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101 EXPO '98
Portugal's world's fair, held from May to October 1998, set in Lisbon. Designed to commemorate and celebrate the 500th anniversary of Vasco da Gama's 1498 discovery of an all-water route to India, this was an ambitious undertaking for a small country with a developing economy. The setting of the exposition was remote eastern Lisbon, along the banks of the Tagus estuary. To facilitate logistics, Portugal opened a new Metro station (Oriente) for the Expo and the new Vasco da Gama Bridge, just northeast of the site. More than 10 million visitors, many of them from abroad but a large proportion from Spain and Portugal, arrived at the site by Metro, bus, taxi, or car and were guided by signs in three languages: Portuguese, Spanish, and English. To the dismay of Francophones, the choice of English and Spanish reflected both the nature of the globalization process and Portugal's growing connections with Europe and the wider world.The theme of Expo '98 was "The Oceans, Heritage for the Future," and the official mascot-symbol was "Gil," a cartoon characterization of a drop of ocean water, based on the suggestion of schoolchildren from the small town of Barrancos. Somewhat in the spirit of Disney's Mickey Mouse, "Gil" reflected cheeriness, but his message was serious, alerting the public to the fact that the oceans were endangered and fresh drinking water increasingly in short supply for a burgeoning world population. Among the outstanding structures at Expo '98 was the Pavilion of Portugal, designed by Portuguese architect Álvaro Siza Vieira, and the Pavilion of the Oceans or the Oceanarium (which remained open to the public after the exposition closed), which was designed by an American architect.Despite the general success of the fair, critics gave mixed reviews to the historic commemoration of the Discoveries facets of the effort. No vessel from Vasco da Gama's 1497-99 famous voyage was reproduced at the fair's dockside exhibit—although there was a 19th-century sailing vessel and a reproduction of one of the vessels from Christopher Columbus's first voyage, constructed by Portuguese in Madeira—nor was there much else on Vasco da Gama in the Pavilion of Portugal. Instead, visitors were impressed with a multimedia show based on knowledge of a Portuguese shipwreck, a 17th-century nau, found by archaeologists in recent years. The sound and light show in this lovely space was magnificent. The most popular exhibits were the Oceanarium and the Utopia Pavilion, where lines could be hours long. Despite the fact that Expo '98 made only a weak effort to attract visitors from outside Europe, the general consensus was that it was a successful enterprise, unique in Portugal's record of historic and contemporary expositions since 1940. -
102 з-за
1) from, from behind, from beyond, from round2) because of, owing to, on account of; over ( по причині); through (при позначенні якості, дії тж.)3) for -
103 Cunhal, Álvaro
(Barreirinhas)(1913-2005)Leader of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), author, and ideologue. Álvaro Cunhai was a militant of the PCP since the 1930s and was secretary-general from 1961 to 1992. In the midst of Mikail Gorbachev's reforms and perestroika, Cunha refused to alter the PCP's orthodox commitment to the proletariat and Marxism-Leninism. Throughout a long career of participation in the PCP, Cunhal regularly held influential positions in the organization. In 1931, he joined the PCP while a law student in Lisbon and became secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Youth/Juventude Comunista (JC) in 1935, which included membership in the PCP's central committee. He advanced to the PCP's secretariat in 1942, after playing a leading role in the reorganization of 1940-H that gave the party its present orthodox character. Cunhai dubbed himself "the adopted son of the proletariat" at the 1950 trial that sentenced him to 11 years in prison for communist activity. Because his father was a lawyer-painter-writer and Cunhai received a master's degree in law, his origins were neither peasant nor worker but petit-bourgeois. During his lifetime, he spent 13 years in prison, eight of which were in solitary