-
21 свободно
I1) кратк. прил. см. свободный2) предик. безл. ( об ощущении свободы)мне здесь так свобо́дно — I feel so free / unhindered here
3) предик. безл. (о возможности занять, использовать что-л)здесь свобо́дно? — is this place / seat vacant / taken?
на ли́нии свобо́дно — the line is free
4) предик. безл. ( просторно)в э́той ко́мнате так свобо́дно — this room is so spacious
в бассе́йне сего́дня свобо́дно — there are few people in the swimming pool today
в э́той ку́ртке мне доста́точно свобо́дно — this jacket gives me enough freedom [ease of movement]
II нареч.за э́тим столо́м ей не о́чень свобо́дно — she has little elbow room at this table
1) (без препятствий, ограничений) freelyсвобо́дно выража́ть своё мне́ние — express one's opinion freely, have freedom of expression
свобо́дно конверти́руемая валю́та — freely convertible currency
свобо́дно па́дающий — free-falling
туда́ мо́жно пройти́ свобо́дно — access is free there
2) ( с лёгкостью) easilyон свобо́дно мо́жет доста́ть э́ту кни́гу в любо́м магази́не — he can easily get this book in any shop
3) (уверенно - о владении знанием, навыком) expertly, proficiently; (иностранным языком тж.) fluentlyговори́ть по-англи́йски свобо́дно — speak English fluently, be fluent in English
свобо́дно владе́ть ору́жием — use weapons expertly / masterfully
4) ( непринуждённо) with ease, freelyон ведёт себя́ сли́шком свобо́дно — he behaves too freely [with too much ease / abandon]
5) ( в свободной позе) freely, in a free postureста́ньте свобо́дно — stand freely
6) (не плотно, не туго; без закрепления) loose [-s], loosely [-s-]свобо́дно облега́ющий — loose-fitting
коне́ц верёвки висе́л свобо́дно — the end of the rope was (hanging) loose
её во́лосы свобо́дно па́дали на пле́чи — her hair hung loose to her shoulders
-
22 crawl
[krɔːl]1. verb1) to move slowly along the ground:يَتَجَرْجَر، يَزْحَفThe injured dog crawled away.
2) (of people) to move on hands and knees or with the front of the body on the ground:يَزْحَفThe baby can't walk yet, but she crawls everywhere.
3) to move slowly:يَتَقَدَّم بِبُطءThe traffic was crawling along at ten kilometres per hour.
4) to be covered with crawling things:يعِجُّ بHis hair was crawling with lice.
2. noun1) a very slow movement or speed:زَحْف، بُطءWe drove along at a crawl.
2) a style of swimming in which the arms make alternate overarm movements:سباحَة الزَّحْفShe's better at the crawl than she is at the breaststroke.
-
23 Cinema
Portuguese cinema had its debut in June 1896 at the Royal Coliseum, Lisbon, only six months after the pioneering French cinema-makers, the brothers Lumiere, introduced the earliest motion pictures to Paris audiences. Cinema pioneers in Portugal included photographer Manuel Maria da Costa Veiga and an early enthusiast, Aurelio da Paz dos Reis. The first movie theater opened in Lisbon in 1904, and most popular were early silent shorts, including documentaries and scenes of King Carlos I swimming at Cascais beach. Beginning with the Invicta Film company in 1912 and its efforts to produce films, Portuguese cinema-makers sought technical assistance in Paris. In 1918, French film technicians from Pathé Studios of Paris came to Portugal to produce cinema. The Portuguese writer of children's books, Virginia de Castro e Almeida, hired French film and legal personnel in the 1920s under the banner of "Fortuna Film" and produced several silent films based on her compositions.In the 1930s, Portuguese cinema underwent an important advance with the work of Portuguese director-producers, including AntônioLopes Ribeiro, Manoel de Oliveira, Leitao de Barros, and Artur Duarte. They were strongly influenced by contemporary French, German, and Russian cinema, and they recruited their cinema actors from the Portuguese Theater, especially from the popular Theater of Review ( teatro de revista) of Lisbon. They included comedy radio and review stars such as Vasco Santana, Antônio Silva, Maria Matos, and Ribeirinho. As the Estado Novo regime appreciated the important potential role of film as a mode of propaganda, greater government controls and regulation followed. The first Portuguese sound film, A Severa (1928), based on a Julio Dantas book, was directed by Leitão de Barros.The next period of Portuguese cinema, the 1930s, 1940s, and much of the 1950s, has been labeled, Comédia a portuguesa, or Portuguese Comedy, as it was dominated by comedic actors from Lisbon's Theatre of Review and by such classic comedies as 1933's A Cancáo de Lisboa and similar genre such as O Pai Tirano, O Pátio das Cantigas, and A Costa do Castelo. The Portuguese film industry was extremely small and financially constrained and, until after 1970, only several films were made each year. A new era followed, the so-called "New Cinema," or Novo Cinema (ca. 1963-74), when the dictatorship collapsed. Directors of this era, influenced by France's New Wave cinema movement, were led by Fernando Lopes, Paulo Rocha, and others.After the 1974-75 Revolution, filmmakers, encouraged by new political and social freedoms, explored new themes: realism, legend, politics, and ethnography and, in the 1980s, other themes, including docufiction. Even after political liberty arrived, leaders of the cinema industry confronted familiar challenges of filmmakers everywhere: finding funds for production and audiences to purchase tickets. As the new Portugal gained more prosperity, garnered more capital, and took advantage of membership in the burgeoning European Union, Portuguese