(naval+architect)

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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After schooling in France and Germany, Krylov returned to St Petersburg (as it then was) and in 1878 entered the Naval College. Upon graduating, he started work with the Naval Hydrographic Department; the combination of his genius and breadth of interest became apparent, and from 1888 until 1890 he undertook simultaneously a two-year university course in mathematics and a naval architecture course at his old college. On completion of his formal studies, Krylov commenced fifty years of service to the academic bodies of St Petersburg, including eight years as Superintendent of the Russian Admiralty Ship Model Experiment Tank. For many years he was Professor of Naval Architecture in the city, reorganizing the methods of teaching of his profession in Russia. It was during this period that he laid the foundations of his remarkable research and published the first of his many books destined to become internationally accepted in the fields of waves, rolling, ship motion and vibration. Practical work was not overlooked: he was responsible for the design of many vessels for the Imperial Russian Navy, including the battleships Sevastopol and Petropavlovsk, and went on, as Director of Naval Construction, to test anti-rolling tanks aboard military vessels in the North Atlantic in 1913. Following the Revolution, Krylov was employed by the Soviet Union to re-establish scientific links with other European countries, and on several occasions he acted as Superintendent in the procurement of important technical material from overseas. In 1919 he was appointed Head of the Marine Academy, and from then on participated in many scientific conferences and commissions, mainly in the shipbuilding field, and served on the Editorial Board of the well-respected Russian periodical Sudostroenie (Shipbuilding). The breadth of his personal research was demonstrated by the notable contributions he made to the Russian development of the gyro compass.

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AK / FMW

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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He was the son of Jeremiah Bentham, a lawyer. His mother died when he was an infant and his early education was at Westminster. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a master shipwright at Woolwich and later at Chatham Dockyard, where he made some small improvements in the fittings of ships. In 1778 he completed his apprenticeship and sailed on the Bienfaisant on a summer cruise of the Channel Fleet where he suggested and supervised several improvements to the steering gear and gun fittings.

Unable to find suitable employment at home, he sailed for Russia to study naval architecture and shipbuilding, arriving at St Petersburg in 1780, whence he travelled throughout Russia as far as the frontier of China, examining mines and methods of working metals. He settled in Kritchev in 1782 and there established a small shipyard with a motley work-force. In 1784 he was appointed to command a battalion. He set up a yard on the "Panopticon" principle, with all workshops radiating from his own central office. He increased the armament of his ships greatly by strengthening the hulls and fitting guns without recoil, which resulted in a great victory over the Turks at Liman in 1788. For this he was awarded the Cross of St George and promoted to Brigadier- General. Soon after, he was appointed to a command in Siberia, where he was responsible for opening up the resources of the country greatly by developing river navigation.

In 1791 he returned to England, where he was at first involved in the development of the Panopticon for his brother as well as with several other patents. In 1795 he was asked to look into the mechanization of the naval dockyards, and for the next eighteen years he was involved in improving methods of naval construction and machinery. He was responsible for the invention of the steam dredger, the caisson method of enclosing the entrances to docks, and the development of non-recoil cannonades of large calibre.

His intervention in the maladministration of the naval dockyards resulted in an enquiry that brought about the clearing-away of much corruption, making him very unpopular. As a result he was sent to St Petersburg to arrange for the building of a number of ships for the British navy, in which the Russians had no intention of co-operating. On his return to England after two years he was told that his office of Inspector-General of Navy Works had been abolished and he was appointed to the Navy Board; he had several disagreements with John Rennie and in 1812 was told that this office, too, had been abolished. He went to live in France, where he stayed for thirteen years, returning in 1827 to arrange for the publication of some of his papers.