confinement. On 3 January 1960, he and nine other mostly communist prisoners escaped from Peniche prison and fled the country. The party's main theoretician, Cunhal was elected secretary-general in 1961 and, along with other top leaders, directed the party from abroad while in exile.In the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 that terminated the Estado Novo and ushered in democracy, Cunhal ended his exile and returned to Portugal. He played important roles in post-1974 political events ranging from leader of the communist offensive during the "hot summer" of 1975, positions of minister-without-portfolio in the first through fifth provisional governments, to his membership in parliament beginning in 1976.At the PCP's 14th Congress (1992), Carlos Carvalhas was elected secretary-general to replace Cunhal. Whatever official or unofficial position Cunhal held, however, automatically became an important position within the party. After stepping down as secretary-general, he was elected to head the party's National Council (eliminated in 1996). Many political observers have argued that Cunhal purposely picked a successor who could not outshine him, and it is true that Carvalhas does not have Cunhal's humanistic knowledge, lacks emotion, and is not as eloquent. Cunhai was known not only as a dynamic orator but also as an artist, novelist, and brilliant political tactician. He wrote under several pseudonyms, including Manuel Tiago, who published the well-known Até Amanhã, Camaradas, as well as the novel recently adapted for the film, Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites. Under his own name, he published as well a book on art theory entitled A Arte, O Artista E A Sociedade. He also published volumes of speeches and essays.Although he was among the most orthodox leaders of the major Western European Communist parties, Cunhal was not a puppet of the Soviet Union, as many claimed. He was not only a major leader at home, but also in the international communist movement. His orthodoxy was especially useful to the Soviets in their struggle to maintain cohesion in a movement threatened by division from the Eurocommunists in the 1970s. To conclude that Cunhal was a Soviet puppet is to ignore his independent decisions during the Revolution of 25 April 1974. At that time, the Soviets reportedly tried to slowCunhal's revolutionary drive because it ran counter to detente and other Soviet strategies.In many ways Cunhal's views were locked in the past. His perception and analyses of modern Portuguese revolutionary conditions did not alter radically from his experiences and analyses of revolutionary conditions in the 1940s. To Cunhal, although some conditions had changed, requiring tactical shifts, the major conflict was the same one that led to the creation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1947. The world was still divided into two camps: American and Western imperialism on one side, and socialism, with its goal to achieve the fullest of democracies, on the other. Cunhal continued to believe that Marxism-Leninism and scientific socialism provide the solutions to resolving the problems of the world until his death in 2005. -
104 udefra
adv from without, from (the) outside ( fx no light could be seen from outside; I only saw the house from the outside);( fra udlandet) from abroad;[ hjælp udefra]( også) outside help. -
105 из-за
1) ( направление) from, from behindиз-за грани́цы — from abroad
встать из-за стола́ — get up from the table
из-за шка́фа — from behind the cabinet
2) ( причина) because ofиз-за э́того — because of this
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106 ἄλλοθεν
ἄλλοθεν, Adv.A from another place, ἄ. ἄλλος one from one place, another from another, Il.2.75, etc., cf. Alc.86, Emp.23, Thgn.518, A. Ag.92, 595, etc. ; ἄ. εἰλήλουθε he came from abroad, Od.3.318 ;ποθεν ἄλλοθεν 7.52
; in[dialect] Att., ἄ. ὁθενοῦν or ὁποθενοῦν from what other place soever, Pl.Lg. 738c, Grg. 512a ;οὐδαμόθεν ἄ. Id.Phlb.3c
a: c. gen. loci,ἄ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων Id.Lg. 707e
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄλλοθεν
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107 קמץ
