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(from+wood)

  • 81 Wine from the wood

    Вино из бочки

    Difficulties of the English language (lexical reference) English-Russian dictionary > Wine from the wood

  • 82 carve

    1. transitive verb
    1) (cut up) tranchieren [Fleisch]
    2) (from wood) schnitzen; (from stone) meißeln

    carve something out of wood/stone — etwas aus Holz schnitzen/aus Stein meißeln

    2. intransitive verb
    2)

    carve in wood/stone — in Holz schnitzen/in Stein meißeln

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/85129/carve_out">carve out
    - carve up
    * * *
    1) (to make designs, shapes etc by cutting a piece of wood etc: A figure carved out of wood.) schnitzen
    2) (to cut up (meat) into slices: Father carved the joint.) vorschneiden
    •
    - carving
    - carve out
    * * *
    [kɑ:v, AM kɑ:rv]
    I. vt
    ▪ to \carve sth
    1. (cut a figure) etw schnitzen; (with a chisel) etw meißeln; (cut a pattern) etw [ein]ritzen
    to be \carved from stone aus Stein gemeißelt sein
    2. FOOD (cut meat) etw tranchieren [o zerlegen
    3. (cut) etw zerschneiden; ( fig: establish) etw erreichen
    to \carve a name for oneself sich dat einen Namen machen
    to \carve a niche for oneself eine [Markt]nische [für sich akk] finden
    ▪ to \carve sth out etw herausschneiden
    to \carve out a tunnel in a rock einen Tunnel in den Fels treiben [o schlagen
    II. vi tranchieren
    * * *
    [kAːv]
    1. vt
    1) (ART: cut) wood schnitzen; stone etc (be)hauen

    carved in( to) the wood — in das Holz geschnitzt

    carved in( to) the stone — in den Stein gehauen or gemeißelt

    to carve one's initials on a tree — seine Initialen in einen Baum einritzen or schnitzen

    2) (COOK) aufschneiden, zerteilen, tranchieren
    3) (fig)

    to carve a niche for oneself ( as), to carve oneself a niche (as) — sich (dat) seine Sporen verdienen (als)

    2. vi (COOK)
    tranchieren
    * * *
    carve [kɑː(r)v]
    A v/t
    1. (in) Holz schnitzen, (in) Stein meißeln:
    he carved the wood into a garden gnome er schnitzte aus dem Holz einen Gartenzwerg;
    carved work Schnitzwerk n, -arbeit f, Schnitzerei f
    2. ausschnitzen, -meißeln:
    carve sth from ( oder out of) stone etwas aus Stein meißeln oder hauen
    3. einschneiden, -meißeln:
    carve one’s initials on a tree trunk seine Initialen in einen Baumstamm (ein)ritzen
    4. (mit Schnitzereien) verzieren:
    carve a stone with figures einen Stein mit gemeißelten Figuren verzieren
    5. a) Fleisch etc zerlegen, vorschneiden, tranchieren
    b) carve (sb) a slice of the roast (jemandem) eine Scheibe vom Braten abschneiden
    6. oft carve out fig gestalten:
    carve out a fortune ein Vermögen machen;
    carve out a career for o.s. sich eine Karriere aufbauen, Karriere machen
    7. meist carve up einen Gewinn etc aufteilen
    8. carve up umg jemanden mit einem Messer übel zurichten
    9. carve up AUTO Br sl jemanden schneiden
    B v/i
    1. schnitzen, meißeln
    2. (bei Tisch) vorschneiden, tranchieren
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (cut up) tranchieren [Fleisch]
    2) (from wood) schnitzen; (from stone) meißeln

    carve something out of wood/stone — etwas aus Holz schnitzen/aus Stein meißeln

    2. intransitive verb
    2)

    carve in wood/stone — in Holz schnitzen/in Stein meißeln

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (into) v.
    einritzen v.
    einschneiden (in) v.
    schnitzen v.
    zerschneiden v. v.
    zerlegen v.