There is some doubt about his use of his title: there is no record of his having received a knighthood in England, but it was assumed that he was authorized to use the title, granted to him in Russia, after his presentation to the Tsar in 1809.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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Murray was educated in Glasgow at Allan Glen's School and then at the University, from which he graduated in naval architecture in 1922. He served an apprenticeship simultaneously with Barclay Curle \& Co., rising to the rank of Assistant Shipyard Manager before leaving in 1927 to join Lloyd's Register of Shipping. After an initial year in Newcastle, he joined the head office in London, which was to be base for the remainder of his working life. Starting with plan approval, he worked his way to experimental work on ship structures and was ultimately given the massive task of revising Lloyd's Rules and placing them on a scientific basis. During the Second World War he acted as liaison officer between Lloyd's and the Admiralty. Throughout his career he presented no fewer than twenty-two papers on ship design, and of these nearly half dealt with hull longitudinal strength. This work won him considerable acclaim and several awards and was of fundamental importance to the shipping industry. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects honoured Murray in 1960 by inviting him to present one of the only two papers read at their centenary meeting: "Merchant ships 1860–1960". At Lloyd's Register he rose to Chief Ship Surveyor, and at the time of his death was Honorary Vice-President of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects.

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1) General subject: marine architect, (военный) naval architect, shipwright, shipbuilder

2) Naval: ship constructor

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m <Ind, Transp> naval architect, shipbuilder

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m <Ind, Transp> naval architect

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m <Ind, Transp> Marinerang naval architect

m, Schiffbauingenieurin f naval architect

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Schiffbauingenieur m, Schiffbauingenieurin f naval architect

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shipbuilder

shipwright

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North America; Naval Attache/; National Army; Nautical Almanac; Naval Accounts; Naval Architect; Naval auxiliary; National Academy

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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From 1844 until 1962, the Clyde shipyard of William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton, produced over 1,500 ships, trained innumerable students of all nationalities in shipbuilding and marine engineering, and for the seventy-plus years of their existence were accepted worldwide as the leaders in the application of science to ship design and construction. Until the closure of the yard members of the Denny family were among the partners and later directors of the firm: they included men as distinguished as Dr Peter Denny (1821(?)–95), Sir Archibald Denny (1860–1936) and Sir Maurice Denny (1886– 1955), the main collaborator in the design of the Denny-Brown ship stabilizer.

One of the most influential of this shipbuilding family was William Denny, now referred to as William 3! His early education was at Dumbarton, then on Jersey and finally at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, before he commenced an apprenticeship at his father's shipyard. From the outset he not only showed great aptitude for learning and hard work but also displayed an ability to create good relationships with all he came into contact with. At the early age of 21 he was admitted a partner of the shipbuilding business of William Denny and Brothers, and some years later also of the associated engineering firm of Denny \& Co. His deep-felt interest in what is now known as industrial relations led him in 1871 to set up a piecework system of payment in the shipyard. In this he was helped by the Yard Manager, Richard Ramage, who later was to found the Leith shipyard, which produced the world's most elegant steam yachts. This research was published later as a pamphlet called The Worth of Wages, an unusual and forward-looking action for the 1860s, when Denny maintained that an absentee employer should earn as much contempt and disapproval as an absentee landlord! In 1880 he initiated an awards scheme for all company employees, with grants and awards for inventions and production improvements. William Denny was not slow to impose new methods and to research naval architecture, a special interest being progressive ship trials with a view to predicting effective horsepower. In time this led to his proposal to the partners to build a ship model testing tank beside the Dumbarton shipyard; this scheme was completed in 1883 and was to the third in the world (after the Admiralty tank at Torquay, managed by William Froude and the Royal Netherlands Navy facility at Amsterdam, under B.J. Tideman. In 1876 the Denny Shipyard started work with mild-quality shipbuilding steel on hulls for the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and in 1879 the world's first two ships of any size using this weight-saving material were produced: they were the Rotomahana for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and the Buenos Ayrean for the Allan Line of Glasgow. On the naval-architecture side he was involved in Denny's proposals for standard cross curves of stability for all ships, which had far-reaching effects and are now accepted worldwide. He served on the committee working on improvements to the Load Line regulations and many other similar public bodies. After a severe bout of typhoid and an almost unacceptable burden of work, he left the United Kingdom for South America in June 1886 to attend to business with La Platense Flotilla Company, an associate company of William Denny and Brothers. In March the following year, while in Buenos Aires, he died by his own hand, a death that caused great and genuine sadness in the West of Scotland and elsewhere.

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engineer.