קָמַץ(b. h.) 1) to compress, close the hand, grasp. Pes.VII, 2 יִקְמוֹץ את מקומו he must grab (take a handful of the flour from) its place (where the juice has dripped on it).Esp. to take a fistful (קוֹמֶץ) of the meal-offering (by bending three fingers over to the wrist and striking the flour off with the thumb on top and with the little finger below). Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. X, Par. 9 יכול יקמוץוכ׳ you may think he may grab with the tips of his fingers, Ib. יכול מצוה שיִקְמְצֶנָּה … קְמָצָהּוכ׳ you may think the proper thing is for the priest to take off the fistful, but if a layman did it, it is legal. Men.II, 1 הקוֹמֵץ אתוכ׳ if the priest takes a grab of the meal-offering with the intention of eating ; a. fr.Part. pass. קָמוּץ closed. Cant. R. to VIII, 14 צבי … ועינו אחת קְמוּצָה the deer when sleeping has one eye open and one closed. 2) to leap. Yalk. Ps. 685 קומץ כאיל, v. קָפַץ. Hif. הִקְמִיץ to perform the קְמִיצָה. Lev. R. s. 3 ה׳ ואכלוכ׳ he took the handful for the altar, and ate the rest. Nif. נִקְמָץ to be grabbed from. Men.III, 3 שתי … שלא נִקְמְצוּוכ׳ two meal-offerings which were mixed up before the altars share had been taken off. Ib. 18b בנִקְמָצוֹת concerning such offerings as are subject to קְמִיצָה; a. fr. Pi. קִימֵּץ. 1) to scrape off (with bent fingers). Ḥull.50a מְקַמְּצִין you must take off a little from the surface.Trnsf. to take off a share. B. Bath. 106b שני אחין שחלקו … מקמצין if two brothers divide an estate, and then a third brother comes from abroad …, they have to give him each a share from their portion, opp. בטלה מחלוקת the division is null and void (and a new division by lot has to be made); ib. 107a; a. e. 2) to scrape together, collect. Pesik. R. s. 20 מְקַמֵּץ (not מקמיץ), v. סַרְטָן. Keth.VII, 10 אלו … והמקמץ the following are those whom the court forces to release their wives, … and the scraper; expl. ib. 77a המקבץ צואת כלבים he that collects excrements of dogs; (another interpret.) המק׳ זה בורסי ‘the scraper (of excrements) means the tanner; Tosef. ib. VII, 11 המקמץ את הצואה (not הצועה) who collects excrements; Y. ib. VII, end, 31d. Hag.4a; 7b. 3) to be parsimonious. Ḥull.46a וסימניך עשירין מקמצין and as a mnemonical sign (to remember which of the two it was that threw the liver away, and which used it) it may serve thee: ‘the rich are parsimonious (R. Simon who was rich used it); Men.86a. -
108 קָמַץ
קָמַץ(b. h.) 1) to compress, close the hand, grasp. Pes.VII, 2 יִקְמוֹץ את מקומו he must grab (take a handful of the flour from) its place (where the juice has dripped on it).Esp. to take a fistful (קוֹמֶץ) of the meal-offering (by bending three fingers over to the wrist and striking the flour off with the thumb on top and with the little finger below). Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., ch. X, Par. 9 יכול יקמוץוכ׳ you may think he may grab with the tips of his fingers, Ib. יכול מצוה שיִקְמְצֶנָּה … קְמָצָהּוכ׳ you may think the proper thing is for the priest to take off the fistful, but if a layman did it, it is legal. Men.II, 1 הקוֹמֵץ אתוכ׳ if the priest takes a grab of the meal-offering with the intention of eating ; a. fr.Part. pass. קָמוּץ closed. Cant. R. to VIII, 14 צבי … ועינו אחת קְמוּצָה the deer when sleeping has one eye open and one closed. 2) to leap. Yalk. Ps. 685 קומץ כאיל, v. קָפַץ. Hif. הִקְמִיץ to perform the קְמִיצָה. Lev. R. s. 3 ה׳ ואכלוכ׳ he took the handful for the altar, and ate the rest. Nif. נִקְמָץ to be grabbed from. Men.III, 3 שתי … שלא נִקְמְצוּוכ׳ two meal-offerings which were mixed up before the altars share had been taken off. Ib. 18b בנִקְמָצוֹת concerning such offerings as are subject to קְמִיצָה; a. fr. Pi. קִימֵּץ. 1) to scrape off (with bent fingers). Ḥull.50a מְקַמְּצִין you must take off a little from the surface.Trnsf. to take off a share. B. Bath. 106b שני אחין שחלקו … מקמצין if two brothers divide an estate, and then a third brother comes from abroad …, they have to give him each a share from their portion, opp. בטלה מחלוקת the division is null and void (and a new division by lot has to be made); ib. 107a; a. e. 2) to scrape together, collect. Pesik. R. s. 20 מְקַמֵּץ (not מקמיץ), v. סַרְטָן. Keth.VII, 10 אלו … והמקמץ the following are those whom the court forces to release their wives, … and the scraper; expl. ib. 77a המקבץ צואת כלבים he that collects excrements of dogs; (another interpret.) המק׳ זה בורסי ‘the scraper (of excrements) means the tanner; Tosef. ib. VII, 11 המקמץ את הצואה (not הצועה) who collects excrements; Y. ib. VII, end, 31d. Hag.4a; 7b. 3) to be parsimonious. Ḥull.46a וסימניך עשירין מקמצין and as a mnemonical sign (to remember which of the two it was that threw the liver away, and which used it) it may serve thee: ‘the rich are parsimonious (R. Simon who was rich used it); Men.86a. -
