-
1 cog
[kɔg]n( wheel) koło nt zębate; ( tooth) ząb m ( koła zębatego)* * *[koɡ](one of a series of teeth around the edge of a wheel which fits into one of a similar series in a similar wheel (or into a chain as in a bicycle) causing motion: The cogs in the gear-wheels of a car get worn down.) ząb -
2 turn
[təːn] 1. n( rotation) obrót m; ( in road) zakręt m; ( change) zmiana f; ( chance) kolej f; ( performance) występ m; ( inf) ( of illness) napad m2. vthandle przekręcać (przekręcić perf); key przekręcać (przekręcić perf), obracać (obrócić perf); steak, page przewracać (przewrócić perf); wood, metal toczyć3. vi( rotate) obracać się (obrócić się perf); ( change direction) skręcać (skręcić perf); ( face in different direction) odwracać się (odwrócić się perf); milk kwaśnieć (skwaśnieć perf)it gave me quite a turn ( inf) — to mnie nieźle zaszokowało (inf)
"no left turn" — "zakaz skrętu w lewo"
in turn — ( in succession) po kolei; (indicating consequence, cause etc) z kolei
to take turns (at) — zmieniać się (zmienić się perf) (przy +loc)
at the turn of the century — u schyłku wieku, na przełomie wieków
to take a turn for the worse — przybierać (przybrać perf) zły obrót
his health/he has taken a turn for the worse — jego stan pogorszył się, pogorszyło mu się (inf)
Phrasal Verbs:- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn up* * *[tə:n] 1. verb1) (to (make something) move or go round; to revolve: The wheels turned; He turned the handle.) obracać (się)2) (to face or go in another direction: He turned and walked away; She turned towards him.) obrócić się3) (to change direction: The road turned to the left.) skręcić4) (to direct; to aim or point: He turned his attention to his work.) zwrócić5) (to go round: They turned the corner.) objechać, obejść6) (to (cause something to) become or change to: You can't turn lead into gold; At what temperature does water turn into ice?) obrócić (się), przemieniać (się)7) (to (cause to) change colour to: Her hair turned white; The shock turned his hair white.) stać się, zmienić kolor na2. noun1) (an act of turning: He gave the handle a turn.) obrót2) (a winding or coil: There are eighty turns of wire on this aerial.) zwój3) ((also turning) a point where one can change direction, eg where one road joins another: Take the third turn(ing) on/to the left.) zakręt4) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) kolej5) (one of a series of short circus or variety acts, or the person or persons who perform it: The show opened with a comedy turn.) numer•- turnover
- turnstile
- turntable
- turn-up
- by turns
- do someone a good turn
- do a good turn
- in turn
- by turns
- out of turn
- speak out of turn
- take a turn for the better
- worse
- take turns
- turn a blind eye
- turn against
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn loose
- turn off
- turn on
- turn out
- turn over
- turn up -
3 place
[pleɪs] 1. nmiejsce nt; ( in street names) ≈ ulica f2. vtto take sb's/sth's place — zajmować (zająć perf) czyjeś miejsce/miejsce czegoś
to get a place at college/university — dostawać się (dostać się perf) do kolegium/na uniwersytet
to be placed first/third — plasować się (uplasować się perf) na pierwszym/trzecim miejscu
to change places with sb — zamieniać się (zamienić się perf) (miejscami) z kimś
to put sb in their place ( fig) — pokazywać (pokazać perf) komuś, gdzie jest jego miejsce
to place an order with sb (for sth) — składać (złożyć perf) u kogoś zamówienie (na coś)
* * *[pleis] 1. noun1) (a particular spot or area: a quiet place in the country; I spent my holiday in various different places.) miejsce2) (an empty space: There's a place for your books on this shelf.) miejsce3) (an area or building with a particular purpose: a market-place.) plac, dom4) (a seat (in a theatre, train, at a table etc): He went to his place and sat down.) miejsce5) (a position in an order, series, queue etc: She got the first place in the competition; I lost my place in the queue.) miejsce6) (a person's position or level of importance in society etc: You must keep your secretary in her place.) miejsce7) (a point in the text of a book etc: The wind was blowing the pages of my book and I kept losing my place.) miejsce8) (duty or right: It's