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► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 engineer

\

ingeniero,-a agrónomo agronomist

ingeniero,-a de caminos, canales y puertos civil engineer

ingeniero,-a forestal forestry expert

ingeniero,-a industrial industrial engineer

ingeniero,-a de minas mining engineer

ingeniero,-a técnico technical engineer

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SM esp Méx graduate; [título] sir

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- ra masculino, femenino engineer

- ingeniero aeronáutico -ra aeronáutica

- ingeniero agrónomo -ra agrónoma

- ingeniero -ra civil/industrial

- ingeniero -ra de sistemas

- ingeniero mecánico -ra mecánica

- ingeniero -ra superior

- ingeniero técnico -ra técnica

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= engineer.

Ex. Scientists, engineers and other subject specialists may be employed together with information scientists as full-time abstractors.

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* ingeniero agrónomo = agronomist.

* ingeniero astronáutico = rocket scientist.

* ingeniero civil = civil engineer.

* ingeniero de caminos = civil engineer.

* ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.

* ingeniero del cuerpo de zapadores = Army Corps engineer.

* ingeniero de minas = mining engineer.

* ingeniero de sonido = sound engineer.

* ingeniero de telecomunicaciones = telecom engineer.

* ingeniero forestal = wildlife manager.

* ingeniero informático = computer engineer.

* ingeniero militar = military engineer.

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- ra masculino, femenino engineer

- ingeniero aeronáutico -ra aeronáutica

- ingeniero agrónomo -ra agrónoma

- ingeniero -ra civil/industrial

- ingeniero -ra de sistemas

- ingeniero mecánico -ra mecánica

- ingeniero -ra superior

- ingeniero técnico -ra técnica

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engineer

aeronautical o aircraft engineer

agriculturist

civil engineer

( Esp) civil engineer

mining engineer

forestry engineer

systems engineer

sound engineer

television engineer

flight engineer

industrial engineer

mechanical engineer

naval architect

chemical engineer

engineer ( qualified after a five-year university course)

engineer ( qualified after a three-year university course)

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◊ -ra sustantivo masculino, femenino

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♦ nm,f

engineer

ingeniero agrónomo agronomist;

ingeniero civil civil engineer;

ingeniero electrónico electrical o electronic engineer;

ingeniero de imagen Br vision mixer, US switcher;

ingeniero industrial industrial engineer;

ingeniero de minas mining engineer;

ingeniero de montes forester, forestry engineer;

ingeniero naval marine engineer;

ingeniero de programas software engineer;

ingeniero químico chemical engineer;

ingeniero de sistemas systems engineer;

ingeniero de sonido sound engineer;

ingeniero superior = engineer who has done a full five-year university course;

ingeniero técnico = engineer who has done a three-year university course rather than a full five-year course;

ingeniero de telecomunicaciones telecommunications engineer;

ingeniero de vuelo flight engineer

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m, ingeniera f engineer

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ingeniero, -ra n

: engineer

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ingeniero n engineer

1) (скор. від North America) Півні́чна Аме́рика

2) (скор. від Naval Architect) інжене́р-кораблебудівни́к

3) (скор. від Naval Attaché) військо́во-морськи́й аташе́

4) (скор. від Naval Aviation) військо́во-морська́ авіа́ція

5) (скор. від not above) не ви́ще; не бі́льше

(скор. від not available) нема́є в ная́вності

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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For a man who contributed much to the history of shipbuilding in Britain, surprisingly little is known of his life and times. The family are reputedly descendants of Danish or Norwegian shipbuilders who emigrated to England around the late seventeenth century. It is known, however, that Marmaduke was the fourth child of his father, Hugh Stalkartt, but the second child of Hugh's second wife.

Stalkartt is believed to have served an apprenticeship at the Naval Yard at Deptford on the Thames. He had advanced sufficiently by 1796 for the Admiralty to send him to India to establish shipyards dedicated to the construction of men-of-war in teak. The worsening supply of oak from England, and to a lesser extent Scotland, coupled with the war with France was making ship procurement one of the great concerns of the time. The ready supply of hardwoods from the subcontinent was a serious attempt to overcome this problem. For some years one of the shipyards in Calcutta was known as Stalkartt's Yard and this gives some credence to the belief that Stalkartt left the Navy while overseas and started his own shipbuilding organization.

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1) General subject: shipwright (рабочий-), shipbuilder

2) Naval: naval architect, boat builder