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101 Take Care of My Little Girl
1951 – США (94 мин)Произв. Fox (Джулиан Блаустин)Реж. ЖАН НЕГУЛЕСКУСцен. Джулиус Дж. и Филип Дж. Эпстины по одноименному роману Пегги ГудинОпер. Гарри Джексон (Technicolor)Муз. Алфред НьюменВ ролях Джинн Крейн (Лиз), Дейл Робертсон (Джо Блейк), Мици Гейнор (Аделаида), Джин Питерз (Даллас), Джеффри Хантер (Чад Карнз), Бетти Линн (Мардж), Хелен Уэскотт (Мерри Кумз), Ленка Питерсон (Рут), Кэрол Брэннон (Кэйси), Биверли Деннис (Дженет).Девушка из высшего общества Лиз идет по стопам матери и с радостью поступает в очень престижный колледж, где некогда познакомились ее родители. Колледж поделен на разные «братства» и «общества» (группы, для членства в которых необходимо произнести клятву или пройти некий ритуал). Самым большим спросом пользуется общество «TRI-U» («тройной ипсилон»). Каждый год в него принимают только 15 новых членов. Как и большинство ее знакомых, Лиз мечтает попасть в их число. Ее берут на испытательный срок. Ее подругу Дженет, девушку из более скромной семьи, взять отказываются, и Дженет тут же решает бросить колледж. Лиз знакомится с Джо Блейком, студентом-старостой, который с иронией относится к обществам. За ней ухаживает Чад, известный сердцеед, принадлежащий к самому видному мужскому «братству». Поддавшись его обаянию, она помогает ему сжульничать на экзамене по французскому. Приходит срок, когда соискательницы должны целую неделю пробыть в рабстве у девушек из «TRI-U». Каждой дают абсурдные и утомительные поручения. Рут, девушка благожелательная, но очень неуклюжая и невезучая, узнает, что никогда не добьется большинства голосов, необходимых для вступления в общество. Несмотря на это, она продолжает выполнять задания, пока не валится с ног. Ее отводят в лазарет, где ставят диагноз: пневмония. Обдумав события последних недель, Лиз отказывается вступать в «TRI-U» и переходит на сторону Джо.► Как ни в чем не бывало, со сдержанной, но хлесткой иронией Негулеску кропотливо, на манер ученого-энтомолога, описывает некоторые социальные ритуалы в престижном американском колледже. Он демонстрирует их нелепую инфантильность, но при этом – крайнюю жестокость, которая становится еще более показательной в женской среде. Этот женский вариант масонства, в котором на словах превозносятся понятия дружбы и солидарности, на самом деле построен на показушности, снобизме, любви к деньгам, культе общественных отношений. В случае необходимости он может служить прикрытием для любой подлости. Негулеску максимально сжимает сюжет и не добавляет в действие никаких внешних драматургических элементов. В оправданно зрелищном режиссерском стиле, с большим количеством ночных сцен в мрачных тонах, он показывает замкнутый, искусственный мирок – символ многих социальных группировок, приносящих человеческие жертвы и не способных найти какую-либо положительную цель. Соответственно, фильм прославляет индивидуализм и независимое мышление. Восхитительная операторская работа в цвете, выполненная великолепным Гарри Джексоном, снявшим Анну Индийскую, Anne of the Indies и Путь гаучо, Way of а Gaucho, 1952. Критика и зрелищность – это Голливуд в лучшем виде. Ибо, как говорил Карлос Клэренс в предисловии к своей книге о Джордже Кьюкоре (London, Seeker and Warburg, 1976), «голливудское искусство в своем лучшем воплощении – это подрывное искусство».Авторская энциклопедия фильмов Жака Лурселля > Take Care of My Little Girl
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102 Haupt, Hans
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]fl. c.1930 Berlin, Germany[br]German inventor of the telescopic umbrella.[br]Few biographical details are known of Hans Haupt, other than that he invented the telescopic umbrella in Berlin in 1930. His device gave protection from rain and sun similar to that provided by Samuel Fox's lightweight steel-framed device of 1874, but it was much more compact when folded.[br]Further ReadingThere is a brief mention in I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, p. 853; and in C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press.RLH -
103 Pihl, Carl Abraham