    English-german dictionary > carve

  • 83 carving

    noun
    1) (in or from wood) Schnitzerei, die
    2) (in or from stone) Skulptur, die; (on stone) eingeritztes Bild
    * * *
    noun (a design, ornament etc carved from wood, stone etc.) die Schnitzerei
    * * *
    carv·ing
    [ˈkɑ:vɪŋ, AM ˈkɑ:rv-]
    n ART
    1. no pl (art of cutting) Bildhauerei f; of wood Schnitzen nt
    2. (ornamental figure) in Stein gemeißelte Figur; (of wood) Schnitzerei f
    * * *
    ['kAːvɪŋ]
    n
    (ART: thing carved) Skulptur f; (in wood also) (Holz)schnitzerei f; (= relief) Relief nt; (in wood) Holzschnitt m
    * * *
    carving [ˈkɑː(r)vıŋ] s
    1. Schnitzen n, Meißeln n
    2. Schnitzerei f, Schnitzwerk n, -arbeit f
    3. Tranchieren n
    * * *
    noun
    1) (in or from wood) Schnitzerei, die
    2) (in or from stone) Skulptur, die; (on stone) eingeritztes Bild
    * * *
    n.
    Schnitzarbeit f.
    Schnitzerei f.

    English-german dictionary > carving

  • 84 engraving

    noun
    1) (design, marks) Gravur, die
    2) (Art): (print) Stich, der; (from wood) Holzschnitt, der
    * * *
    en·grav·ing
    [ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ, AM enˈ-]
    n
    1. (from engraved surface) Stich m; (from wood) Holzschnitt m
    2. (design) Gravierung f, Gravur f
    3. no pl (act) Gravieren nt; (art) Gravierkunst f
    * * *
    [In'greIvɪŋ]
    n
    1) (= process) Gravieren nt; (on rock, stone) Einmeißeln nt; (on wood) Einschnitzen nt, Einkerben nt
    2) (= copy) (Kupfer-/Stahl)stich m; (from wood) Holzschnitt m; (= design) Gravierung f; (on wood, stone) eingemeißelte Verzierung/Schrift etc
    * * *
    1. Gravieren n, Gravierkunst f:
    engraving cylinder Bildwalze f;
    engraving establishment Gravieranstalt f;
    engraving machine TECH Graviermaschine f;
    engraving needle Graviernadel f
    2. Druckplatte f
    3. Gravierung f, (Kupfer-, Stahl) Stich m, (Holz) Schnitt m
    eng. abk
    2. engineer (engineering)
    * * *
    noun
    1) (design, marks) Gravur, die
    2) (Art): (print) Stich, der; (from wood) Holzschnitt, der
    * * *
    n.
    Gravieren n.
    Gravur -en f.
    Stich -e (Kupfer-) m.

    English-german dictionary > engraving

  • 85 Mitscherlich, Alexander

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germany
    d. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.
    [br]
    Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.
    The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander

  • 86 Crompton, Samuel

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 3 December 1753 Firwood, near Bolton, Lancashire, England
    d. 26 June 1827 Bolton, Lancashire, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the spinning mule.
    [br]
    Samuel Crompton was the son of a tenant farmer, George, who became the caretaker of the old house Hall-i-th-Wood, near Bolton, where he died in 1759. As a boy, Samuel helped his widowed mother in various tasks at home, including weaving. He liked music and made his own violin, with which he later was to earn some money to pay for tools for building his spinning mule. He was set to work at spinning and so in 1769 became familiar with the spinning jenny designed by James Hargreaves; he soon noticed the poor quality of the yarn produced and its tendency to break. Crompton became so exasperated with the jenny that in 1772 he decided to improve it. After seven years' work, in 1779 he produced his famous spinning "mule". He built the first one entirely by himself, principally from wood. He adapted rollers similar to those already patented by Arkwright for drawing out the cotton rovings, but it seems that he did not know of Arkwright's invention. The rollers were placed at the back of the mule and paid out the fibres to the spindles, which were mounted on a moving carriage that was drawn away from the rollers as the yarn was paid out. The spindles were rotated to put in twist. At the end of the draw, or shortly before, the rollers were stopped but the spindles continued to rotate. This not only twisted the yarn further, but slightly stretched it and so helped to even out any irregularities; it was this feature that gave the mule yarn extra quality. Then, after the spindles had been turned backwards to unwind the yarn from their tips, they were rotated in the spinning direction again and the yarn was wound on as the carriage was pushed up to the rollers.
    The mule was a very versatile machine, making it possible to spin almost every type of yarn. In fact, Samuel Crompton was soon producing yarn of a much finer quality than had ever been spun in Bolton, and people attempted to break into Hall-i-th-Wood to see how he produced it. Crompton did not patent his invention, perhaps because it consisted basically of the essential features of the earlier machines of Hargreaves and Arkwright, or perhaps through lack of funds. Under promise of a generous subscription, he disclosed his invention to the spinning industry, but was shabbily treated because most of the promised money was never paid. Crompton's first mule had forty-eight spindles, but it did not long remain in its original form for many people started to make improvements to it. The mule soon became more popular than Arkwright's waterframe because it could spin such fine yarn, which enabled weavers to produce the best muslin cloth, rivalling that woven in India and leading to an enormous expansion in the British cotton-textile industry. Crompton eventually saved enough capital to set up as a manufacturer himself and around 1784 he experimented with an improved carding engine, although he was not successful. In 1800, local manufacturers raised a sum of £500 for him, and eventually in 1812 he received a government grant of £5,000, but this was trifling in relation to the immense financial benefits his invention had conferred on the industry, to say nothing of his expenses. When Crompton was seeking evidence in 1811 to support his claim for financial assistance, he found that there were 4,209,570 mule spindles compared with 155,880 jenny and 310,516 waterframe spindles. He later set up as a bleacher and again as a cotton manufacturer, but only the gift of a small annuity by his friends saved him from dying in total poverty.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.C.Cameron, 1951, Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Mule, London (a rather discursive biography).
    Dobson \& Barlow Ltd, 1927, Samuel Crompton, the Inventor of the Spinning Mule, Bolton.
    G.J.French, 1859, The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Machine Called the Mule, London.
    The invention of the mule is fully described in H. Gatling, 1970, The Spinning Mule, Newton Abbot; W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester.
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides a brief account).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Crompton, Samuel

  • 87 woodwork

    noun, no pl.
    1) (making things out of wood) Arbeiten mit Holz
    2) (things made of wood) Holzarbeit[en]
    * * *
    1) (the art of making things from wood; carpentry: He did woodwork at school.) die Holzarbeit
    2) (the wooden part of any structure: The woodwork in the house is rotting.) das Holzwerk
    * * *
    ˈwood·work
    1. (parts of building) Holzteile pl, Holzwerk nt
    2. BRIT (carpentry) Tischlern nt; (business) Tischlerei f; SCH Arbeiten nt mit Holz
    \woodwork classes ≈ Werkunterricht m (mit Holz als Werkstoff)
    \woodwork skills Geschick nt im Umgang mit Holz
    to do \woodwork mit Holz arbeiten
    ▪ the \woodwork (goal post) der Pfosten; (cross bar) die Latte
    to hit the \woodwork den Pfosten/die Latte treffen
    4.
    ▶ to come [or crawl] out of the \woodwork ans Licht kommen
    * * *
    1. ARCH Holz-, Balkenwerk n
    2. Holzarbeit(en) f(pl)
    3. Fußball: umg Holz n (Latte und/oder Pfosten):
    * * *
    noun, no pl.
    1) (making things out of wood) Arbeiten mit Holz
    2) (things made of wood) Holzarbeit[en]
    * * *
    n.
    Holzarbeit f.

