-
101 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) barva2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) barva3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) barva pleti4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) barvitost2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) barevný3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) nabarvit; natřít- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) barevný- colouring
- colourless
- colours
- colour-blind
- colour scheme
- off-colour
- colour in
- show oneself in one's true colours
- with flying colours* * *• vybarvit• barva• barevný -
102 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) farba2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) farba3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) farba pleti4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) kolorit2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) farebný3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) nafarbiť- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) farebný- colouring
- colourless
- colours
- colour-blind
- colour scheme
- off-colour
- colour in
- show oneself in one's true colours
- with flying colours* * *• farebný• farba• farbit -
103 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) culoare2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) vopsea3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) culoare4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) culoare2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) color3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) a vopsi- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) persoană de culoare- colouring
- colourless
- colours
- colour-blind
- colour scheme
- off-colour
- colour in
- show oneself in one's true colours
- with flying colours -
104 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) χρώμα2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) μπογιά3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) χρώμα4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) χρώμα2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) έγχρωμος3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) χρωματίζω- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) έγχρωμος- colouring
- colourless
- colours
- colour-blind
- colour scheme
- off-colour
- colour in
- show oneself in one's true colours
- with flying colours -
105 trick
[trɪk]n1) проделка, шутка, шалость, выходка, проказа, уловкаIn a situation like that we could not afford to play tricks. — В такой ситуации нам было не до шуток.
He is up to his old tricks. — Он опять принимается за свои старые фокусы.
- clever trickHe is always playing mad/wild tricks! — У него всегда какие-то безумные выходки.
- amusing trick
- dirty trick
- tricks of youth
- trick of memory
- trick of fortune
- be up to tricks
- play a trick on smb2) хитрость, обман, мошенничество, надувательствоThere's some trick. — Здесь что-то нечисто.
I suspect some trick. — Я подозреваю обман/мошенничество.
You shall not sell that trick twice. — Второй раз этот номер у вас не пройдет.
- confidence trick- cruel trick
- trick lock
- trick of senses
- play a dirty trick on smb
- get smth by trick
- see through the tricks3) фокус, трюк- acrobatic trick- trick with cards
- teach smb some tricks
- teach a dog some tricks
- do a trick4) уловка, приём, умение, сноровкаLet me show the trick of it. — Дай я покажу тебе, как это делается.
- advertising tricksThere is a trick to making a good pie (to making good coffee). — Надо знать секрет того, как испечь хороший пирог (вартьб хороший кофе).
- trick photography
- trick flying
- tricks of the trade
- trick of mechanism
- trick of light
- trick of style5) привычка, манера- trick of the voice- trick of repeating himself
- queer tricks of gesture
- you can't teach an old dog new tricks -
106 color
1) цвет м2) pl зна́мя с- horse of a different colorwith flying colors — победоно́сно
- show one's colors -
107 take off
I phrvi1) infmlThe moment he saw a police car turn the corner he took off in the opposite direction — Как только он увидел, как полицейская машина завернула за угол, он бросился в противоположную сторону
2) infmlTicket sales really took off after the first performance — После первого представления билеты пошли нарасхват
3) infml4) infmlThe business took off and has been flying high ever since — Дело сразу пошло в гору и начало набирать стремительные обороты
5) infml6) slII phrvt1) infml2) AmE slWe never took no bank off, did we? — Никаких банков мы не грабили
We took off a bar. We came in through the roof — Мы грабанули один бар. Мы проникли туда через крышу
3) AmE slThe guy didn't want to have to take her off - like hell, he didn't — Парень совсем не хотел ее убивать - это точно
-
108 colours
-
109 Who's Who
1) "Кто есть кто", "Кто кем является" ( название ежегодных биографических справочников)Once upon a time I got a circular from a Mr. John Parker asking for some details of myself to be put in the pages of a Who's Who in the Theatre. (S. O'Casey, ‘The Flying Wasp’, ‘Overture’) — Однажды я получил от некоего мистера Джона Паркера официальное письмо с просьбой сообщить некоторые данные о себе, чтобы он мог поместить их в театральном справочнике.