109 beziehen
beziehen v 1. GEN take up (Position); 2. WIWI buy • sich beziehen auf GEN refer to, allude to • sich beziehend auf GEN referring to* * *v 1. < Geschäft> Position take up; 2. <Vw> buy ■ sich beziehen auf < Geschäft> refer to, allude to ■ sich beziehend auf < Geschäft> referring to* * *beziehen
(Aktien) to subscribe, (Geld) to draw, (Waren) to obtain, to buy, to get, to procure;
• junge Aktien beziehen to exercise the right to subscribe to new shares (stock, US);
• Arbeitslosenunterstützung beziehen to receive unemployment compensation, to draw the dole (Br.);
• bestimmten Artikel regelmäßig beziehen to have a standing order for an article;
• direkt beziehen to buy first hand;
• Einkünfte beziehen to derive revenues;
• regelmäßige Einkünfte beziehen to draw a regular income;
• Gehalt beziehen to draw a salary;
• aus erster Hand beziehen to buy first hand;
• Haus beziehen to move into (take possession of) a house;
• Kapitaleinkünfte beziehen to derive income from an investment;
• Markt beziehen to frequent a market;
• Messe beziehen to visit a fair;
• nicht beziehen (Aktien) to non-subscribe;
• Provision aus einem Geschäft beziehen to draw a commission from a transaction;
• Rente beziehen to draw (receive) a pension;
• sich auf ein Schreiben beziehen to refer to a letter;
• Sozialhilfe beziehen to be on relief;
• direkt beim Verlag beziehen to obtain from the publisher;
• Waren beziehen to purchase (receive, procure, obtain) goods;
• Waren aus dem Ausland beziehen to be supplied with goods from abroad;
• Wartestandgeld beziehen to be on half-pay;
• Wohnung beziehen to move into a flat;
• Zeitung beziehen to take in (Br.) (subscribe to) a newspaper;
• durch den Einzelhandel zu beziehen stocked by all retailers. -
110 из-за
предл. (рд.)1. (откуда?) from behindиз-за дома — from behind the house*
встать из-за стола — get* up, или rise*, from the table
2. ( по причине) because of, owing to, on account of; over; (при обозначении качества, действия тж.) through -
111 importare
1. v/t finance, information technology import2. v/i matter, be important( essere necessario) be necessarye a te che te ne importa? what's it to you?non importa it doesn't matternon gliene importa niente he couldn't care less* * *importare v.tr.1 (econ.) to import: l'Italia importa petrolio dai paesi arabi, Italy imports oil from Arab countries; importare merci da un paese in un altro, to import goods from one country into another; importare di nuovo, to reimport; importare merce dall'estero, to import goods from abroad; importare clandestinamente, to smuggle // importare una moda, (estens.) to introduce a fashion // (inform.) importare un file di dati, to import a data file2 (non com.) (implicare) to imply, to involve, to mean*3 (richiedere) to require: questo importa molto tempo e una grave perdita, this requires a long time and a heavy loss◆ v. intr.1 (aver peso, valore) to matter, to be of importance, to be of consequence, to signify: quel che importa è la salute!, what matters is one's health!; che cosa importa?, what does it matter?; non gli importa della sua famiglia, he doesn't care for his family; non importa!, it doesn't matter! (o never mind!); non me ne importa!, I don't care!; non me ne importa niente!, I don't care about it at all; queste cose non importano, these things do not matter (o are of no importance)2 (essere necessario) to be necessary: non importa che tu venga, it is not necessary that you should come (o it is not necessary for you to come).* * *I [impor'tare] vt(introdurre dall'estero) to importII [impor'tare] vi, vb impersle tue ragioni non mi importano — your reasons aren't important to me, I don't care about your reasons
ciò che importa di più è... — the most important thing is...