    English-german dictionary > woodwork

  • 88 form

    1. II
    form in some manner form slowly (quickly, rapidly, readily, etc.) медленно и т. д. образовываться /возникать, появляться/; this year ice formed early and stayed late в этом году все рано замерзло и поздно оттаяло
    2. III
    1) form smth., smb. form a square (a circle, a pool, a cloud, etc.) образовать квадрат и т. д.; form the plural of a noun (the present participle of a verb, etc.) образовать множественное числе существительного и т. д.; the baby is able to form short words but unable to form sentences ребенок может произносить короткие слова, но не умеет составлять предложения; his lips could hardly form a word он с трудом мог слово вымолвить; water forms ice вода образует лед; form a garden разбить сад; form a class (a company, a society, a circle, a club, an orchestra, a regiment, an army, an alliance, etc.) организовывать /создавать, формировать/ группу и т. д.; form a square (a circle, a rhomb, etc.) построить квадрат и т. д.; form a queue образовать очередь; the president invited him to form a ministry президент предложил ему сформировать министерство
    2) form smth., smb. this essay forms part of my book этот очерк является частью моей книги; these parts together form a whole [взятые, составленные] вместе эти части образуют одно целое; he forms one of the family он член нашей семьи
    3) form smth. form the mind (the faculties) развивать ум (способности); form the character формировать характер; form an individual style вырабатывать индивидуальный стиль; form good habits вырабатывать хорошие навыки, приобретать хорошие привычки
    4) form smth. form a plan выработать /разработать/ план; form an opinion (a judgement) составить мнение (суждение); form a conclusion прийти к выводу /заключению/; you can form some idea of the ship's size вы можете составить представление о размере корабля; he formed an image of the girl ой представил себе облик этой девушки
    3. XI
    1) be formed the teacher explained to the class how the plural of English nouns is formed учитель объяснил классу, как в английском языке образуется множественное число существительных; be formed by smth. it is formed by decomposition (by erosion, by this process, etc.) это происходит /получается/ в результате распада и т. д., be formed upon /after/ smth. be formed after a pattern (upon a new model, etc.) сделать по трафарету и т. д.; this boat has been formed upon a modern design эта шлюпка построена по современному проекту
    2) be formed of smth. be formed of several parts (of a number of hills, etc.) состоять из нескольких частей и т. д; Japan is formed of four big islands Япония состоит из четырех крупных островов; Япония расположена на четырех крупных островах
    3) be formed at some place his habits were formed at school привычки у него сложились в школе; be formed by smb. his character was formed by his teachers ( by his parents, etc.) на формирование его характера повлияли преподаватели и т. д.
    4. XVI
    1) form in (on, across, etc.) smth. form in the sky (on the hills, on the ground, in the air, etc.) образовываться в небе и т. д.; crystals formed in the retort в реторте образовались кристаллы; clouds formed over the mountains над горами собрались тучи, а sheet of ice has formed right across the river ледяная пелена сковала реку; form in /into/ smth. form in /into/ line (in file, in fours, in companies, in ranks, etc.) (построиться в линейку и т. д.; form at some condition ice forms at a temperature of 32 "F лед образуется при тридцата двух градусах по Фаренгейту
    2) form in some place these ideas have long been forming in his mind эти мысли давно уже зрели в его уме; а plan was slowly forming in his mind у него медленно созревал план; form in (among, etc.) smb. a spirit of discontent was forming in (among) the people в народе зрел /нарастал/ дух недовольства
    5. XXI1
    1) form smth. after /upon, in accordance with/ smth. form smth. after a pattern (after a mould, upon this model, in accordance with his design, etc.) создавать /строить/ что-л. по образцу и т. д.; form a sentence upon a certain pattern построить предложение по определенной модели; form smth. from /out of/ smth. form toys from wood (figurines out of plasticine, little animals from some strange substance, etc.) делать игрушки из дерева и т. д.; form a little goat out of clay вылепить козленка из глины; form a boat out of wood выточить кораблик из дерева; form nouns from adjectives образовать существительные от прилагательных; form a word from the initial letters of the title составить слово из начальных букв заглавия; form smth., smb. into smth. he formed the feather into a very good imitation of a butterfly он смастерил из перышка бабочку, очень похожую на настоящую; they formed themselves into a committee они организовали комитет, в который сами же и вошли; form smth., smb. in (to) smth. form a regiment into columns (a company into a line, the men in a file, etc.) построить полк колоннами и т. д., form smth. for smb., smth. form a class for beginners организовать класс для начинающих, form a schedule for one's journey составить маршрут путешествия
    2) form smb. by smth. form smb. by discipline ( by care, by severity, by attention, by tenderness, etc.) использовать дисциплину и т. д. в качестве меры воспитания кого-л., воспитывать кого-л. при немощи дисциплины и т. д. form smth. on /after/ smth. form one's style on good models развивать / совершенствовать/ свой стиль на хороших образцах

