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121 lock-out
HRa form of industrial action taken by an employer during a dispute in which employees are prevented from entering the business premises -
122 nondisclosure agreement
HRa legally enforceable agreement preventing present or past employees from disclosing commercially sensitive information belonging to the employer to any other party. A nondisclosure agreement can remain in force for several years after an employee leaves a company. In the event of a dispute, a company may be required to prove that the information in question belongs to the company itself, is not in the public domain, or cannot be obtained elsewhere.Abbr. NDA -
123 redeployment
HRthe movement of employees by their employer from one location or task to another. Redeployment is often used to minimize layoffs, ensure the fulfillment of a specific order, or ensure the most cost-effective use of employees. -
124 telecenter
Gen Mgta building offering office space and facilities outside the home but away from the main workplace to enable remote working. A telecenter may be owned by one employer—in which case it is known as a satellite center —or may be independently run on behalf of a number of organizations. Employees avoid long commuting times but work in an office rather than at home; employers avoid having to equip several homes with expensive office equipment. -
125 teleworker
Gen Mgtan employee who spends a substantial amount of working time away from the employer’s main premises and communicates with the organization through the use of computing and telecommunications equipment. A teleworker may be based at home, in which case the worker is known as a homeworker, or in a telecenter, or on a variety of sites, in which case he or she may be known as a mobile worker. -
126 termination interview
HRa meeting between an employee and a management representative in order to dismiss the employee. A termination interview should be brief, explaining the reasons for the dismissal, and giving details of whether a notice period should be worked, and whether, especially in the case of a layoff, additional assistance will be forthcoming from the employer. -
127 withholding tax
Fin [m1]1. in the United States, the money that an employer pays directly to the government as a payment of the income tax on the employee2. the money deducted from a dividend or interest payment that a financial institution pays directly to the government as a payment of the income tax on the recipient -
128 Fox, James
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. c.1760d. 1835 Derby, England[br]English machine-tool builder.[br]Very little is known about the life of James Fox, but according to Samuel Smiles (1863) he was as a young man a butler in the service of the Reverend Thomas Gisborne of Foxhall Lodge, Staffordshire. His mechanical abilities were evident from his spare-time activities in the handling of tools and so impressed his employer that he supplied the capital to enable Fox to set up a business in Derby for the manufacture of machinery for the textile and lacemaking industries. To construct this machinery, Fox had to build his own machine tools and later, in the early nineteenth century, made them for sale, some being exported to France, Germany and Poland. He was renowned for his lathes, some of which were quite large; one built in 1830 has been preserved and is 22 ft (6.7 m) long with a swing of 27 in. (69 cm). He was responsible for many improve-ments in the design of the lathe and he also built some of the earliest planing machines (the first, it has been claimed, as early as 1814) and a gear-cutting machine, although this was apparently for cutting wooden patterns for cast gears. The business was continued by his sons Joseph and James (who died in 1859 aged 69) and into the 1860s by the sons of Joseph.[br]Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1863, Industrial Biography, London, reprinted 1967, Newton Abbot (makes brief mention of Fox).Letters relating to the invention of the planing machine can be found in Engineer 14 (1862): 189, 204, 219, 246 and 247.His lathes are described in: R.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio; L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London; repub. 1986; W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford.RTS
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