοὺς μετὰ ὑγιοῦς προθέσεως αὐτῷ χρωμένους); w. ἀπολούσασθαι 1 Cor 6:11. Of the Christian community or church ἵνα αὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος Eph 5:26; sanctify by the blood of a sacrifice, i.e. atone for sins Hb 9:13. Of Christ ἵνα ἁγιάσῃ διὰ τοῦ ἰδίου αἵματος τὸν λαόν 13:12 (ἁ. τὸν λαόν Josh 7:13; Ezk 46:20; λαὸς ἡγιασμένος PsSol 17, 26. ἁ. by blood Ex 29:21); cp. 2:11; 10:10, 29; consecrate, sanctify by contact w. what is holy: unbelievers by a Christian marriage 1 Cor 7:14. Hence Christians are ἡγιασμένοι (cp. Dt 33:3; 4 Macc 17:19) Hb 10:14; Ac 20:32; 26:18; IEph 2:2; ἡ. ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Cor 1:2; ἡ. ἐν ἀληθείᾳ J 17:19b (cp. Sir 45:4 ἐν πίστει); of Gentile Christians ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Ro 15:16; the church ἁγιασθεῖσα = ἁγία D 10:5; κλητοὶ ἡ. 1 Cl ins; of an individual σκεῦος ἡγιασμένον 2 Ti 2:21; Paul ἡγιασμένος IEph 12:2. God consecrates his own, incl. Christ J 10:36 (s. Hdb.3 ad loc.), and Christians (cp. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 62 ἐλεήσας αὐτὸν ὁ Ζεὺς ἁγνίζει=Zeus absolves him, takes away his guilt) 17:17; 1 Th 5:23; the latter through Christ 1 Cl 59:3. Of Jesus ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν (ἐγὼ) ἁγιάζω ἑμαυτόν I dedicate myself for them (the disciples) as an offering J 17:19a (ἁ. of an offering Ex 13:2; Dt 15:19).
    ③ to treat as holy, reverence of pers. κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε 1 Pt 3:15 (Is 8:13); of things: ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου may thy name be held in reverence (cp. Is 29:23; Ezk 36:23; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 13, 4; also gnostic ἁγιασθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου PPrinc 107, 14; PGM 4, 1191f τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἅγιον τὸ καθηγιασμένον ὑπὸ τ. ἀγγέλων πάντων; 1, 206) Mt 6:9; Lk 11:2; D 8:2 (AFridrichsen, Geheiligt werde dein Name: TT 8, 1917, 1–16; LBrun, Harnack Festschr. 1921, 22–31; RAsting, D. Heiligkeit im Urchristentum 1930, 75–85 w. lit.). τὸ σάββατον B 15:1, 3, 6f (Ex 20:8–11). ἁγιασθῆναι keep oneself holy Rv 22:11.
    ④ to eliminate that which is incompatible with holiness, purify (Num 6:11 al.) ἁ. ἀπὸ πάσης πονηρίας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης σκολιότητος Hv 3, 9, 1. This mng. is also prob. in such pass. as Ro 15:16; 1 Cor 1:2; 1 Th 5:23.—V.l. for ἠγαπημένη IRo ins—DELG s.v. ἅζομαι. M-M. TW.