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > form

  • 89 Viscose

    Viscose was discovered by two English chemists, Charles F. Cross and E. J. Be van, working in collaboration at Kew, near London, who found that when cellulose was treated with disulphide of carbon in the presence of caustic soda, it was converted into a golden yellow plastic compound which dissolved readily in water. A solution of the plastic was of such viscosity that it was named " viscose," a name that was destined to become world famous, seeing that round about 88 per cent of the world production of rayon is now made by the viscose process. In 1892 Cross and Bevan were granted a patent on the viscose process and it was applied to many purposes before the production of a textile thread was successfully accomplished. Fundamentally, the manufacture of viscose rayon is fairly simple. The raw material may be wood pulp, pulp from cotton linters, or a mixture of the two. The greater part of the world's viscose is made from wood pulp. Viscose rayon manufacture comprises seven distinct treatments as follows: - 1. Making and purifying the cotton or wood pulp which forms the cellulose base. 2. Caustic soda treatment of the cellulose base thereby forming alkali cellulose. 3. Treatment of alkali cellulose with carbon disulphide, forming cellulose xanthate. 4. Dissolving the cellulose xanthate in weak caustic soda to form cellulose solution or viscose. 5. Spinning viscose into yarn. 6. Bleaching, purification and finishing of the yarn. 7. Preparing the yarn for weaving and knitting.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Viscose

  • 90 Baxter, George

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 31 July 1804 Lewes, Sussex, England
    d. 11 January 1867 Sydenham, London, England
    [br]
    English pioneer in colour printing.
    [br]
    The son of a printer, Baxter was apprenticed to a wood engraver and there began his search for improved methods of making coloured prints, hitherto the perquisite of the rich, in order to bring them within reach of a wider public. After marriage to the daughter of Robert Harrild, founder of the printing firm of Harrild \& Co., he set up house in London, where he continued his experiments on colour while maintaining the run-of-the-mill work that kept the family.
    The nineteenth century saw a tremendous advance in methods of printing pictures, produced as separate prints or as book illustrations. For the first three decades colour was supplied by hand, but from the 1830s attempts were made to print in colour, using a separate plate for each one. Coloured prints were produced by chromolithography and relief printing on a small scale. Prints were first made with the latter method on a commercial scale by Baxter with a process that he patented in 1835. He generally used a key plate that was engraved, aquatinted or lithographed; the colours were then printed separately from wood or metal blocks. Baxter was a skilful printer and his work reached a high standard. An early example is the frontispiece to Robert Mudie's Summer (1837). In 1849 he began licensing his patent to other printers, and after the Great Exhibition of 1851 colour relief printing came into its own. Of the plethora of illustrated literature that appeared then, Baxter's Gems of the Great Exhibition was one of the most widely circulated souvenirs of the event.
    Baxter remained an active printer through the 1850s, but increasing competition from the German coloured lithographic process undermined his business and in 1860 he gave up the unequal struggle. In May of that year, all his oil pictures, engravings and blocks went up for auction, some 3,000 lots altogether. Baxter retired to Sydenham, then a country place, making occasional visits to London until injuries sustained in a mishap while he was ascending a London omnibus led to his death. Above all, he helped to initiate the change from the black and white world of pre-Victorian literature to the riotously colourful world of today.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    C.T.Courtney Lewis, 1908, George Baxter, the Picture Printer, London: Sampson Lowe, Marsden (the classic account).
    M.E.Mitzmann, 1978, George Baxter and the Baxter Prints, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Baxter, George

