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121 служба служб·а
1) serviceгосударственная / гражданская служба — civil service
дипломатическая служба — diplomatic services; Foreign Service амер.
готовить для дипломатической службы — to train (smb.) for the diplomatic service
2) (работа, должность) work, jobпоступить на службу — to begin working, to take a job
место службы (дипломата, международного чиновника и т.п.) — duty station
3) (исполнение воинских обязанностей) military serviceвоенная служба — military service, service in the armed forces
быть призванным на военную службу — to be drafted into / to enter / to go into / to join the army
поступать на военную службу — to enter / to go into / to join the army
поступать на военную службу добровольцем — to go / to enlist for a soldier разг.
проходить военную службу — to do (one's) military service
действительная военная служба — service with the colours, active service
4) (специальная область работы) service, departmentслужба связи — signal / communication service
5) (богослужение) (divine) service -
122 fonction
c black fonction [fɔ̃ksjɔ̃]feminine nouna. functionc black b. ( = métier) office━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec - un- au début.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The term la fonction publique has great cultural significance in France, and covers a much broader range of activities than the English term « civil service ». There are almost three million « fonctionnaires » (also known as « agents de l'État ») in France. They include teachers, social services staff, post office workers and employees of the French rail service.Because this status theoretically guarantees total job security, « fonctionnaires » are sometimes stereotyped as being unfairly privileged compared to private sector employees. → CONCOURS* * *fɔ̃ksjɔ̃prendre ses fonctions, entrer en fonctions — to take up one's post
2) ( dépendance)3) ( rôle) function4) Mathématique, Informatique, Chimie, Biologie function5) ( secteur) profession6) Technologie function7) Linguistique function•Phrasal Verbs:* * *fɔ̃ksjɔ̃1. nf1) (= rôle) function2) (= emploi, poste) post, positionvoiture de fonction [salarié] — company car, [ministre] official car
3) MATHÉMATIQUE, LINGUISTIQUE function4) (locutions)être fonction de (= dépendre de) — to depend on
en fonction de (= selon) — according to
2. fonctions nfpl(professionnelles) dutiesentrer en fonctions (entreprise, administration) — to take up one's post, to take up one's duties, POLITIQUEto take up office
* * *fonction nf1 Admin, Entr ( poste) post; ( activité) duties (pl); prendre ses fonctions, entrer en fonctions to take up one's post; depuis votre prise de or entrée en fonctions since you took up your post; se démettre/être démis de ses fonctions gén to resign/to be dismissed from one's post; [membre du gouvernement] to resign/to be dismissed from office; dans le cadre de mes fonctions as part of my duties; dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions while carrying out their duties; la formation n'entre pas dans leurs fonctions training is not part of their duties; occuper la fonction de secrétaire to hold the position of secretary; quitter ses fonctions to leave one's job; être/rester en fonction(s) to be/stay in office; logement de fonction accommodation provided with the job; voiture de fonction company car; occuper d'importantes fonctions to hold important office; être appelé à de hautes fonctions to be called to high office;2 ( dépendance) en fonction de according to; être fonction de to vary according to; réagir en fonction de cinq paramètres to react according to five parameters; le salaire est fonction des diplômes the salary varies according to qualifications;3 ( rôle) function; fonction d'une machine/un produit function of a machine/a product; avoir pour fonction de faire to be designed to do; faire fonction de to serve as; faire fonction de dessert/levier to serve as dessert/a lever;4 Biol function; les fonctions hépatiques liver functions; la fonction crée l'organe the organ is shaped by its function;5 Math, Ordinat function; fonction du deuxième degré second degree function; fonction continue/dérivée/exponentielle/périodique continuous/derived/exponential/periodic function;6 ( secteur) profession; fonction enseignante/médicale teaching/medical profession;7 Tech function; la fonction avance rapide est en panne the fast forward function does not work;8 Chimie function; fonction acide/base acid/base function;9 Ling function; fonctionsujet/complément subject/complement function; fonction connotative/dénotative connotative/denotative function.fonction de fonctions Math functional; fonction primitive Ordinat primitive; fonction publique Admin civil service; entrer dans la fonction publique to join the civil service.[fɔ̃ksjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [emploi] officeentrer en fonction ou fonctions to take up one's postremplir ses fonctions to carry out one's job ou functionsse démettre de ses fonctions to resign one's post ou from one's duties2. [rôle] functionla pièce a pour fonction de maintenir l'équilibre de la balance the part serves to keep the scales balanced3. [dépendre de]————————de fonction locution adjectivale————————en fonction de locution prépositionnelle————————fonction publique nom fémininla fonction publique the civil ou public service -
123 Beamtenschaft
f; meist Sg. civil service, civil servants Pl., officialdom umg.* * *Be|ạm|ten|schaft [bə'|amtnʃaft]f -, no plcivil servants pl, civil service* * *(a system of government by officials working for a government.) bureaucracy* * *Be·am·ten·schaft<->f kein pl civil servants pl [or service]* * * -
124 Beamtentum
n; nur Sg.1. Stand: civil service* * *Be|ạm|ten|tum [bə'|amtntuːm]nt -s,no pl1) civil service; (= Beamtenschaft auch) civil servants pl2)es ist Kennzeichen des Beamtentums, dass... — it is the mark of civil servants that...