cinema benefited. Some American producers, directors, and actors, such as John Malkovich, grew enamored of residence and work in Portugal. Malkovich starred in Manoel de Oliveira's film, O Convento (The Convent), shot in Portugal, and this film gained international acclaim, if not universal critical approval. While most films viewed in the country continued to be foreign imports, especially from France, the United States, and Great Britain, recent domestic film production is larger than ever before in Portugal's cinema history: in 2005, 13 Portuguese feature films were released. One of them was coproduced with Spain, Midsummer Dream, an animated feature. That year's most acclaimed film was O Crime de Padre Amaro, based on the Eça de Queirós' novel, a film that earned a record box office return. In 2006, some 22 feature films were released. With more films made in Portugal than ever before, Portugal's cinema had entered a new era. -
24 Sports, Portuguese
Among the many sports enjoyed in Portugal, soccer ( futebol) is by far the most popular, with some observers claiming that it approaches a semireligious movement. In international competition, although Portugal's national team boasts world-class players like Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Figo, and nourishes fond memories of "Eusébio" from the 1960s world cup matches, Portugal has never won a World Cup. It has garnered individual titles in the Euro soccer cup. A ferocious rivalry among professional soccer clubs continues, as fans of clubs such as Sporting and Benfica demonstrate.In recent decades, Portuguese athletes have excelled in world track and field competitions, and Olympic gold medals have been won by athletes such as Vanessa Fernandes, Rui Silva, and Naide Gomes. Portuguese teams have been highly competitive in the fast, popular sport of rink hockey, also called hardball hockey or roller hockey (quad), or, in the Portuguese language, hoquei em patins. Since the 1940s, Portugal has won 15 world titles, in hot competition with rivals Spain (13 world titles), Italy (4), and Argentina (4). Among other popular sports in Portugal is cycling, and the principal cycle competition in Portugal is the Volta a Portugal. In recent years, rugby has attained a new popularity in Portugal, and Portuguese rugby teams have been improving. In judo, Portugal has a young European champion in Telma Monteiro. Equestrianism has long been a sport of consequence, although traditionally viewed as a largely elite activity. Bull- fighting continues, but its popularity has slipped and the activity's future remains uncertain. In a country with a substantial Atlantic coast, Portugal has taken to popular water sports, such as sailing, windsurfing, kayaking, surfing, swimming, and kite-surfing. Motor sports, such as international car racing, also have a growing number of fans. -
25 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France[br]French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.[br]He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.Bibliography1953, The Silent World.1972, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau, 21 vols.Further ReadingR.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).LRD -
26 جهاز
جِهَاز \ apparatus: (a piece of) special equipment: I have my own apparatus for printing photographs. appliance: a piece of equipment (esp. electrical or mechanical). device: a clever plan; any machine, instrument, or piece of equipment that is planned for a special purpose: Have you a device for separating the cream from milk?. gear: equipment: Sports gear. set: an instrument for receiving radio or television material. \ جِهَاز إرسال (لاسِلْكي) \ transmitter: a radio set that transmits sound; the opposite of a receiver. \ جِهَاز بَدْء تشغيل السيّارة \ starter: a device for starting the engine of a car. \ جِهَاز تَصْفِيَة \ strainer: a device for straining: a tea strainer. \ جِهَاز تَعْشيق التُّروس \ gear: a set of toothed wheels that changes the speed of a vehicle or machine without changing the speed of its engine: We change gear to drive up a hill. Cars have three or four forward gears. \ جِهَاز التِقَاط لاسِلْكي \ receiver: (in radio) a set that receives sound; the opposite of a transmitter. \ جِهَاز تهوية أو تجديد الهواء \ ventilator: a device for ventilating. \ جِهَاز الرّادار \ radar: a device that shows the position of ships and aircraft in the dark, so that others may guide or avoid them; it shows this by marks on a radio picture, as in television. \ جِهَاز طَبْخ \ stove: a device for cooking or heating: an oil stove; a gas stove; a camp stove. \ جِهَاز عَرض الصُّوَر \ projector: a machine with a strong light that shines through film or pictures so they are seen on a screen. \ جِهَاز القابِض أو تَعْشيق التُّروس (في السيارة) \ clutch: a device for separating a car engine from the moving parts that it works. \ جِهَاز قِياس \ meter: (often in compounds) an instrument for measuring the amount, speed or movement of sth. (electricity, water, a vehicle, etc.): The water meter shows that we used 2100 gallons last month. The speedometer showed that the car was travelling at 50 miles an hour. \ جِهَاز لاسِلْكي \ radio: an instrument for receiving sounds by electrical waves: We were listening to the radio. I was given a new radio (set) today. What is on the radio?. \ جِهَاز لإطْلاق الطائرة من على سطح سفينة \ catapult: a powerful apparatus of helping aircraft to take off from a ship. \ جِهَاز لِتَقْطير الكُحُول \ still: instruments for making strong alcoholic drink. \ جِهَاز للتدفِئة \ radiator: a device for heating a room (either electrically or by hot water passing through pipes). \ جِهَاز للتَّنفُّس تَحْتَ الماء \ aqualung: equipment for breathing under water when swimming. \ جِهَاز المُسافر \ kit: all the clothes and equipment that are needed for a special activity: camp kit; football kit. \ جِهَاز مُنَظِّم \ regulator: a device for controlling part of a machine. \ See Also مُعَدِّل \ جِهَاز نَقْل الحركة \ gear: a set of toothed wheels that changes the speed of a vehicle or machine without changing the speed of its engine: We change gear to drive up a hill. Cars have three of four forward gears. \ جِهَاز هاي فاي \ hi-fi: High Fidelity (very sensitive) apparatus for reproducing recorded sound: When you listen to my hi-fi (set), it’s like sitting in a concert hall!. \ جِهَاز وقَاية \ safeguard: a device, condition, quality etc. that protects against possible trouble: A lock is a safeguard against thieves. -
27 نشاط
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) \ نَشَاط شاغل \ occupation: an activity; sth. that keeps one busy: Fishing and watching televison are my son’s favourite occupations. \ نَشَاط مُشِعّ \ radiation: radioactivity: the effects of (atomic) radiation. radioactivity: the quality that some simple substances have of giving out force by the breaking up of atoms, which can be harmful to living things. -
28 activity
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) -
29 agility
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) -
30 energy
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) -
31 function
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) -
32 go
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة) -
33 life
نَشَاط \ activity: sth. one does; a form of work or play: Music and swimming are among our school activities. agility: being agile. energy: strength or power that is actively used: Healthy boys are full of energy. Don’t waste your energies on useless work. function: special work or duty: The function of an ear is to hear. go: active power and eagerness: That boy is always full of go. life: the signs of not being dead, activity; movement; expression: Put more life into your acting. \ See Also حيوية (حَيَوِيّة)، وظيفة (وَظِيفَة)
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Swimming — is the movement by humans or animals through water, usually without artificial assistance. Swimming is an activity that can be both useful and recreational. Its primary uses are bathing, cooling, travel, fishing, escape, and sport. Animals with… … Wikipedia
Swimming with dolphins — is the activity of aquatic interaction between people and dolphins (mainly of Tursiops truncatus species). Over the ages, humans have always been fascinated by dolphins. This fascination heightened in the 1950s when oceanariums and aquariums… … Wikipedia
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics — Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, in the Olympic Aquatic Centre was competed in freestyle, backstroke and butterfly (classes Sn), the breaststroke (classes SBn) and individual medley (classes SMn).*Swimmers with a physical disability were… … Wikipedia
Swimming stroke — A woman swims the breaststroke Human swimming typically consists of repeating a specific body motion or swimming stroke. There are many kinds of strokes, each defining a different swimming style or crawl. Most strokes involve rhythmic and… … Wikipedia
swimming — swimmingness, n. /swim ing/, n. 1. the act of a person or thing that swims. 2. the skill or technique of a person who swims. 3. the sport of swimming. adj. 4. pertaining to, characterized by, or capable of swimming. 5. used in or for swimming:… … Universalium
Swimming machine — This article is about the modern exercise and rehabilitation equipment. For the Victorian modesty apparatus, see Bathing machine. A swimming machine is a resistance swimming apparatus, often self contained, enabling the swimmer to swim in place.… … Wikipedia
Swimming board — All swimmers of all ability use them whether it is to develop the kicking action of younger swimmers or to refine the kick of elite swimmers. They are also used to strengthen a swimmers legs. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/swimming/eq… … Wikipedia
Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics - Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle — The men s sailors 100 metre freestyle was one of the four swimming events on the Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The second swimming race was open only to sailors of the Greek Royal Navy. Three took place in the event. The top… … Wikipedia
swimming kick — noun a movement of the legs in swimming • Hypernyms: ↑kick, ↑kicking • Hyponyms: ↑flutter kick, ↑frog kick, ↑dolphin kick, ↑scissors kick, ↑thrash … Useful english dictionary
List of Olympic records in swimming — Michael Phelps holds five individual and three team Olympic swimming records. The International Olympic Committee recognises the fastest performances in pool based swimming events at the Olympic Games. Men s swimming has been part of the Summer… … Wikipedia
List of swimming styles — A style is known as a stroke or crawl . Stroke can also refer to a single completion of the sequence of body movements repeated while swimming in the given style. It is possible to swim by moving only legs without arms or only arms without legs;… … Wikipedia