  • 91 Bell, Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1767 Torphichen Mill, near Linlithgow, Scotland
    d. 1830 Helensburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish projector of the first steamboat service in Europe.
    [br]
    The son of Patrick Bell, a millwright, Henry had two sisters and an elder brother and was educated at the village school. When he was 9 years old Henry was sent to lodge in Falkirk with an uncle and aunt of his mother's so that he could attend the school there. At the age of 12 he left school and agreed to become a mason with a relative. In 1783, after only three years, he was bound apprentice to his Uncle Henry, a millwright at Jay Mill. He stayed there for a further three years and then, in 1786, joined the firm of Shaw \& Hart, shipbuilders of Borrowstoneness. These were to be the builders of William Symington's hull for the Charlotte Dundas. He also spent twelve months with Mr James Inglis, an engineer of Bellshill, Lanarkshire, and then went to London to gain experience, working for the famous John Rennie for some eighteen months. By 1790 he was back in Glasgow, and a year later he took a partner, James Paterson, into his new business of builder and contractor, based in the Trongate. He later referred to himself as "architect", and his partnership with Paterson lasted seven years. He is said to have invented a discharging machine for calico printing, as well as a steam dredger for clearing the River Clyde.
    The Baths Hotel was opened in Helensburgh in 1808, with the hotel-keeper, who was also the first provost of the town, being none other than Henry Bell. It has been suggested that Bell was also the builder of the hotel and this seems very likely. Bell installed a steam engine for pumping sea water out of the Clyde and into the baths, and at first ran a coach service to bring customers from Glasgow three days a week. The driver was his brother Tom. The coach was replaced by the Comet steamboat in 1812.
    While Henry was busy with his provost's duties and making arrangements for the building of his steamboat, his wife Margaret, née Young, whom he married in March 1794, occupied herself with the management of the Baths Hotel. Bell did not himself manufacture, but supervised the work of experts: John and Charles Wood of Port Glasgow, builders of the 43ft 6 in. (13.25 m)-long hull of the Comet; David Napier of Howard Street Foundry for the boiler and other castings; and John Robertson of Dempster Street, who had previously supplied a small engine for pumping water to the baths at the hotel in Helensburgh, for the 3 hp engine. The first trials of the finished ship were held on 24 July 1812, when she was launched from Wood's yard. A regular service was advertised in the Glasgow Chronicle on 5 August and was the first in Europe, preceded only by that of Robert Fulton in the USA. The Comet continued to run until 1820, when it was wrecked.
    Bell received little reward for his promotion of steam navigation, merely small pensions from the Clyde trustees and others. He was buried at the parish church of Rhu.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Edward Morris, 1844, Life of Henry Bell.
    Henry Bell, 1813, Applying Steam Engines to Vessels.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Bell, Henry

  • 92 carving

    noun (a design, ornament etc carved from wood, stone etc.) billedskærerarbejde
    * * *
    noun (a design, ornament etc carved from wood, stone etc.) billedskærerarbejde