2) ( всегда who is who или Who's who) кто есть кто, кто кем является; ≈ кто что из себя представляет (обыкн. употр. с гл. to distinguish, to know, to learn, to show, etc.); см. тж. which is whichTell me their names. I do not know Who's who. (DEI) — Скажите мне их фамилии. Я ведь никого здесь не знаю.
3) важные лица, цвет обществаThe wedding... was attended by a Who's Who of Boston society. (A. Hailey, ‘The Moneychangers’, part I, ch. 11) — На свадьбе... присутствовал весь цвет бостонского общества.
-
110 snake, black tree
1. LAT Chrysopelea ornata (Show)2. RUS обыкновенная украшенная змея f3. ENG black [golden] tree snake, flying snake4. DEU Goldschlange f5. FRA couleuvre f volanteАреал обитания: Азия, Малайский архипелаг, Филиппины1. LAT Rhamnophis aethiopissa Günther2. RUS чёрный древесный рамнофис m3. ENG black [Günther's] tree snake4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: АфрикаDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > snake, black tree
-
111 snake, golden tree
1. LAT Chrysopelea ornata (Show)2. RUS обыкновенная украшенная змея f3. ENG black [golden] tree snake, flying snake4. DEU Goldschlange f5. FRA couleuvre f volanteАреал обитания: Азия, Малайский архипелаг, ФилиппиныDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > snake, golden tree
-
112 demonstration
1. n демонстрация, манифестация; шествие2. n демонстрация, показ3. n демонстрация силыillegitimate demonstration — незаконная демонстрация; демонстрация с нарушением условий, установленных законом
4. n иллюстрация; иллюстрирование, наглядный показ5. n проявление, обнаружение6. n доказательство; аргументацияto demonstration — убедительно, бесспорно
7. n свидетельство, доказательство8. n воен. ложная атака9. n воен. показательное учениеdemonstration lesson — открытый, показательный урок
demonstration lecture — открытая, показательная лекция
Синонимический ряд:1. exhibit (noun) display; exhibit; exhibition; manifestation; presentation; show; showing; spectacle2. peace march (noun) march; peace march; picket line; protest; rally; sit-in3. presentation of evidence (noun) documentation; explanation; illustration; induction; presentation of evidence; proof -
113 out
1. n парл. разг. оппозиция2. n спорт. аут3. n спорт. команда, которая в данный момент не отбивает4. n спорт. что-то неправильное; то, что не в порядке; недостаток5. n спорт. амер. разг. отговорка, оправдание, предлог, причинаease out — выживать; спровадить под благовидным предлогом
6. n спорт. амер. разг. выход; решение7. n полигр. пропуск; то, что пропущеноwe found out that he was gone — мы узнали, что он уехал
8. n полигр. пропущенное слово9. n полигр. диал. экскурсия, прогулкаto go out for a walk — выйти на прогулку, пойти погулять
10. a внешний; наружный11. a крайний, отдалённый12. a необычного размера, большойout of the ordinary — необычный, особенный
13. a незанятый, свободныйfree out — свободно от выгрузки; свободная выгрузка
14. a потерявший; освобождённый, уволенныйJack out of office — потерявший работу, безработный
15. a неизбранный, непереизбранныйout party — партия, потерпевшая поражение на выборах
16. a выключенный; потушенныйkeied out — выключил; выключенный
thrown out — выключал; выключенный
switched out — выключил; выключенный
thrown out of action — выключал; выключенный
17. a отсутствующий; имеющийся в недостаточном количествеout of the wood — вне опасности; оставив трудности позади
out of distance — очень далеко, вне пределов досягаемости
18. a вышедший из моды, из употребленияall out — от всей души; изо всех сил
19. a потерпевший убыток20. a спорт. находящийся вне игрыeat out — питаться, столоваться вне дома
21. a действующий или происходящий в другом месте22. a рваный, продранный23. a в обмороке; в бесчувственном состоянии24. a тех. потерявший точность, смещённый; вышедший из строяknocked out of action — вывел из строя; выведенный из строя
forced out of action — вывел из строя; выведенный из строя
to put out of action — вывести из строя; подбить