non importa! — it doesn't matter!, never mind!
oggi o domani non importa — today or tomorrow, it doesn't matter
non preoccuparti, non importa — don't worry, it doesn't matter
non m'importa niente — I couldn't care less, I don't care
non importa cosa/quando/dove — it doesn't matter what/when/where
* * *I 1. [impor'tare] 2.verbo impersonale2) (essere necessario) to be* necessaryII [impor'tare]verbo transitivo econ. to import [prodotti, moda]* * *importare1/impor'tare/ [1](aus. essere) to matter, to be* important; quel che importa è la salute the main thing is health; non me ne importa proprio niente I don't give a damn; non ci importa essere presenti we don't care about being there1 (avere importanza) non importa! it doesn't matter! che importa se lei non capisce who cares if she doesn't understand2 (essere necessario) to be* necessary; non importa che tu venga it's not necessary for you to come.————————importare2/impor'tare/ [1]econ. to import [prodotti, moda]. -
112 ulkoa
by heart (adve)by rote (adve)* * *• by heart• by rote• from abroad• from memory• from outside• from the outside -
113 из-за
предл. (рд.)1) ( обозначает направление) from behindи́з-за до́ма — from behind the house
и́з-за грани́цы — from abroad
встать и́з-за стола́ — get up [rise ] from the table
2) ( укрывает причину) because of, owing to, on account of; over; (при обозначении качества, действия тж.) throughи́з-за него́ — because of him
и́з-за бу́ри — because of the storm
и́з-за ле́ни — through laziness
и́з-за неосторо́жности — through carelessness
3) ( указывает цель действия) forжени́ться и́з-за де́нег — marry for money
••и́з-за того́ что союз — because
и́з-за того́ что́бы союз — for the sake (of), with the aim (of)
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114 adventicius
adventīcĭus (not - tĭus), a, um, adj. [advenio], that is present by coming, coming from abroad, foreign, strange (extrinsecus ad nos perveniens non nostrum, aut nostro labore paratum, Ern. Clav. Cic.; opp. proprius, innatus, insitus, etc.; in Cic. very freq., elsewhere rare).I.In gen.:II.genus (avium),
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 7 (cf. advena):Mithridates magnis adventiciis copiis juvabatur,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24; so,auxilium,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 37:externus et adventicius tepor,
id. N. D. 2, 10:externa atque adventicia visio,
proceeding from the senses, id. Div. 2, 58, 128:doctrina transmarina et adventicia,
id. de Or. 3, 33:dos,
given by another than the father, Dig. 23, 3, 5.—Esp.A.That is added to what is customary, or happens out of course, unusual, extraordinary:B.fructus,
Liv. 8, 28; so,casus,
Dig. 40, 9, 6. —That is acquired without one's own effort: adventicia pecunia, obtained, not from one's own possessions, but by inheritance, usury, presents, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 21; id. Rab. Post. 17:C.humor adventicius,
rain, Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 3:adventiciae res,
Sen. ad Helv. 5.—That pertains to arrival (adventus):adventicia cena,
a banquet given on one's arrival, Suet. Vit. 13 (cf. adventorius).— Adv. phrase: ex adventicio, from without, extrinsically:quidquid est hoc, quod circa nos ex adventicio fulget, liberi, honores, etc.,
Sen. Consol. ad Marc. 10. -
115 adventitius
adventīcĭus (not - tĭus), a, um, adj. [advenio], that is present by coming, coming from abroad, foreign, strange (extrinsecus ad nos perveniens non nostrum, aut nostro labore paratum, Ern. Clav. Cic.; opp. proprius, innatus, insitus, etc.; in Cic. very freq., elsewhere rare).I.In gen.:II.genus (avium),
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 7 (cf. advena):Mithridates magnis adventiciis copiis juvabatur,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24; so,auxilium,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 37:externus et adventicius tepor,
id. N. D. 2, 10:externa atque adventicia visio,
proceeding from the senses, id. Div. 2, 58, 128:doctrina transmarina et adventicia,