    English-Danish dictionary > carving

  • 93 paper

    ['peipə] 1. noun
    1) (the material on which these words are written, made from wood, rags etc and used for writing, printing, wrapping parcels etc: I need paper and a pen to write a letter; ( also adjective) a paper bag.) papir; papir-
    2) (a single (often printed or typed) piece of this: There were papers all over his desk.) papir
    3) (a newspaper: Have you read the paper?) avis
    4) (a group of questions for a written examination: The Latin paper was very difficult.) skriftlig eksamensopgave
    5) ((in plural) documents proving one's identity, nationality etc: The policeman demanded my papers.) identitetspapirer
    •
    - paperback 2. adjective
    paperback novels.) paperback-
    - paper-knife
    - paper sculpture
    - paperweight
    - paperwork
    * * *
    ['peipə] 1. noun
    1) (the material on which these words are written, made from wood, rags etc and used for writing, printing, wrapping parcels etc: I need paper and a pen to write a letter; ( also adjective) a paper bag.) papir; papir-
    2) (a single (often printed or typed) piece of this: There were papers all over his desk.) papir
    3) (a newspaper: Have you read the paper?) avis
    4) (a group of questions for a written examination: The Latin paper was very difficult.) skriftlig eksamensopgave
    5) ((in plural) documents proving one's identity, nationality etc: The policeman demanded my papers.) identitetspapirer
    •
    - paperback 2. adjective
    paperback novels.) paperback-
    - paper-knife
    - paper sculpture
    - paperweight
    - paperwork

    English-Danish dictionary > paper

  • 94 tar

    1. noun
    (any of several kinds of thick, black, sticky material obtained from wood, coal etc and used eg in roadmaking.) tjære
    2. verb
    (to cover with tar: The road has just been tarred.) tjæret
    * * *
    1. noun
    (any of several kinds of thick, black, sticky material obtained from wood, coal etc and used eg in roadmaking.) tjære
    2. verb
    (to cover with tar: The road has just been tarred.) tjæret

    English-Danish dictionary > tar

  • 95 woodwork

    1) (the art of making things from wood; carpentry: He did woodwork at school.) snedkerarbejde; tømrerarbejde
    2) (the wooden part of any structure: The woodwork in the house is rotting.) træværk
    * * *
    1) (the art of making things from wood; carpentry: He did woodwork at school.) snedkerarbejde; tømrerarbejde
    2) (the wooden part of any structure: The woodwork in the house is rotting.) træværk

    English-Danish dictionary > woodwork

  • 96 Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

    FLAX FIBRE, TOW and BY-PRODUCTS
    Flax, Broken - Scutched flax which is less than 20-in. long and therefore unfit for hackling in the spinning mill. Flax, C.D. and T. - Graders' marks which denote the type of scutched flax: c (chaine) to represent warps, D (demi) to represent medium warps, and T (trame) to represent wefts. Flax, Green, or Natural - Scutched flax produced from de-seeded straw without any intermediate treatment such as retting. Flax, Line - The hackled flax produced by a hackling machine or hand hackling. A term sometimes erroneously applied to scutched flax. Flax, Retted - Scutched flax produced from straw which has been retted. Usually divided into three main classes, namely, water retted flax, dew retted flax, and chemically retted flax. Flax, Scutched - The product from the delivery end of a scutching machine or from scutching flax straw on a wheel. It consists of the long fibre strands in a parallel condition and substantially free from wood and other extraneous material. The yield of scutched flax is commonly expressed as stones (14-lb.) per acre, but in Ireland it is sometimes expressed as stones per peck of seed sown. The average yield per acre of scutched flax has varied according to year from about 20 stones per acre to 40 stones per acre, with occasional exceptional yields of 80 and 90 stones per acre. Grader, Flax - The man who places the scutched flaxes in their appropriate grades of quality by eye judgment and feel. Grades, Flax - Tank retted flaxes are graded from A through the alphabet in ascending order of value. Dam retted flaxes are graded from 1-7 in descending order of value. Dew retted flaxes are graded 0-6 in descending order of value. Grades, Tow - Green tow is graded 1-8 and then 9a, 9b, Z, Z2, and beater tow in descending order of value. Tank retted tow is graded I, II, III, 1, 2, 3, 3X, 3XXX, in descending order, whilst dam and dew retted tows are I, II, II, 1, 2, 3. Pluckings - The short, clean fibre produced at the end of the scutching machine where the operatives dress and square the pieces of flax ready for selection. In grading pluckings are classed as tow (q.v.). Root Ends, Straw - The broken-off roots which fall from the straw under the breaking rollers. Rug, Scutching - All the detritus which falls below the two compartments of the scutching machine after the shives have been shaken out of it, or the waste made when producing scutched flax on a wheel. It consists of partly scutched short straws, broken straws, weeds, and beater tow. It is classed as root end rug or top end rug, according to which end of the flax it comes from. Selection - The preliminary sorting of the scutched flax into main grades at the delivery end of the scutching machine. Shives - The short pieces of woody waste beaten from the straw during scutching. Tow - Any substantially clean but tossed and tangled flax fibre of less than scutched flax length. Tow Baling - The operation of making-up tow into bales. Tow, Beater - Short, fine, clean fibres which fall from the last third of the compartments during scutching. Tow, Inferior low grade (Green) - Green tow of a grade lower than 9a. Tow, Inferior low grade (Retted) - Retted tow of a grade lower than 3XXX. Tow, Machine, or Cast - Tow produced by the hackling machine. Tow, Rejected - Tow unsuitable for spinning on flax tow machinery. Tow, Rescutched - Two scutched on tow handles or a tow scutching machine. Tow, Rolled - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and highspeed shaker. Tow, Rolled and Beaten - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and beaters, and a high-speed shaker. The principal flax markets of the world are at Courtrai, Bruges, Ghent, Lokeren and Zele in Belgium; Rotterdam in Holland; Riga in Latvia; Leningrad, Pernau and Witebek in Russia; Douai and Flines in France; Newry, Rathfriland, Strabane, Ballymoney, Lisnaskea, Ballybay and Armagh in Ireland. Courtrai flax is the finest produced. It is uniform in fibre, strong, clean and of a good colour. Yarns up to 200's lea are spun from it. Irish flax comes next in spinning qualities from 90's to 120's lea are produced. As a warp yarn it is much preferred as the strength is greater than other types. Flemish flax is dark in colour, dryer than others, strong, and can be spun up to 120's lea. Dutch flax is clean, good colour and spins into yams up to 90's lea. Russian flax is coarser than the above types and is usually spun up to about 70's lea.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