[br]b. 16 January 1825 Stavanger, Norwayd. 14 September 1897 Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway[br]Norwegian railway engineer, protagonist of narrow-gauge railways.[br]Pihl trained as an engineer at Göteborg, Sweden, and then moved to London, where he worked under Robert Stephenson during 1845 and 1846. In 1850 he returned to Norway and worked with the English contractors building the first railway in Norway, the Norwegian Trunk Railway from Kristiania to Eidsvold, for which the English standard gauge was used. Subsequently he worked in England for a year, but in 1856 joined the Norwegian government's Road Department, which was to have responsibility for railways. In 1865 a distinct Railway Department was set up, and Pihl became Director for State Railway Construction. Because of the difficulties of the terrain and limited traffic, Pihl recommended that in the case of two isolated lines to be built the outlay involved in ordinary railways would not be justified, and that they should be built to the narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m). His recommendation was accepted by the Government in 1857 and the two lines were built to this gauge and opened during 1861–4. Six of their seven locomotives, and all their rolling stock, were imported from Britain. The lines cost £3,000 and £5,000 per mile, respectively; a standard-gauge line built in the same period cost £6,400 per mile.Subsequently, many hundreds of miles of Norwegian railways were built to 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) gauge under Pihl's direction. They influenced construction of railways to this gauge in Australia, Southern Africa, New Zealand, Japan and elsewhere. However, in the late 1870s controversy arose in Norway over the economies that could in fact be gained from the 3 ft 6 in. (1,07 m) gauge. This controversy in the press, in discussion and in the Norwegian parliament became increasingly acrimonious during the next two decades; the standard-gauge party may be said to have won with the decision in 1898, the year after Pihl's death, to build the Bergen-Oslo line to standard gauge.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight of the Order of St Olaf 1862; Commander of the Order of St Olaf 1877. Commander of the Royal Order of Vasa 1867. Royal Order of the Northern Star 1882.Further ReadingP.Allen and P.B.Whitehouse, 1959, Narrow Gauge Railways of Europe, Ian Allan (describes the Norwegian Battle of the Gauges).A biographical article on Pihl appears (in Norwegian) in Norsk Biografisk Leksikon.PJGR -
104 Talbot, Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 September 1864 Wellington, Shropshire, Englandd. 16 December 1947 Solberge Hall, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England[br]Talbot, William Henry Fox English steelmaker and businessman who introduced a technique for producing steel "continuously" in large tilting basic-lined open-hearth furnaces.[br]After spending some years at his father's Castle Ironworks and at Ebbw Vale Works, Talbot travelled to the USA in 1890 to become Superintendent of the Southern Iron and Steel Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he initiated basic open-hearth steelmaking and a preliminary slag washing to remove silicon. In 1893 he moved to Pennsylvania as Steel Superintendent at the Pencoyd works; there, six years later, he began his "continuous" steelmaking process. Returning to Britain in 1900, Talbot marketed the technique: after ten years it was in successful use in Britain, continental Europe and the USA; it promoted the growth of steel production.Meanwhile its originator had joined the Cargo Fleet Iron Company Limited on Teesside, where he was made Managing Director in 1907. Twelve years later he assumed, in addition, the same position in the allied South Durham Steel and Iron Company Limited. While remaining Managing Director, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of both companies in 1925, and Chairman in 1940. The companies he controlled survived the depressed 1920s and 1930s and were significant contributors to British steel output, with a capacity of more than half a million tonnes per year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Iron and Steel Institute 1928, and (British) National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1908. Franklin Institute (Philadelphia), Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, and John Scott Medal 1908.Bibliography1900, "The open-hearth continuous steel process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 57 (1):33–61.1903, "The development of the continuous open-hearth process", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 63(1):57–73.1905, "Segregation in steel ingots", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 68(2):204–23. 1913, "The production of sound steel by lateral compression of the ingot whilst its centre is liquid", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 87(1):30–55.Further ReadingG.Boyce, 1986, entry in Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. V, ed. J.Jeremy, Butterworth.W.G.Willis, 1969, South Durham Steel and Iron Co. Ltd, South Durham Steel and Iron Company Ltd (includes a few pages specifically on Talbot, and a portrait photo). J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (mentions Talbot's business attitudes).JKA
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