* * *Be·am·ten·tum<-[e]s>1. (Stand der Beamten) civil service* * *1. Stand: civil service -
125 gehoben
I P.P. hebenII Adj.1. Stellung: high, senior; der gehobene Dienst the higher levels Pl. (Am. grades Pl.) of the Civil Service2. Stil: elevated; gehobene Ansprüche expensive tastes; Güter des gehobenen Bedarfs WIRTS. luxuries and semi-luxuries* * *(Position) high;(Stil) elevated* * *ge|ho|ben [gə'hoːbn] ptp von heben1. adjSprache, Ausdrucksweise elevated, lofty; (= anspruchsvoll) Ausstattung, Unterhaltungsprogramm sophisticated; Stellung senior, high; Stimmung elated; Ansprüche high; Mittelschicht upperein Hotel der gehóbenen Kategorie — a luxury hotel
Güter des gehóbenen Bedarfs — semi-luxuries
gehóbener Dienst — professional and executive levels of the civil service
2. advsich gehóben ausdrücken — to use elevated language
* * *(high in rank, position etc; noble; important.) exalted* * *ge·ho·ben[gəˈho:bn̩]II. adj1. LING elevated, refined2. (anspruchsvoll) sophisticated, refined3. (höher) senior4. (froh) festivein \gehobener Stimmung sein to be in a festive mood [or high spirits]* * *1.2. Part. v. heben2.der gehobene Dienst — the higher [levels of the] Civil Service
3) (gewählt) elevated, refined <language, expression>3.sich gehoben ausdrücken — use elevated or refined language
* * *B. adj1. Stellung: high, senior;2. Stil: elevated;gehobene Ansprüche expensive tastes;Güter des gehobenen Bedarfs WIRTSCH luxuries and semi-luxuries3.gehobene Stimmung high spirits pl* * *1.2. Part. v. heben2.der gehobene Dienst — the higher [levels of the] Civil Service
3) (gewählt) elevated, refined <language, expression>4) (feierlich) festive < mood>3.sich gehoben ausdrücken — use elevated or refined language
* * *p.p.hewn p.p.lifted p.p. -
126 Berufsbeamtentum
Berufsbeamtentum n PERS civil service with tenure* * *Berufsbeamtentum
civil-service system (US), career service (job) (US), classified civil service (US);
• Berufsbeamter career (US) (established, Br.) civil servant;
• hoch qualifizierter Berufsbeamter high-career civil-service officer;
• Berufsbedingungen job conditions;
• Berufsbefähigung professional qualification;
• Berufsbeginn job start;
• Berufsberater vocational (professional) consultant (counselor, US), careers officer;
• Berufsberatung vocational (job) counseling (US), job advice;
• kompetente Berufsberatung good careers advice. -
127 Referendar
m; -s, -e; im Staatsdienst: trainee; PÄD. trainee teacher, Am. auch intern; JUR. junior lawyer (oder Brit. barrister), law ( oder articled) clerk* * *Referendare are candidates for a higher civil-service post who are doing practical training. They might, for example, be prospective Gymnasium teachers who have already taken the first Staatsexamen and are now doing two years of teaching practice. At the end of the Referendar period they take the second Staatsexamen, and only then is their teacher training complete. See: → Gymnasium, Staatsexamen* * *Re·fe·ren·dar(in)<-s, -e>[referɛnˈda:ɐ̯]m(f) candidates for a higher post in the civil service who have passed the first set of state examinations (Staatsexamen) and are undergoing practical training; SCH student [or trainee] teacher; JUR articled clerk BRIT* * *der; Referendars, Referendare, Referendarin die; Referendar, Referendarnen candidate for a higher civil-service post who has passed the first state examination and is undergoing in-service training* * *Referendar m; -s, -e; im Staatsdienst: trainee; SCHULE trainee teacher, US auch intern; JUR junior lawyer (oder Br barrister), law ( oder articled) clerk* * *der; Referendars, Referendare, Referendarin die; Referendar, Referendarnen candidate for a higher civil-service post who has passed the first state examination and is undergoing in-service training* * *m.professional trainee n. -
128 чиновник
official, functionary; clerk; office worker; white-collar workerдържавен чиновник a state employee, ( в Англия) a civil servant, a civil service clerk, ам. office-holder* * *чино̀вник,м., -ци official, functionary; clerk; office worker; white-collar worker; данъчен \чиновникк assessor; дребен \чиновникк petty clerk, underling; държавен \чиновникк state employee, (в Англия) civil servant, civil service clerk, амер. office-holder.* * *clerk: a petty чиновник - дребен чиновник; officer ; civil servant ; agent {eidjxnt}; civilian ; employee ; man of office; office-bearer ; official* * *1. official, functionary;clerk;office worker;white-collar worker 2. дребен ЧИНОВНИК a petty clerk, underling 3. държавен ЧИНОВНИК a state employee, (в Англия) a civil servant, a civil service clerk, ам. office-holder
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