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  • 23 ἐγείρω

    ἐγείρω fut. ἐγερῶ; 1 aor. ἤγειρα. Pass.: pres. ἐγείρομαι, impv. 2 sg. ἐγείρου, pl. ἐγείρεσθε; 1 fut. ἐγερθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠγέρθην; pf. ἐγήγερμαι (B-D-F §101 and 78; Rob. 1215) (Hom.+).
    ① to cause someone to wake from sleep, wake, rouse Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Ac 12:7.
    ② to cease sleeping, wake up, awaken fr. sleep, pass. intr. (PStras 100, 15 [II B.C.] ἐγερθεὶς ἐκάλουν βοηθούς) ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου Mt 1:24 (cp. διεγείρω). Abs. 25:7; Mk 4:27; J 11:12 P75. Fig., ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι awaken fr. sleep (i.e. thoughtless indolence) Ro 13:11 (cp. Epict. 2, 20, 15 ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων, fr. the sleep of carelessness); cp. AcPl Ha 4, 32.
    ③ to cause to stand up from a position lower than that of the pers. rendering assistance, raise, help to rise, pers. sitting down Ac 3:7 (ἵνα σταθῶ). Lying down Mk 1:31; 9:27. Stretched out Ac 10:26 (En 14:25). Fallen Mt 12:11; 1 Cl 59:4; Hv 3, 2, 4.
    ④ to move to a standing position, rise, get up, pass. intr. of those who have awakened Mt 2:13f, 20f; 8:26; Lk 11:8; who were sitting down (EpArist 94) Mt 9:19; Lk 13:25; J 11:29; Hv 1, 4, 1; AcPl Ox 6; kneeling Hv 2, 1, 3; of the sick Mt 8:15; 9:6f; Mk 2:12; of those called back to life (cp. 4 Km 4:31) Mt 9:25; Lk 7:14. ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου rise from the table J 13:4; of one who has fallen Mt 17:7; Ac 9:8 (on ἀπὸ τ. γῆς cp. 2 Km 12:17; Ps 112:7).
    ⑤ to cause to come into existence, raise up, bring into being (Judg 2:16, 18 ἤγειρε αὐτοῖς κύριος κριτάς; 3:9, 15 σωτῆρα; Pr 10:12; TestLevi 18:2 ἱερέα; Jos., Ant. 8, 199) κέρας σωτηρίας a horn of salvation Lk 1:69; τέκνα τινί Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα he gave them David as (their) king Ac 13:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 19, 295). W. double acc. and dat. of advantage vs. 23 v.l.; τὶ someth. (Theognis 549 πόλεμον ἐ.; Appian, Hann. 41 §177 θόρυβον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 50 Jac. μάχην; Tat. 19, 3 στάσεις καὶ μάχας) cause θλῖψιν Phil 1:17 (Lucian, Syr. Dea 18 πένθος τινι).
    ⑥ to cause to return to life, raise up (the ancients closely associated death with sleep; s., e.g., Kaibel 559, 7f; RLattimore, Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs ’62, 164f al.) (Apollodor. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 138a Jac., of Asclepius. Similarly schol. on Lucian p. 55, 23 Rabe; Sir 48:5 ὁ ἐγείρας νεκρὸν ἐκ θανάτου; PGM 4, 195) Mt 10:8; J 5:21; Ac 26:8; 2 Cor 1:9; AcPt Ox 849 verso, 10; AcPl Ha 8, 35=BMM verso 9. Of the raising of Jesus Ac 5:30; 10:40; 13:37; 1 Cor 6:14; 15:15ff; 2 Cor 4:14. More fully ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν (mostly of Jesus’ resurr.) J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Ro 4:24; 8:11; 10:9; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:20; Col 2:12; 1 Th 1:10; Hb 11:19; 1 Pt 1:21; IMg 9:3; Pol 2:1f; AcPlCor 2:6. ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Of the raising of Christ’s flesh ISm 7:1.
    ⑦ to enter into or to be in a state of life as a result of being raised, be raised, rise, pass. intr., of one who has died (Is 26:19; TestJob 4:9; cp. 4 Km 4:31) approaches ἀναστῆναι in mng. (cp. mss. and synopt. parallels; s. ἀνίστημι 7) gen. νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται Mk 12:26; Lk 7:22; 20:37; 1 Cor 15:15f, 29, 32, 35, 52. Of Lazarus ἐγερθήσεται J 11:12 v.l. σώματα … ἠγέρθησαν Mt 27:52; ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευμάτικον 1 Cor 15:44; cp. 15:42f; τὸ σῶμα ἐγείρεται AcPlCor 2:27; cp. 2:26 (in imagery after 1 Cor 15:37). ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ Lk 16:30 v.l.; ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ 16:31 P75.—Of John the Baptist ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 14:2; cp. ἐκ νεκρῶν Mk 6:14; Lk 9:7.—Of Christ: ἐκ νεκρῶν Mt 17:9; J 2:22; 21:14; Ro 6:4, 9; 7:4; 1 Cor 15:12, 20 (cp. Just., D. 108, 2 ἐγηγέρθαι); 2 Ti 2:8. Also ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 27:64; 28:7; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Without this qualification τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι Mt 16:21; 17:23. καθῶς εἶπεν 28:6; ὄντως εἶπεν Mt 26:32; 26:34. διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν Ro 4:25; ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν (τῶν ζώντων) 2 Cor 5:15. Abs. Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28; 16:6; Lk 24:6, 14 (v.l. ἐκ νεκρῶν); Ro 8:34 (v.l. ἐκ ν.); 1 Cor 15:13f, 16f; AcPlCor 2:31.—For lit. s. on ἀνάστασις 2 end.
    ⑧ to raise up from sickness, raise up=restore to health (the sick pers. is ordinarily recumbent) Js 5:15; AcPl BMM verso 11 (Did., Gen. 168, 17).
    ⑨ to change to a previous good state or condition, restore, erect of buildings (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 18; Aelian, NA 11, 10; Herodian 3, 15, 3; 8, 2, 5; Lucian, Alex. 19; Anth. Pal. 9, 696; OGI 677, 3; 1 Esdr 5:43; Sir 49:13; ἐ. τρόπαιον Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 6; θυσιαστήριον Did., Gen. 223, 19) temple (ναόν: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §120; Lucian, Sacr. 11; Jos., Ant. 15, 391; 20, 228) J 2:19f.
    ⑩ to move someth. from its position by exerting effort in overcoming resistance, lift up ἔγειρον τ. λίθον lift up the stone, push the stone aside (Seleucus of Alex. [I A.D.]: 341 Fgm. 4 Jac. in buffoonery at a symposium, of a stone pushed out from under a participant who has put his head in a noose and has been given a small scimitar to cut the rope before it strangles him) (Ox 1 recto, 6 [=GTh 77]); LWright, JBL 65, ’46, 182; Unknown Sayings 95–98; AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–76.— Raise κονιορτόν (Polyaenus 4, 19; 7, 44, 1) Hv 4, 1, 5 (Jos. Bell. 5, 471 speaks in the pass. of the dust that ‘is raised’). Cp. Mt 12:11.
    ⑪ to move against in hostility, rise up, pass. intr., of nations rising in arms (Jer 6:22 v.l.) ἐ. ἐπί τινα against someone one nation against another Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10 (for ἐπί τινα cp. Appian, Liby. 68 §307; Jer 27:9; Jos., Ant. 8, 199).
    ⑫ to make an appearance, appear, pass. intr. of prophets Mt 11:11; Lk 7:16; J 7:52; of false prophets Mt 24:11, 24; Mk 13:22. Of accusers in court (w. ἐν τῇ κρίσει; s. ἀνίστημι 9) Mt 12:42; Lk 11:31 (on omission of ἐν τῇ κρίσει in ms. D, see MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 134).
    ⑬ in a command to evoke movement from a fixed position ἔγειρε, ἐγείρου get up!, come! impv.
    ⓐ act. intr. only in impv. (Eur., Iph. A. 624; Aristoph., Ran. 340; Aesop-mss. [Ursing 80]) Mt 9:5f; Mk 2:9 (v.l. ἐγείρου), 11; 3:3; 5:41; 10:49; Lk 5:23f; 6:8; 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); J 5:8; Ac 3:6 ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει; Rv 11:1; AcPl Ha 7, 28. Awakening of the ‘dead’ (with καθεύδειν and ἐγείρειν associated in figurative use, as in Plut., Mor. 462) in Mk 5:41; Lk 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); Eph 5:14 (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc., but without Gnostic motif acc. to KKuhn, NTS 7, ’60/61, 341–46; cp. PsSol 16:1–4) parallels the aspect of motion in passages cited in 1, 3–10, and others here in a above.
    ⓑ pass. intr. ἐγείρου get up! Mk 2:9 v.l.; Lk 8:54 v.l.; ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν get up! let us be going Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 14:31.—B. 271; 670. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