not my place to tell him he's wrong.) sprawa9) (a job or position in a team, organization etc: He's got a place in the team; He's hoping for a place on the staff.) miejsce10) (house; home: Come over to my place.) dom11) ((often abbreviated to Pl. when written) a word used in the names of certain roads, streets or squares.) ulica12) (a number or one of a series of numbers following a decimal point: Make the answer correct to four decimal places.) miejsce2. verb1) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) umieszczać2) (to remember who a person is: I know I've seen her before, but I can't quite place her.) umiejscowić•- go places
- in the first
- second place
- in place
- in place of
- out of place
- put oneself in someone else's place
- put someone in his place
- put in his place
- take place
- take the place of -
4 volume
['vɔljuːm]n( space) objętość f; ( amount) (of exports, trade) wolumen m, rozmiary pl; ( of traffic) natężenie nt; ( of book) tom m; ( sound level) głośność fvolume one/two — tom pierwszy/drugi
* * *['voljum]1) (a book: This library contains over a million volumes.) tom2) (one of a series of connected books: Where is volume fifteen of the encyclopedia?) tom3) (the amount of space occupied by something, expressed in cubic measurement: What is the volume of the petrol tank?) pojemność4) (amount: A large volume of work remains to be done.) ilośc5) (level of sound eg on a radio, television etc: Turn up the volume on the radio.) siła głosu -
5 chain store
nsklep m należący do sieci* * *(one of a series of shops (often department stores) under the same ownership.) sklep sieci handlowej -
6 cup-tie
noun (one of a series of games in a football competition in which the prize is a cup.) mecz eliminacyjny -
7 phase
[feɪz] 1. nfaza f2. vt* * *[feiz]1) (a stage in the development of something: We are entering a new phase in the war.) faza2) (one in a series of regular changes in the shape or appearance of something (especially the moon or a planet): the phases of the moon.) faza -
8 pirouette
[pɪru'ɛt] 1. npiruet m2. virobić (zrobić perf) piruet* * *[piru'et] 1. noun(a dancer's quick turning movement: The ballerina did/danced a pirouette.) piruet2. verb(to do one or a series of these movements: She pirouetted across the stage.) robić piruety -
9 test match
(CRICKET, RUGBY) nmecz m reprezentacji narodowych* * *(in cricket, (one of) a series of matches between teams from two countries.) mecz (krykieta) -
10 cycle
['saɪkl] 1. n 2. vijechać (pojechać perf) rowerem or na rowerze; ( regularly) jeździć na rowerze* * *I 1. verb(to go by bicycle: He cycles to work every day.) jeździć rowerem2. noun(shortened form of bicycle: They bought the child a cycle for his birthday.) rower- cyclistII noun1) (a number of events happening one after the other in a certain order: the life-cycle of the butterfly.) cykl2) (a series of poems, songs etc written about one main event etc: a song cycle.) cykl3) ((of alternating current, radio waves etc) one complete series of changes in a regularly varying supply, signal etc.) cykl, okres•- cyclic- cyclically -
11 step
[stɛp] 1. nstep by step ( fig) — krok po kroku
to march in/out of step (with) — maszerować w takt/nie w takt ( +gen)
to be in/out of step with ( fig) — być/nie być zgodnym z +instr
- steps2. vi, see stepladderto step forward/back — występować (wystąpić perf) w przód/w tył
Phrasal Verbs:- step in- step off- step on- step up* * *[step] 1. noun1) (one movement of the foot in walking, running, dancing etc: He took a step forward; walking with hurried steps.) krok2) (the distance covered by this: He moved a step or two nearer; The restaurant is only a step (= a short distance) away.) krok3) (the sound made by someone walking etc: I heard (foot) steps.) krok4) (a particular movement with the feet, eg in dancing: The dance has some complicated steps.) krok5) (a flat surface, or one flat surface in a series, eg on a stair or stepladder, on which to place the feet or foot in moving up or down: A flight of steps led down to the cellar; Mind the step!; She was sitting on the doorstep.) stopień6) (a stage in progress, development etc: Mankind made a big step forward with the invention of the wheel; His present job is a step up from his previous one.) krok7) (an action or move (towards accomplishing an aim etc): That would be a foolish/sensible step to take; I shall take steps to prevent this happening again.) krok2. verb(to make a step, or to walk: He opened the door and stepped out; She stepped briskly along the road.) robić krok, iść- steps- stepladder