id. de Or. 3, 33:dos,
given by another than the father, Dig. 23, 3, 5.—Esp.A.That is added to what is customary, or happens out of course, unusual, extraordinary:B.fructus,
Liv. 8, 28; so,casus,
Dig. 40, 9, 6. —That is acquired without one's own effort: adventicia pecunia, obtained, not from one's own possessions, but by inheritance, usury, presents, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 21; id. Rab. Post. 17:C.humor adventicius,
rain, Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 3:adventiciae res,
Sen. ad Helv. 5.—That pertains to arrival (adventus):adventicia cena,
a banquet given on one's arrival, Suet. Vit. 13 (cf. adventorius).— Adv. phrase: ex adventicio, from without, extrinsically:quidquid est hoc, quod circa nos ex adventicio fulget, liberi, honores, etc.,
Sen. Consol. ad Marc. 10. -
116 ἄλλοθεν
ἄλλο - θεν: from elsewhere; ‘from abroad,’ Od. 3.318; ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος, ‘one from one side, another from another.’A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἄλλοθεν
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117 Boulle, André-Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 November 1642 Paris, Franced. 29 February 1732 Paris, France[br]French cabinet-maker noted for his elaborate designs and high-quality technique in marquetry using brass and tortoiseshell.[br]As with the Renaissance artists and architects of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Italy, Boulle worked as a young man in varied media, as a painter, engraver and metalworker an in mosaic techniques. It was in the 1660s that he turned more specifically to furniture and in the following decade, under the patronage of Louis XIV, that he became a leading ébéniste or cabinet-maker, In 1672 the King's Controller-General, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, recommended Boulle as an outstanding cabinet-maker and he was appointed ébéniste du roi. From then he spent the rest of his life working in the royal palaces, notably the Louvre and Versailles, and also carried out commissions for the French aristocracy and from abroad, particularly Spain and Germany.Before the advent of Boulle, the quality furniture made for the French court and aristocracy had come from foreign craftsmen, particularly Domenico Cucci of Italy and Pierre Colle of the Low Countries. Boulle made his name as their equal in his development of new forms of furniture such as his bureaux and commodes, the immense variety of his designs and their architectural quality, the beauty of his sculptural, gilded mounts, and the development of his elaborate marquetry. He was a leading exponent of the contemporary styles, which meant the elaborately rich baroque forms in the time of Louis XIV and the more delicate rococo elegance in that of Louis XV. The technique to which Boulle gave his name (sometimes referred to in its German spelling of Bühl) incorporated a rich variety of veneering materials into his designs: in particular, he used tortoiseshell and brass with ebony. Even greater richness was created with the introduction of an engraved design upon the brass surfaces. Further delicate elaboration derived from the use of paired panels of decoration to be used in reverse form in one piece, or two matching pieces, of furniture. In one panel, designated as première partie, the marquetry took the form of brass upon tortoiseshell, while in the other (contre-partie) the tortoiseshell was set into the brass background.[br]Further ReadingJ.Fleming and H.Honour, 1977, The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts: Allen Lane, pp. 107–9.1982, The History of Furniture: Orbis (contains many references to Boulle).DY -