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  • 24 παντοκράτωρ

    παντοκράτωρ, ορος, ὁ (πᾶς, κρατέω; Kaibel 815 s. below; Porphyr., Philos. Ex. Orac. ed. GWolff 1856, p. 145 ln. 157=Theosophien 27 p. 174, 4; SEG VIII, 548, 2 [I B.C.], the fem.; CIG 2569, 12; Sb 4127, 19 of the Egypt. sun-god Mandulis; of Hermes PGM 7, 668; likew. Kaibel 815, 11 [II A.D.] π. Ἐριούνιε [Hermes]; PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.]; PLips 40 II, 13; PGM 4, 272; 969 [s. New Docs 3, 118]; HGraillot, Les Dieux tout-puissants, Cybèle et Attis: RevArch 58, 1904 I 331ff; Cumont3 230f.—Much more freq. in Jewish [LXX.—S. ZTalshir, JQR 78, ’87, 57–75; TestSol, TestAbr, ParJer; GrBar 1:3; EpArist, Philo; Sib-Or 1, 66 and Fgm. 1, 8.—Not in Joseph.] and Christian wr.: Iren. 1, 9, 2 [Harv. I 82, 4]; Theoph. Ant. 2, 3 [p. 100, 1]. π. of the Demiurge in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 11, 1 [Harv. I 101, 2]) the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God (as transl. of צְבָאוֹת [Orig., C. Cels. 5, 45, 46] and שַׁדַּי) π. θεός (3 Macc 6:2; Just., D. 38, 2 al.; Mel., P. 45, 322) 1 Cl ins; ὁ π. θεός (2 Macc 8:18) 2:3; 32:4; 62:2; AcPl Ha 6, 14; ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. Rv 16:14; 19:15; AcPlCor 2:12. ὁ θεὸς ὁ τῶν ὅλων ὁ π. 2:9. θεὸς π. (Jer 3:19) Pol ins; AcPlCor 1:11. ὁ π. καὶ παντοκτίστης καὶ ἀόρατος θεός Dg 7:2; κύριος π. (oft. LXX) 2 Cor 6:18. (ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. (=י״י אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת.—Hos 12:6; Am 3:13; 4:13; 5:14) Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22; MPol 14:1; κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ π. Rv 19:6; ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ π. MPol 19:2 (cp. Just., D. 139, 4). God is addressed in eucharistic prayer as δέσποτα π. D 10:3 (cp. 3 Macc 2:2 μόναρχε παντοκράτωρ).—νουθέτημα παντοκράτορος 1 Cl 56:6 (Job 5:17).—We find the gen. and dat. (sing.), which is the same in all genders, used w. the neut. ὄνομα. This becomes possible (s. παντοκρατορικός) because of the fact that God’s name is almost equivalent to God’s being (s. ὄνομα 1d). τῷ ῥήματι τοῦ παντοκράτορος καὶ ἐνδόξου ὀνόματος Hv 3, 3, 5. The ms. rdg. τῷ παντοκράτορι καὶ παναρέτῳ ὀνόματί σου 1 Cl 60:4 (s. παντοκρατορικός) is more difficult, since here the name and God are separated by σου.—FKattenbusch, Das apostolische Symbol II 1900, 520ff; Dodd 19; HHommel, TLZ 79, ’54, 283f. Pantokrator: Theologia Viatorum 5, ’53/54; OMontevecchi, Studi in Onore di ACalderini e RParibeni II, ’56, 401–32.—DELG s.v. πᾶς. M-M. DDD ‘Almighty’ 36–41. EDNT. TW. Sv.

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  • 25 σύνεσις

    σύνεσις, εως, ἡ (συνίημι; Hom. et al.)
    ① the faculty of comprehension, intelligence, acuteness, shrewdness (Pind. et al.; OGI 323, 6 [II B.C.] συνέσει κ. παιδείᾳ προάγων; LXX, pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 125; Ath. 1:3 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 76, 6; Did., Gen. 226, 12)
    ⓐ gener. Lk 2:47 (s. Jos., Vi. 8f); D 12:4. ἡ σύνεσις τῶν συνετῶν 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14). W. σοφία (Aristot., EN 1, 13, 20; Diod S 9, 3, 3; Dt 4:6) 1 Cl 32:4. The whole field of the inner life is covered by the expr. ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς συνέσεως καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος Mk 12:33.
    ⓑ in the religio-ethical realm (IG IV2/1, 86, 18; Iren. 1, 10, 3 [Harv. I 97, 11]) understanding such as God grants to God’s own (LXX; pseudepigr.; Just., D. 70, 5): w. σοφία, ἐπιστήμη, γνῶσις B 2:3; 21:5 (cp. Ex 31:3; 35:31; Sir 1:19). W. σοφία (as Jos., Ant. 8, 24): σύνεσις πνευματική Col 1:9. W. ἐπίγνωσις τ. μυστηρίου τοῦ θεοῦ: πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως 2:2. W. πίστις AcPl Ha 8, 34= BMM verso, 7f [συν]έσει. W. φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11). Personified w. other godly virtues (as gnostic name of an Aeon Iren. 1, 1, 2 [Harv. I 11, 8]) Hs 9, 15, 2. Where the Lord dwells there is σύνεσις πολλή m 10, 1, 6.—σύνεσιν αἰτεῖσθαι IPol 1:3; Hs 5, 4, 3f. σύνεσιν διδόναι Hm 4, 2, 2a. ς. λαμβάνειν (Aristot., EN 1161b, 26) Hs 9, 2, 6. ς. ἔχειν (Hdt. 2, 5) 9, 22, 2b and 3; D 12:1 (s. Hdb., Suppl. 1 ad loc.; for a difft. int. s. ἀριστερός). ἀπέστη ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ σύνεσις understanding has departed from them Hs 9, 22, 2a. ἐν τῇ συνέσει in the correct (God-given, comprehending the true mng.) understanding B 10:1. Repentance is σύν. Hm 4, 2, 2b, c, d.
    ⓒ the wisdom of the creator (Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 13]) 1 Cl 33:3; Hv 1, 3, 4.
    ② the content of understanding or comprehension, insight, understanding σύνεσις ἔν τινι insight into, understanding of someth. Eph 3:4; 2 Ti 2:7.—DELG s.v. ἵημι. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 26 νυμφίος

