(liquore)

rē̆-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [frango], to break up, break open (class.; syn.: perfringo, dissicio).

Lit.:

cellas,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10: postes portasque, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 622, and ap. Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 2, 33; Liv. 10, 43; 24, 30; 25, 9 et saep. al.:

januam,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

palatii fores,

id. H. 1, 35:

claustra,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17; Val. Fl. 1, 595:

carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44 fin.:

glaebam et revolvere in pulverem,

Col. 11, 2, 60:

totas refringere vestes,

to tear open, Ov. M. 9, 208:

radium solis refringi,

is refracted, Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150.—

In gen., to break, break in pieces, break off ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae demersa liquore obeunt, refracta videntur Omnia convorti sursumque supina revorti,

Lucr. 4, 440:

refringit virgulta pede vago,

Cat. 63, 86: ramum, to break off, * Verg. A. 6, 210; so,

mucronem,

Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41; cf.

aculeos,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:

silvas (Hyleus),

Stat. Th. 4, 139. —

Trop., to break, break in pieces, check, weaken, destroy, etc.:

vim fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 37:

impotentem dominationem,

Nep. Lys. 1, 4; cf.:

Teutonicas opes, Frop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 44: nec Priami domus Achivos refringit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 28:

ingeniorum impetus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 7:

claustra pudoris et reverentiae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 4: verba, to mutilate or mangle speech, like children, Stat. S. 2, 1, 123.

spūmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [spuma].

Neutr., to foam, froth ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): caeruleum spumat sale, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26 (Ann. v. 378 Vahl.):

maria salsa spumant sanguine,

id. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.):

fluctu spumabant caerula cano,

Verg. A. 8, 672:

adductis spumant freta versa lacertis,

id. ib. 5, 141; cf. Lucr. 3, 493:

spumans aper,

Verg. A. 4, 158; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 243: Amasenus spumabat, [p. 1748] Verg. A. 11, 548:

equus spumat habenis,

Luc. 6, 399:

pocula bina novo spumantia lacte,

Verg. E. 5, 67:

patera,

id. A. 1, 739; cf.:

spumat plenis vindemia labris,

id. G. 2, 6:

spumans bilis,

Cels. 7, 23; Plin. 32, 7, 25, § 78:

terra respersa aceto spumat,

foams up, boils up, effervesces, Cels. 5, 27, 4:

frena spumantia,

covered with foam, Verg. A. 4, 135; 5, 817:

mella,

id. G. 4, 140:

sanguis,

id. A. 9, 456.—Of an angry person:

spumantibus ardens visceribus,

Juv. 13, 14. —

Act., to cause to foam, to foam forth, cover with foam (very rare).

Lit.: saxa salis niveo spumata liquore, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 7, 13.—

Trop.:

ex ore scelus,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 282.

tĕro, trīvi, trītum, 3 ( perf. terii, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; perf. sync. tristi, Cat. 66, 30), v. a. [root ter; Gr. teirô, truô, tribô, to rub; cf. Lat. tribulare, triticum; akin to terên, tender, Lat. teres], to rub, rub to pieces; to bruise, grind, bray, triturate (syn.: frico, tundo, pinso).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.: num me illuc ducis, ubi lapis lapidem terit? (i. e. into a mill), Plaut. As. 1, 1, 16:

lacrimulam oculos terendo vix vi exprimere,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

teritur lignum ligno ignemque concipit attritu,

Plin. 16, 40, 77. § 208: sed nihil hederā praestantius quae [p. 1860] teritur, lauro quae terat, id. ib.:

aliquid in mortario,

id. 34, 10, 22, § 104:

aliquid in farinam,

id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:

bacam trapetis,

Verg. G. 2, 519:

unguibus herbas,

Ov. M. 9, 655:

dentes in stipite,

id. ib. 8, 369:

lumina manu,

Cat. 66, 30:

sucina trita redolent,

Mart. 3, 64, 5:

piper,

Petr. 74:

Appia trita rotis,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 44:

cibum in ventre,

i. e. to digest, Cels. 1 praef. med. — Poet.: labellum calamo, i. e. to rub one ' s lip (in playing), Verg. E. 2, 34:

calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

treads upon, id. A. 5, 324:

crystalla labris,

Mart. 9, 23, 7.—

In partic.