25. v выгнать, выставить, изгнатьcast out — выгнать, выбросить; заставить уйти
sling out — выгнать, вышвырнуть; прогнать
26. v гасить, тушить27. v спорт. разг. нокаутировать28. v спорт. сл. уложить на месте, убить29. v спорт. вывести из игры, удалить с поляflesh out — набирать вес, полнеть
30. v спорт. разг. выходить, отправляться на прогулку, пикник, экскурсию31. v спорт. разг. рассказать, высказать; разболтатьto snap out — сказать сердито, грубо
hear out — выслушать; дать высказаться
whip out — сказать резко и неожиданно; выкрикнуть
32. v спорт. раскрыться, обнаружиться, всплытьduck out — скрыться, улизнуть
33. prep амер. из; за34. prep амер. разг. вдоль, поshrink out — декатировать; усаживать под утюгом
35. int спорт. аут!Синонимический ряд:1. escape (noun) escape; excuse; explanation; means of escape; way out2. showing (noun) show; showing3. eject (verb) boot out; chase; chuck; dismiss; eject; evict; extrude; kick out; throw out4. extinguish (verb) douse; extinguish; put out; quench5. get out (verb) break; come out; get out; leak; transpire6. absent (other) absent; at lunch; busy; gone; left; not in; on vacation7. away (other) away; back; far-off; off8. away from (other) away from; from; from within; out from; out of; out toward9. disqualified (other) disqualified; down; fanned; in the field; put out; retired; struck out10. distant (other) beyond; distant; removed; removed from11. lacking (other) lacking; missing; wanting12. outside (other) exposed; external; extraneous; extrinsic; open; out of doors; outdoors; outer; out-of-doors; outside; unconcealed; withoutdoors13. outward (other) outward; outwards; without14. to completion (other) accomplished; completely; ended; finished; fulfilled; over; to completion; totally15. unconscious (other) comatose; insensate; insensible; out cold; senseless; unconscious -
114 shot
1. n выстрел2. n попытка3. n удар, бросок4. n удар, выпад, колкостьto exchange shots — переругиваться, обмениваться колкостями
he shot 78 on the first 12 holes — на первых 12 лунках он набрал 78 очков, он загнал мяч в первые 12 лунок 78-ю ударами
5. n удар по воротам; удар по калитке; бросок по воротам; бросок в корзинуwinning shot — удар, решающий исход игры
pot shot — неприцельный выстрел; выстрел в упор
6. n стрелок7. n спорт. игрок8. n дальность выстрела9. n дробь10. n воен. сплошной или массивный снаряд11. n шрапнель, картечь12. n воен. косм. пуск; полёт; запуск13. n спорт. ядро14. n ист. пушечное ядро15. n кино16. n кадрlong shot — кадр, снятый дальним планом
17. n съёмка, киносъёмка18. n план съёмки, кинематографический план19. n разг. доза20. n разг. укол, впрыскивание21. n разг. глоток спиртного22. n разг. догадка, предположение23. n разг. человек, личность24. n горн. взрыв25. n горн. заряд взрывчатого вещества26. n горн. шпур27. n горн. рыб. забрасывание сети28. n горн. редк. быстрое, стремительное движение, передвижениеshoot shot — подниматься; быстро повышаться
29. n горн. редк. побег, росток30. v заряжать31. v подвешивать дробинки32. a выбросивший метёлку33. a давший росток34. n переливчатая ткань, ткань с отливом; шёлк «шанжан»35. a переливчатыйshot silk — переливчатый шёлк; шёлк «шанжан»
36. a текст. с уточной прокидкой37. a испещрённый, пересыпанный38. a отнерестившийся39. a разг. изношенный; потрёпанныйhis nerves were shot — его нервы никуда не годились, нервы у него были истрёпаны
40. a разг. обречённый на провал41. a сл. пьяный42. n сл. счёт43. n сл. доля, взносСинонимический ряд:1. injured by gunfire (adj.) bleeding; dead; dying from a bullet wound; injured by gunfire; killed with a gun; struck by a bullet2. worn out (adj.) beyond repair; broken; broken-down; kaput; ruined; screwed up; shoddy; trashed; worn out3. attempt (noun) attempt; distance; endeavor; endeavour; line of fire; range; reach; turn4. dram (noun) dollop; dram; drop; jolt; nip; sip; slug; snifter; snort; snorter; spot; toothful; tot5. fling (noun) crack; fling; go; pop; slap; stab; try; whack; whirl6. opportunity (noun) break; chance; look-in; occasion; opening; opportunity; show; squeak; time7. photograph (noun) camera angle; footage; image on film; perspective; photo; photograph; picture; snapshot8. shooting a gun (noun) a bullet fired; discharge of a firearm; firing; gunfire; loosing a round; pulling the trigger; sharpshooter; shooting a gun9. destroyed (verb) annihilated; atomized; decapitated; decimated; demolished; destroyed; destructed; dismantled; dissolved; dynamited; pulled down; pulverized; quenched; razed; rubbed out; ruined; shattered; smashed; tore down/torn down; undid/undone; unmade; wracked; wrecked10. discredited (verb) blew up/blown up; discredited; disproved; exploded; punctured11. fired (verb) discharged; fired; hurtled; loosed; projected; propelled; shot12. gunned (verb) gunned; pick off; shot13. photographed (verb) photographed14. ran (verb) boiled; bolted; bustled; charged; chased; darted; dashed; flew; flew/flown; flitted; floated; flung; hastened; hurried; lashed; pelted; raced; ran; rocketed; rushed; sailed; scooted; scudded; scurried; skimmed; sprinted; tore/torn15. shot up (verb) shot up16. vomited (verb) brought up; disgorged; sicked up; spewed; spit up or spat up; threw up/thrown up; vomited -
115 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) couleur2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) peinture3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) couleur4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) couleur2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) en couleur3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) peindre- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) personne de couleur- colouring - colourless - colours - colour-blind - colour scheme - off-colour - colour in - show oneself in one's true colours - with flying colours -
116 colour
1. noun1) (a quality which objects have, and which can be seen, only when light falls on them: What colour is her dress?; Red, blue and yellow are colours.) cor2) (paint(s): That artist uses water-colours.) tinta3) ((a) skin-colour varying with race: people of all colours.) cor4) (vividness; interest: There's plenty of colour in his stories.) colorido2. adjective((of photographs etc) in colour, not black and white: colour film; colour television.) em cores3. verb(to put colour on; to paint: They coloured the walls yellow.) colorir, pintar- coloured4. noun((sometimes used impolitely) a dark-skinned person especially of Negro origin.) negro- colouring - colourless - colours - colour-blind - colour scheme - off-colour - colour in - show oneself in one's true colours - with flying colours -
117 colour
A n1 ( hue) couleur f ; what colour is it? de quelle couleur est-il? ; do you have it in a different colour? est-ce que vous l'avez dans une autre couleur? ; the sky was the colour of lead le ciel était de la couleur du plomb ; in colour Cin, TV en couleur ; the artist's use of colour l'usage que l'artiste fait de la couleur ; the garden was a mass of colour le jardin était une symphonie de couleurs ; to take the colour out of sth décolorer qch ; to give ou lend colour to sth colorer qch ; to paint sth in glowing colours fig brosser un tableau brillant de qch ; ‘available in 12 colours’ ‘existe en 12 coloris’ ;2 ( vividness) (in writing, description) couleur f ; period colour couleur f d'époque ; a work full of colour une œuvre haute en couleur ;4 Cosmet cheek colour fard m à joues ; eye colour fard m à paupières ; lip colour rouge m à lèvres ;5 ( racial pigmentation) couleur f de peau ; people of all races and colours des gens de toutes races et de toutes couleurs ;6 ( complexion) couleur f ; to change colour changer de couleur ; to lose (one's) colour perdre ses couleurs ; to put colour into sb's cheeks redonner des couleurs à qn ; that should put a bit of colour into her cheeks! cela devrait lui redonner un peu de couleur! ; to have a high colour ( naturally) être rubicond ; ( from