118 Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 September 1866 Leicester, Englandd. 26 May 1957 Kings Somborne, Hampshire, England[br]English mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.[br]Alfred Herbert was educated at Stoneygate School, Leicester, and served an apprenticeship with Joseph Jessop \& Sons, also of Leicester, from 1881 to 1886. In 1887 he was engaged as Manager of a small engineering firm in Coventry, and before the end of that year he purchased the business in partnership with William Hubbard. They commenced the manufacture of machine-tools especially for the cycle industry. Hubbard withdrew from the partnership in 1890 and Herbert continued on his own account, the firm being established as a limited liability company, Alfred Herbert Ltd, in 1894. A steady expansion of the business continued, especially after the introduction of their capstan lathe, and by 1914 it was the largest manufacturer of machine-tools in Britain. In addition to making machine-tools of all types for the home and export market, the firm acted as an agent for the import of specialist machine-tools from abroad. During the First World War Alfred Herbert was in 1915 appointed head of machine-tool production at the War Office and when the Ministry of Munitions was set up he was transferred to that Ministry as Controller of Machine Tools. He was President of the Machine Tools Trades Association from 1919 to 1934. He was elected a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1892 and in 1921 was a founder member of the Institution of Production Engineers. Almost to the end of his long life he continued to take an active part in the direction of his company. He expressed his views on current events affecting industry in the technical press and in his firm's house journal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKBE 1917. Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1917. Order of St Stanislas of Russia 1918. Order of Leopold of Belgium 1918. Freeman of the City of Coventry 1933. President, Institution of Production Engineers 1927–9. Honorary Member, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1941.Bibliography1948, Shots at the Truth, Coventry (a selection of his speeches and writings).Further ReadingD.J.Jeremy (ed.), 1984–6, Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. 3, London, pp. 174–7 (a useful account).Obituary, 1957, Engineering, 183:680.RTSBiographical history of technology > Herbert, Sir Alfred Edward
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119 קבא
קַבָּאch. sam(קב to hollow out, arch), Kab. Targ. II Kings 6:25.Targ. Jer. 8:20 שלים קִבָּא, read with ed. Lag. קִצָּא.Snh.29a אטו בק׳ דקיראוכ׳ am I stuck to you by (a gift of) a Kab of wax?, i. e. am I not free to form my own opinion? Yeb.17a, v. גַּנְדַּר I. Kidd.79b, v. כּוּל ch. Pes.113a ק׳ מארעא ולא כורא מאיגרא better a Kab from the ground, than a Kor from the roof, i. e. better a small profit at home, than a large one from abroad (for which you look out anxiously from your roof-top). Snh.27a bot. ק׳ דחושלא a Kab of peeled barley; a. fr.Pl. קַבִּין; קַבַּיָּיא. Y.Ḥall.II, 58d top ק׳ באתריהון רובעיא אזדרעון (read אתערעון, v. עֲרַע I) the Kabs (measures) in their place were enlarged by one fourth.Esth. R. to I, 1 the world is shaped כאפי קַבָּאֵי (prob. to be read: קביא) like the outside of round measures. -
120 קַבָּא
קַבָּאch. sam(קב to hollow out, arch), Kab. Targ. II Kings 6:25.Targ. Jer. 8:20 שלים קִבָּא, read with ed. Lag. קִצָּא.Snh.29a אטו בק׳ דקיראוכ׳ am I stuck to you by (a gift of) a Kab of wax?, i. e. am I not free to form my own opinion? Yeb.17a, v. גַּנְדַּר I. Kidd.79b, v. כּוּל ch. Pes.113a ק׳ מארעא ולא כורא מאיגרא better a Kab from the ground, than a Kor from the roof, i. e. better a small profit at home, than a large one from abroad (for which you look out anxiously from your roof-top). Snh.27a bot. ק׳ דחושלא a Kab of peeled barley; a. fr.Pl. קַבִּין; קַבַּיָּיא. Y.Ḥall.II, 58d top ק׳ באתריהון רובעיא אזדרעון (read אתערעון, v. עֲרַע I) the Kabs (measures) in their place were enlarged by one fourth.Esth. R. to I, 1 the world is shaped כאפי קַבָּאֵי (prob. to be read: קביא) like the outside of round measures.
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