    νυμφίος, ου, ὁ (νύμφη; Hom. et al.; SIG 1024, 33f [c. 200 B.C.]; CPR I, 30, 37; Sb 10; LXX, JosAs, Mel., PBodmer XII.—In gnostic speculation: Iren. 1, 7, 1 [Harv. I 58, 9]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 34, 4) bridegroom Mt 9:15bc; 25:1, 5f, 10 (on the coming of the bridegroom, who outshines all other mortals, cp. Sappho 123 Diehl2, 5 [=Campbell 111]: ‘than a large man huger by far’); Mk 2:19f; Lk 5:34f; J 2:9; 3:29ac; Rv 18:23 (w. νύμφη [q.v. 1] as Diod S 5, 18, 1; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 110; Jos., Bell. 6, 301). ὁ φίλος τοῦ ν. (1 Macc 9:39; cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 20) the friend of the bridegroom (שׁוֹשְׁבִין) was a go-between in arranging the marriage, and then had a prominent place in the wedding festivities J 3:29b. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφίου Mt 9:15a D is surely not the original rdg. (Jülicher, Gleichn. 180f).—DELG s.v. νύμφη. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νυμφίος

  • 27 συντέλεια

    συντέλεια, ας, ἡ (orig. ‘community contribution’ [the basic semantic component relates to someth. that complements someth. already present]; in various senses Pla., Demosth. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En 106:18; TestSol; TestJob 4:6; Test12Patr; ApcEsdr 2:31 p. 26, 25 Tdf.; Aristobul., in Eus., PE 8, 10, 9[=Denis p. 219 ln. 11f; Holladay Fgm. 2, 55 p. 138]; Jos., Ant. 15, 389; 20, 262; Tat.; Ath., R. 12 p. 61, 31 ‘increment’; Theoph. Ant. 2, 31 [p. 176, 14] ‘posterity’) in our lit. only in a temporal sense: a point of time marking completion of a duration, completion, close, end (Polyb. 1, 3, 3; 1, 4, 3 al.; SIG 695, 13 [II B.C.]; POxy 1270, 42 [II A.D.] ς. τοῦ ἔτους; LXX; Iren. 1, 6, 1 [Harv. I 53, 2]) συντέλεια (τοῦ) αἰῶνος the end of the (present; αἰών 2a) age (TestBenj 11:3; TestJob 4:6) Mt 13:39f, 49; 24:3; 28:20. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου of this age 13:40 v.l., 49 v.l. τῶν αἰώνων of the ages (TestLevi 10:2; Did., Gen. 115, 19. Cp. in gnostic speculation ς. καὶ ἐκπύρωσις τοῦ παντός Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 8) Hb 9:26. τῶν καιρῶν (Da 9:27) Hv 3, 8, 9. τοῦ κόσμου Mt 13:49 D. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς συντελείας in the last days of the consummation (of the age) Hs 9, 12, 3 (cp. TestZeb 9:9 καιρὸς συντελείας; ApcEsdr 2:31 τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς συντελείας; cp. ViJer 13).—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > συντέλεια

