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1 MERCY
– HAVE MERCY órava- (+ locative to denote the object of the mercy; compare English "have mercy on [someone]; Tolkien expressed "have mercy on us" as órava messë) Another form, ócama or ocama, was possibly abandoned by Tolkien. –VT44:12-14 -
2 US
The exclusive pronoun (us = “I and some others, not you”) is me (suffixed to ála “do not” in álamë tulya, "do not lead us”, VT43:12, 22). This pronoun evidently connects with the ending -lmë, see WE. Inclusive "us" (i.e. "you and me") should apparently be *ve (for older we), connecting with the subject ending -lvë (older -lwë). If the pronouns me, *ve are stressed, the vowel may be lengthened (mé, vé, VT49:51). In another conceptual phase, Tolkien’s word for inclusive "we, us" may have been *ngwë (Third Age Quenya *nwë), VT48:11. The dual forms receive the ending -t, hence met, wet > *vet as the words for “us” referring to only two persons (exclusive met = “me and one other [not you]”; inclusive wet/*vet = “thee and me”). – Evidently me, *ve would be the same as subject and object, so that these forms could also be translated "we" as a short independent pronoun, and they can also receive case endings, e.g. attested forms like locative messë "on us", allative mello "from us", dative men "for us", allative véna “to us”. The forms atarmë, metermë "for us" also seem to include me, but these forms were evidently ephemeral ("for us", exclusive, is better rendered as men, itself an attested form). –Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:15, 19, VT44:18, VT49:14 -
3 WE, US
The relevant Quenya pronouns make two distinctions not found in English. “We” can be either inclusive or exclusive, depending on whether the party addressed is included in “we” or not. Furthermore, “we” can be either plural (involving at least three persons) or dual (involving only two persons, the speaker and one other). Tolkien repeatedly revised the relevant endings. According to VT49:16, 51 one late resolution goes like this: The ending for plural exclusive “we” is -lmë, corresponding to dual exclusive -mmë. Hence e.g. carilmë *“we [not including you] do”, carimmë *“the two of us do; I and one other [not you] do”. The ending for plural inclusive “we” is to be -lwë or -lvë, corresponding to -ngwë for dual inclusive “we” (VT49:16; variant -nquë in VT49:51): Carilwë “we [including you] do”, caringwë “the two of us do; thou and I do”. The corresponding independent pronouns were pl. exclusive me, pl. inclusive we or later ve with variant vi (PE17:130); when stressed these could have long vowels (mé and wé > vé, VT49:51). They may also appear in object position (“us” rather than “we”), e.g. suffixed to ála “do not” in the negative command álamë tulya, "do not lead us" (VT43:12, 22). If these pronouns are to be dual, they receive the dual ending -t (exclusive met, inclusive wet > *vet; compare imbë met “between us [two]” in Namarië). The dual pronouns do not have a long vowel even when stressed. The pronouns me, we/*ve and their long variants can also receive case endings, like dative men or véna “for us” (VT43:27, 28, 33, VT49:14) or locative messë "on us" (VT44:12). An emphatic pronoun is attested as emmë “we” (VT43:20), this reflects an earlier conceptual stage where Tolkien used the forms in -mmë for plural rather than dual exclusive “we” (VT49:48, cf. forms like vammë, WJ:371); presumably he would later regard emmë as a dual exclusive form, corresponding to pl. *elmë (and with *elwë > *elvë and *engwë as the emphatic pronouns for inclusive “you”, plural and dual, respectively). These emphatic pronouns can also receive case endings; the dative form emmen “for us” is attested (VT43:12, 20). – Genitive forms, see OUR; reflexive pronouns, see OURSELVES.
См. также в других словарях:
Messe- — Messe … Deutsch Wörterbuch
messe — [ mɛs ] n. f. • Xe; lat. chrét. missa, p. p. subst. de mittere « envoyer », d apr. Ite (allez), missa est 1 ♦ Dans la religion catholique, Sacrifice du corps et du sang de Jésus Christ sous les espèces du pain et du vin, par le ministère du… … Encyclopédie Universelle
messe — MESSE. s. f. Sacrifice du corps & du sang de nostre Seigneur Jesus Christ qui se fait par le Prestre à l Autel, suivant la forme prescrite par l Eglise. Grand messe, ou messe haute. petite messe, ou basse messe. messe Paroissiale, ou messe de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Messe — steht für: Heilige Messe, Ritus in der römisch katholischen Kirche Deutsche Messe (Gottesdienst) oder evangelischen Messe, der lutherischen Abendmahlsgottesdienst Messe (Musik), die Vertonung der Messliturgie Messe (Wirtschaft), eine Warenschau… … Deutsch Wikipedia
messe — Messe, Missa, Sacrum, Res diuina, ab Hebraica dictione Missah, qui signifie selon aucuns autant que Oblatio. Messe solennelle, Solennis eucharistia. B. Res sacra peracta cum solenni apparatu, et ministerio primario et secundario, id est, Diacono… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
Messé — Messé … Wikipedia
Messe — may refer to: Messé, France Mass (music) or messe Trade fair or messe Messe (Nuremberg U Bahn) People with the surname Giovanni Messe This disambiguation page lists articles associated wi … Wikipedia
Messe — ¹Messe Andacht, Gottesdienst; (ev. Kirche): Abendmahlsfeier; (kath. Kirche): Amt, Eucharistie. ²Messe Exposition, Markt, [Verkaufs]ausstellung, [Verkaufs]schau. * * * Messe,die:1.〈großeAusstellungvonWarenmustern〉Mustermesse·Musterschau·Musterausst… … Das Wörterbuch der Synonyme
Messé — País … Wikipedia Español
Messe Nr. 1 — steht für Messe d Moll (Bruckner) Messe Nr. 1 F Dur (Schubert) Missa sancta Nr. 1, Carl Maria v. Weber Siehe auch: Liste der Messen (nach Komponist) Diese Seite … Deutsch Wikipedia
messé — messé, ée (mè sé, sée) adj. Terme familier qui se dit quelquefois dans cette locution : être messé, avoir entendu la messe … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