- stepping-stones
- in
- out of step
- step aside
- step by step
- step in
- step out
- step up
- watch one's step -
12 every
['ɛvrɪ]adj1) ( each) każdyevery one of them — ( persons) (oni) wszyscy vir pl, (one) wszystkie nvir pl; ( objects) wszystkie pl
2) ( all possible)3) ( showing recurrence) co +accevery other/third day — co drugi/trzeci dzień
* * *['evri]1) (each one of or all (of a certain number): Every room is painted white; Not every family has a car.) każdy2) (each (of an indefinite number or series): Every hour brought the two countries nearer war; He attends to her every need.) każdy3) (the most absolute or complete possible: We have every reason to believe that she will get better.) wszelki4) (used to show repetition after certain intervals of time or space: I go to the supermarket every four or five days; Every second house in the row was bright pink; `Every other day' means èvery two days' or `on alternate days'.) co...•- everyone
- everyday
- everything
- everywhere
- every bit as
- every now and then / every now and again / every so often
- every time -
13 line
[laɪn] 1. n( mark) linia f, kreska f; ( wrinkle) zmarszczka f; ( of people) kolejka f; ( of things) rząd m, szpaler m; (of writing, song) linijka f, wiersz m; ( rope) lina f, sznur m; ( for fishing) żyłka f; ( wire) przewód m; ( TEL) linia f, połączenie nt; ( railway track) tor m; (bus, train route) linia f; ( fig) (attitude, policy) linia f, kurs m; (business, work) dziedzina f, branża f; ( COMM) ( of product(s)) typ m, model m2. vtroad ustawiać się (ustawić się perf) wzdłuż +gen, tworzyć (utworzyć perf) szpaler wzdłuż +gen; clothing podszywać (podszyć perf); container wykładać (wyłożyć perf)to line sth with sth — wykładać (wyłożyć perf) coś czymś
to line the streets — wypełniać (wypełnić perf) ulice
to cut in line (US) — wpychać się (wepchnąć się perf) do kolejki
in line — rzędem, w szeregu
in line with — w zgodzie z +instr
to bring sth into line with sth — dostosowywać (dostosować perf) coś do czegoś
to draw the line at doing sth — stanowczo sprzeciwiać się (sprzeciwić się perf) robieniu czegoś
Phrasal Verbs:- line up* * *I 1. noun1) ((a piece of) thread, cord, rope etc: She hung the washing on the line; a fishing-rod and line.) sznur, żyłka2) (a long, narrow mark, streak or stripe: She drew straight lines across the page; a dotted/wavy line.) linia3) (outline or shape especially relating to length or direction: The ship had very graceful lines; A dancer uses a mirror to improve his line.) sylwetka4) (a groove on the skin; a wrinkle.) zmarszczka5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) rząd, szereg6) (a short letter: I'll drop him a line.) `parę słów`7) (a series or group of persons which come one after the other especially in the same family: a line of kings.) linia, ród8) (a track or direction: He pointed out the line of the new road; a new line of research.) kurs, wytyczna9) (the railway or a single track of the railway: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge only.) tor10) (a continuous system (especially of pipes, electrical or telephone cables etc) connecting one place with another: a pipeline; a line of communication; All (telephone) lines are engaged.) sieć, instalacja11) (a row of written or printed words: The letter contained only three lines; a poem of sixteen lines.) wiersz, linia12) (a regular service of ships, aircraft etc: a shipping line.) linia13) (a group or class (of goods for sale) or a field of activity, interest etc: This has been a very popular new line; Computers are not really my line.) towar, asortyment, branża14) (an arrangement of troops, especially when ready to fight: fighting in the front line.) linia (bojowa)2. verb1) (to form lines along: Crowds lined the pavement to see the Queen.) tworzyć szpaler2) (to mark with lines.) kreskować•- lineage- linear- lined- liner- lines- linesman
- hard lines!