  • 28 ἄγνοια

    ἄγνοια, ας, ἡ (since Aeschyl. and Thu. 8, 92, 11; ins, pap, LXX, Test12Patr, JosAs; EpArist 130; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 29, Ant. 18, 335, C. Ap. 1, 73; Just.; Tat. 7, 3; ἀγνοιῶν14, 1; Ath.; Mel. HE 4, 26, 10)
    ① in a gener. sense lack of information about someth., ignorance (Aeschyl. et al.) as v.l. for ἀγνωσία= ignorant talk 1 Pt 2:15 P72. But this may belong equally in 2.
    ② spec. lack of information that may result in reprehensible conduct, ignorance, unawareness, lack of discernment (opp. συνείδησις, γνῶσις, ἐπιστήμη, σοφία). In our lit., of unwareness in relation to deity or of unintentional or involuntary (as opposed to deliberate [cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 130; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 35]) moral lapses. (Cp. Steinleitner ins 14, 3 of one who was unaware that the grove in which he felled trees was sacred to deities; for an OT perspective s. Ps. 18:12 and cp. TestGad 5:7 μετάνοια ἀναιρεῖ τὴν ἄ.).
    ⓐ of those who condemned Jesus κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε you acted in ignorance=you were unaware of what you were doing Ac 3:17 (Polyb. 12, 12, 4; κατʼ ἄ. παραπαίειν; Parthenius 9, 8; Plut., Mor. 551e; POxy 237 VIII, 36; BGU 619, 4) ἄχρι τῆς ἀγνοίας as long as he knows nothing of it Hm 4, 1, 5; PtK 2 p. 14, 11; 3 p. 15, 26.—1 Pt 2:15 P72 (s. 1 above).
    ⓑ almost= sin (so LXX, e.g. Sir 23:3 [in parallelism with ἁμαρτίαι]; 28:7; PsSol 3:8; TestLevi 3:5; TestZeb 1:5; Philo, Ebr. 154ff; cp. Pla., Tht. 176c; Stoic. III, p. 65, 20; Diod S 14, 1, 3 τ. ἰδίαν ἄγνοιαν=one’s own mistaken conduct; Epict. 1, 26, 6; Herm. Wr. 13, 8; 11, 21 ἡ τελεία κακία τὸ ἀγνοεῖν τὸ θεῖον, also 10, 9; PTebt 24, 33 [II B.C.] of evildoers: λήγοντες τῆς ἀγνοίας.—Diod S 4, 11, 2 ἄ. is the “delusion” that drove Heracles to commit murder) IEph 19:3. Of the times when people did not know God τοὺς χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας Ac 17:30 (TestGad 5:7 μετάνοια ἀναιρεῖ τὴν ἄ). διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν (Diod S 11, 10, 2; SIG 904, 6; cp. Alex. Aphr., Fat. 19, II/2 p. 189, 16 διʼ ἄγνοιαν ἁμαρτάνειν); Eph 4:18. ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 Pt 1:14 (some find gnostic usage in the three NT passages cited); 2:15 v.l. (for ἀγνωσία). ἄ. προτέρα Hs 5, 7, 3. The pl. as v.l. for ἀπάταις 2 Pt 2:13.—LCerfaux, RAC I, 186–88. DELG s.v. γιγνώσκω 225. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄγνοια

  • 29 ὕλη

    ὕλη, ης, ἡ (Hom.+)
    ① a dense growth of trees, forest (Hom.+; JosAs 24:16 al., Jos. Ant. 18, 357; 366) Js 3:5. The tendency to use hyperbole in diatribe (cp. the imagery that precedes: ship-tongue) suggests this mng. in preference to
    ② the woody part of a tree, wood, pile of wood, wood used for building, etc. (Hom. et al.; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 110) (cp. Sir 28:10; Ps.-Phoc. 144).
    ③ the stuff out of which a thing is made, material, matter, stuff (Hom. et al.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 191; Just., A I, 59, 1 al.; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 38, 260; Ath. 19, 3) in our lit. only earthly, perishable, non-divine matter φθαρτὴ ὕλη (as Philo, Post. Cai. 165; Jos., Bell. 3, 372), fr. which idols are made (Maximus Tyr. 2, 3a; Just., A I, 9, 2) PtK 2 p. 14, 15; Dg 2:3. Humans, too, are made of such material 1 Cl 38:3 (Philo, Leg. All. 1, 83 ὕ. σωματική; Tat. 6, 2 σαρκική. Cp. Epict. 3, 7, 25 ἀνθρώπου ἡ ὕλη = τὰ σαρκίδια). W. connotation of that which is sinful, hostile to God (as in Philo and Gnostic lit.; Tat. 13, 2; 21, 4; Ath. 16, 3; 24, 4) IRo 6:2.—B. 46. DELG. M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὕλη

  • 30 γενεαλογία

    γενεαλογία, ας, ἡ (s. prec.; Pla., Crat. 396c; Polyb. 9, 2, 1; Dionys. Hal. 1, 11; TestSol D 1:12; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 44; Jos., Ant. 11, 71, C. Ap. 1, 16) an account of ancestry: genealogy 1 Ti 1:4 (for the combination w. μῦθοι cp. FGrH I 47f, in reference to myths cast in genealogical form, as in Hesiod; Polyb., loc. cit. περὶ τὰς γενεαλογίας καὶ μύθους; Julian, Or. 7, 205c); Tit 3:9, since Irenaeus 1 praef.; Tertullian, Praescr. Haer. 33, it has oft. been interpr. as referring to Gnostic teachings, esp. groups of Aeons; s. MDibelius, comm. Hermeneia ser. ad loc.—The interpr. which holds that the errors in question have a Jewish background and involve rabbinical speculation begins w. Ambrosiaster and Jerome, and is more or less favored by GKittel, D. γενεαλογίαι d. Past.: ZNW 20, 1921, 49–69; JJeremias4 ’47 ad loc.; RAC IX 1145–1268.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γενεαλογία

  • 31 κτίσμα

    κτίσμα, ατος, τό (s. two prec. entries and next entry; Polyb. 4, 70, 3; Dionys. Hal. 1, 59; Strabo 7, 5, 5; Vett. Val. 213, 6; SIG 799, 7 [38 A.D.]; PGM 7, 483; BGU 3, 19; LXX, pseudepigr.; Just.; Iren. 1, 5, 4 [Harv. I 48, 2] in gnostic speculation; loanw. in rabb.) in our lit. always (as Wsd 9:2; 13:5; 14:11; Sir 36:14; 38:34; 3 Macc 5:11; EpArist 17; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 93, 3]; Did., Gen. 220, 28) product of creative action, that which is created (by God), creature (created by God) πᾶν κ. θεοῦ καλόν everything created by God is good 1 Ti 4:4. πᾶν κ. ὅ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ every creature in heaven Rv 5:13.—Pl., of the components of creation (TestAbr B 7 p. 12, 8 [Stone p. 72] τὰ κτίσματα ἃ ἐκτίσατο … ὁ θεός; TestJob 47:11; Herm. Wr. 1, 18 πάντα τὰ κ.; Sextus 439; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 46, 39; Did., Gen. 109, 25) Dg 8:3.—τὰ κ. τὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Rv 8:9.—τὰ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ what God has created Hv 3, 9, 2; m 8:1; humankind is lord of it 12, 4, 3. The Christians are ἀπαρχή τις τῶν αὐτοῦ κ. a kind of first-fruits of (God’s) creatures (here κ. is to be thought of as referring chiefly to human beings; for a similar restriction in the use of κτίσις s. that entry 2) Js 1:18.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κτίσμα

  • 32 Κλεόβιος

    Κλεόβιος, ου (Suda K 1717 [ὄνομα ἱερέως εἰδώλων], s. also AcPt 3 [Aa I 48, 6]) Cleobius, a gnostic in Corinth AcPlCor 1:2 (perh. the same mentioned Eus., HE 4, 22, 5). AcPl Ha 6, 28.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Κλεόβιος

  • 33 Σήθ

    Σήθ, ὁ indecl. (שֵׁת; LXX, ApcMos, Philo; TestBenj 10:6.—Joseph. has Σῆθος, ου [Ant. 1, 68]) Seth, son of Adam and Eve and father of Enos (Gen 4:25f; 5:3-8; 1 Ch 1:1; Sir 49:16); in the genealogy of Jesus Lk 3:38.—AKlijn, Seth in Jewish, Christian, and Gnostic Literature ’77.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Σήθ

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