  • 97 carving

    noun (a design, ornament etc carved from wood, stone etc.) escultura, talla
    tr['kɑːvɪŋ]
    1 (of wood) talla, tallado; (of stone) escultura
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    n.
    • cinceladura s.f.
    • entalladura s.f.
    • escultura s.f.
    • labrado s.m.
    • talla (obra de escultura) s.f.
    • tallado s.m.
    'kɑːrvɪŋ, 'kɑːvɪŋ
    noun talla f, escultura f
    ['kɑːvɪŋ]
    1.
    N (=act) tallado m ; (=ornament) talla f, escultura f
    2.
    CPD

    carving knife N — cuchillo m de trinchar, trinchante m

    * * *
    ['kɑːrvɪŋ, 'kɑːvɪŋ]
    noun talla f, escultura f

    English-spanish dictionary > carving

  • 98 carving

    noun (a design, ornament etc carved from wood, stone etc.) gravura
    * * *
    carv.ing
    [k'a:viŋ] n 1 escultura: a) ato ou arte de esculpir. b) obra feita pelo escultor, entalhe, gravura, recorte. 2 ato de trinchar. carving knife faca de trinchar, trinchante. wood carving entalho: gravura ou escultura em madeiras.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > carving

  • 99 woodwork

    1) (the art of making things from wood; carpentry: He did woodwork at school.) carpintaria
    2) (the wooden part of any structure: The woodwork in the house is rotting.) madeirame
    * * *
    wood.work
    [w'udwə:k] n 1 madeiramento (de casa). 2 obra, trabalho ou artigo de madeira. it is crawling out of the woodwork está começando a emergir ou ativar (depois de uma situação difícil).

    English-Portuguese dictionary > woodwork

  • 100 Chip Hats

    Hats made from wood shavings. The men of Capri, Italy, have worked at cutting wood shavings, and the women and children at sewing and plaiting them, ever since 1500. A hundred years later the industry, which was in an exceedingly flourishing condition, was governed by severe laws and ranked with silk as the most important trade in Italy.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Chip Hats

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