illness or embarrassment) être très rouge ; her face was drained of colour son visage était livide ; her colour rose elle a rougi ; he's getting his colour back at last il reprend enfin des couleurs.B colours npl Mil, Sport, Turf couleurs fpl ; Naut pavillon m ; racing colours Turf couleurs de l'écurie ; the colours of the regiment les couleurs du régiment ; he's playing in England's colours il porte les couleurs de l'Angleterre ; under false colours Naut sous un faux pavillon ; fig sous un faux jour ; to get one's tennis/football colours GB Sport être sélectionné pour l'équipe de tennis/football ; a scarf in the club colours une écharpe aux couleurs du club.C modif1 Phot, TV [picture, photo, photography, slide] (en) couleur ; [copier, printer] couleur ; colour film ( for camera) pellicule f couleur ; Cin film m en couleur ;2 Sociol [prejudice, problem] racial.D vtr1 lit (with paints, crayons) colorier ; ( with commercial paints) peindre ; ( with food dye) colorer ; ( with hair dye) teindre ; to colour sth blue colorier or colorer or peindre or teindre qch en bleu ;E vi [plant, fruit] changer de couleur ; [person] ( also colour up) rougir ; to colour (up) with devenir rouge de [anger, embarrassment].let's see the colour of your money voyons un peu la couleur de ton argent ; to be off colour ne pas être en forme ; to pass with flying colours réussir haut la main ; to show one's true colours se montrer sous son vrai jour. -
118 blind
blind [blaɪnd](a) (sightless) aveugle, non voyant;∎ to go blind devenir aveugle;∎ blind from birth aveugle de naissance;∎ his sister is blind sa sœur est aveugle;∎ he's blind in one eye il est aveugle d'un œil, il est borgne;∎ I'm blind without my glasses je ne vois rien sans mes lunettes;∎ as blind as a bat myope comme une taupe;∎ to turn a blind eye to sth fermer les yeux sur qch(b) (unthinking) aveugle;∎ blind loyalty/trust loyauté f/confiance f aveugle;∎ he flew into a blind rage il s'est mis dans une colère noire;∎ blind with anger aveuglé par la colère;∎ they were blind to the danger le danger leur échappait;∎ she was blind to the consequences elle ignorait les conséquences, elle ne voyait pas les conséquences;∎ love is blind l'amour est aveugle(c) (hidden from sight → corner, turning) sans visibilité∎ blind flying vol m sans visibilité, vol m en P.S.V.∎ he was blind drunk il était ivre mort;∎ familiar he didn't take a blind bit of notice of what I said il n'a pas fait la moindre attention à ce que j'ai dit;∎ familiar it doesn't make a blind bit of difference to me cela m'est complètement égal(f) (without exit → window, door) feint, aveugle∎ blinded ex-servicemen aveugles mpl de guerre;∎ we were blinded by the smoke on était aveuglé par la fumée(b) (deprive of judgement, reason) aveugler;∎ vanity blinded him to her real motives sa vanité l'empêchait de discerner ses véritables intentions;∎ love blinded her to his faults aveuglée par l'amour, elle n'a pas vu ses défauts;∎ humorous to blind sb with science éblouir qn par sa science3 noun(a) (for window) store m;∎ shop blind (over pavement) banne f∎ the trip was just a blind for his smuggling activities le voyage a servi à masquer ou dissimuler ses activités de contrebande∎ the blind les aveugles mpl, les non-voyants mpl;∎ I was told to show him how the new photocopier works but it's like the blind leading the blind on m'a demandé de lui montrer comment se servir de la nouvelle photocopieuse mais je n'en sais pas plus long que lui5 adverb(a) Cars & Aviation (drive, fly → without visibility) sans visibilité; (→ using only instruments) aux instruments∎ I would swear blind he was there j'aurais donné ma tête à couper ou j'aurais juré qu'il était là►► British blind alley impasse f, cul-de-sac m;∎ figurative the government's new idea is just another blind alley encore une idée du gouvernement qui n'aboutira à rien ou ne mènera nulle part;blind date (meeting) rendez-vous m ou rencontre f arrangée (avec quelqu'un qu'on ne connaît pas); (person) inconnu(e) m,f (avec qui on a rendez-vous);blind man's buff (game) colin-maillard m;∎ on my blind side dans mon angle mort;blind spot Cars (in mirror) angle m mort; (in road) endroit m sans visibilité; Medicine point m aveugle; figurative (weak area) côté m faible, faiblesse f;∎ he has a blind spot about his daughter quand il s'agit de sa fille, il refuse de voir la vérité en face;∎ I have a blind spot about maths je ne comprends rien aux mathématiques;Marketing blind test test m aveugle;Marketing blind testing tests mpl aveugles -