To rub grain from the ears by treading, to tread out, thresh:

frumentum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 5:

milia frumenti tua triverit area centum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 45:

area dum messes teret,

Tib. 1, 5, 22:

teret area culmos,

Verg. G. 1, 192; cf.:

ut patria careo, bis frugibus area trita est,

i. e. it has twice been harvest-time, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 19.—

To cleanse or beautify by rubbing, to smooth, furbish, burnish, polish, sharpen (syn.:

polio, acuo): oculos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 103:

crura mordaci pumice,

Ov. A. A. 1, 506:

hinc radios trivere rotis,

smoothed, turned, Verg. G. 2, 444:

vitrum torno,

Plin. 36, 26, 66, § 193:

catillum manibus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 90:

tritus cimice lectus,

Mart. 11, 33, 1.—

To lessen by rubbing, to rub away; to wear away by use, wear out:

(navem) ligneam, saepe tritam,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 52:

hoc (tempus) rigidas silices, hoc adamanta terit,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6. 14:

ferrum,

to dull, id. M. 12, 167:

mucronem rubigine silicem liquore,

Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 15:

trita labore colla,

Ov. M. 15, 124:

trita subucula,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

trita vestis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 38:

librum,

i. e. to read often, Mart. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 4; cf.:

quid haberet, Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus?

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 92:

pocula labris patrum trita,

Mart. 11, 12, 3: ut illum di terant, qui primum olitor caepam protulit, crush, annihilate, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 681 P.—

Of persons, pass., to be employed in. occupied with:

nos qui in foro verisque litibus terimur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5:

litibus,

id. ib. 10, 12, 3.—

To tread often, to visit, frequent a way or place (cf.:

calco, calcito): angustum formica terens iter,

Verg. G. 1, 380:

iter propositum,

Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 14:

Appiam mannis,

Hor. Epod. 4, 14:

viam,

Ov. A. A. 1, 52; Lucr. 1, 927:

via trita pede,

Tib. 4, 13, 10:

ambulator porticum terit,

Mart. 2, 11, 2:

limina,

id. 10, 10, 2:

mea nocturnis trita fenestra dolis,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 16:

nec jam clarissimorum virorum receptacula habitatore servo teruntur,

Plin. Pan. 50, 3: flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr 259. —

In mal. part.:

Bojus est, Bojam terit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 108; so Prop. 3, 11 (4. 10), 30; Petr. 87. —

Trop. (freq. in good prose).

To wear away, use up, i. e. to pass, spend time; usu. to waste, spend in dissipation, etc. (syn.:

absumo, consumo): teritur dies,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 20:

diem sermone terere segnities merast,

id. Trin. 3, 3, 67:

naves diem trivere,

Liv. 37, 27, 8:

tempus in convivio luxuque,

id. 1, 57, 9:

tempus ibi in secreto,

id. 26, 19, 5:

omnem aetatem in his discendis rebus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

teretur interea tempus,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 30:

jam alteram aetatem bellis civilibus,

Hor. Epod. 16, 1:

omne aevum ferro,

Verg. A. 9, 609:

spe otia,

id. ib. 4, 271:

otium conviviis comissationibusque inter se,

Liv. 1, 57, 5. —

To expend, employ (late Lat.):

qui operam teri frustra,

Amm. 27, 12, 12. —

To exert greatly, exhaust:

ne in opere longinquo sese tererent, Liv 6, 8, 10: ut in armis terant plebem,

id. 6, 27, 7.—

Of language, to wear out by use, i. e. to render common, commonplace, or trite (in verb finit. very rare, but freq. as a P. a.):

jam hoc verbum satis hesterno sermone trivimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18:

quae (nomina) nunc consuetudo diurna trivit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15.—

To tread under foot, i. e. to injure, violate a thing:

jurata deorum majestas teritur,

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 228. — Hence, P. a.: trītus, a, um.

Prop. of a road or way, oft-trodden, beaten, frequented, common:

iter,

Cic. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

via,

id. Brut. 81, 281:

quadrijugi spatium,

Ov. M. 2, 167. — Sup.:

tritissima quaeque via,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 2. —

Fig.

Practised, expert:

tritas aures habere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4; so id. Brut. 32, 124.— Comp.:

tritiores manūs ad aedificandum perficere,

Vitr. 2, 1, 6. —

Of language, used often or much, familiar, common, commonplace, trite:

quid in Graeco sermone tam tritum atque celebratum est, quam, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 27, 65:

nomen minus tritum sermone nostro,

id. Rep. 2, 29, 52:

ex quo illud: summum jus summā injuriā factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33.— Comp.:

faciamus tractando usitatius hoc verbum ac tritius,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

compedes, quas induere aureas mos tritior vetat,

Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 152.