119 Leonardo da Vinci
[br]b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.[br]Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.[br]Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.[br]Principal Honours and Distinctions"Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.Further ReadingE.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.LRD / IMcN -
120 9433
1. LAT Chrysopelea ornata (Show)2. RUS обыкновенная украшенная змея f3. ENG black [golden] tree snake, flying snake4. DEU Goldschlange f5. FRA couleuvre f volanteАреал обитания: Азия, Малайский архипелаг, Филиппины
См. также в других словарях:
Flying Squid Studios — ( Cartoons to rot your brain! ) is the company and website created by Daniel Geduld, a committed atheist. The website boasts multiple cartoon parodies, including The Skeletor Show viewable on YouTube, Super! shown on lulu.tv and Star Trek:… … Wikipedia
Flying Matters — is a pro aviation coalition in the United Kingdom. Members include tourist organisations, airlines, aerospace manufacturers, trade associations, airport operators, growers and others. Formed in June 2007, they have issued briefings, press… … Wikipedia
Flying/Sporting Pigeons — Flying/Sporting is the name of one of three main groupings of breeds of domesticated pigeons used by pigeon fanciers in the United States. The other two are Fancy and Utility. These groupings, which can be somewhat arbitrary, are useful mainly in … Wikipedia
Flying saucer — is the name given to a type of unidentified flying object (UFO) with a disc or saucer shaped body, usually described as silver or metallic, occasionally reported as covered with running lights or surrounded with a glowing light, hovering or… … Wikipedia
Flying Tiger Line — IATA FT* ICAO FTL* Callsign TIGER* Founded 1945 … Wikipedia
Flying disc — Flying discs (commonly called Frisbees) are disc shaped objects, which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8 ndash;10 inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross section, allows it to fly by… … Wikipedia
Flying rings — was a gymnastic event similar to still rings, but with the performer gripping a pair of rings, approximately shoulder width apart, and swinging from the point of suspension of the rings while executing a series of stunts. ApparatusWhereas still… … Wikipedia
Flying Enterprise — was a 6,711 ton Type C1 ship. She was built in 1944 and commissioned as the SS Cape Kumukaki (C1 B). She operated as a tramp steamer.After World War II, she was sold in 1947 to Isbrandtsen Company. At this time her name was changed to the Flying… … Wikipedia
Flying Finn (airline) — Flying Finn Airways was a low cost airline, based at Helsinki Vantaa Airport, Finland. It ceased operations in 2004. History The airline was established in December 2002 and started operations on 16 March 2003. Its cheap air fares were based on… … Wikipedia
Flying Daggers — (飛刀又見飛刀) is a Chinese television series, adapted from one of a series of Gu Long s martial arts novel. With famous Taiwanese producer Yang Pei Pei, and a cast including Ruby Lin, Julian Cheung, and Sun Xin, this adventure epic unfolds to it… … Wikipedia
Flying Man — may refer to:* The Flying Man , an 1893 short story by H. G. Wells * Flying man argument, formulated by the Persian polymath and philosopher Avicenna *Flying Man, a character in the Cirque du Soleil production Alegría * Flying Man , nickname of… … Wikipedia