- in line for
- in
- out of line with
- line up
- read between the lines II verb1) (to cover on the inside: She lined the box with newspaper.) wyłożyć2) (to put a lining in: She lined the dress with silk.) podszyć•- lined- liner- lining -
14 scale
[skeɪl] 1. n(of numbers, salaries, model) skala f; ( of map) skala f, podziałka f; ( of fish) łuska f; ( MUS) gama f; (size, extent) rozmiary pl, wielkość fto draw sth to scale — rysować (narysować perf) coś w skali
- scales2. vtwdrapywać się (wdrapać się perf) na +accPhrasal Verbs:* * *I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) skala3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) gama4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) podziałka, skala5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) skalaII [skeil] verb(to climb (a ladder, cliff etc): The prisoner scaled the prison walls and escaped.) wspiąć się naIII [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) łuska- scaly -
15 chain
[tʃeɪn] 1. nłańcuch m; ( piece of jewellery) łańcuszek m; (of shops, hotels) sieć f2. vt(also: chain up) prisoner przykuwać (przykuć perf) łańcuchem; dog uwiązywać (uwiązać perf) na łańcuchu* * *[ ein] 1. noun1) (a series of (especially metal) links or rings passing through one another: The dog was fastened by a chain; She wore a silver chain round her neck.) łańcuch2) (a series: a chain of events.) łańcuch2. verb(to fasten or bind with chains: The prisoner was chained to the wall.) przykuwać- chain store -
16 roll
[rəul] 1. n( of paper) rolka f; ( of cloth) bela f; ( of banknotes) zwitek m; ( of members etc) lista f, wykaz m; ( in parish etc) rejestr m, archiwum nt; ( of drums) werbel m; (also: bread roll) bułka f2. vtball, dice toczyć, kulać; (also: roll up) string zwijać (zwinąć perf); sleeves podwijać (podwinąć perf); cigarette skręcać (skręcić perf); eyes przewracać +instr; (also: roll out) pastry wałkować, rozwałkowywać (rozwałkować perf); road, lawn walcować3. viball, stone, tears toczyć się (potoczyć się perf); thunder przetaczać się (przetoczyć się perf); ship kołysać się; sweat spływać; camera, printing press chodzićcheese/ham roll — bułka z serem/szynką
Phrasal Verbs:- roll in- roll up* * *I 1. [rəul] noun1) (anything flat (eg a piece of paper, a carpet) rolled into the shape of a tube, wound round a tube etc: a roll of kitchen foil; a toilet-roll.) rolka2) (a small piece of baked bread dough, used eg for sandwiches: a cheese roll.) bułka3) (an act of rolling: Our dog loves a roll on the grass.) tarzanie się4) (a ship's action of rocking from side to side: She said that the roll of the ship made her feel ill.) kołysanie5) (a long low sound: the roll of thunder.) grzmot6) (a thick mass of flesh: I'd like to get rid of these rolls of fat round my waist.) zwał7) (a series of quick beats (on a drum).) werbel2. verb1) (to move by turning over like a wheel or ball: The coin/pencil rolled under the table; He rolled the ball towards the puppy; The ball rolled away.) (po)toczyć (się)2) (to move on wheels, rollers etc: The children rolled the cart up the hill, then let it roll back down again.) toczyć3) (to form (a piece of paper, a carpet) into the shape of a tube by winding: to roll the carpet back.) zwinąć (w rulon)4) ((of a person or animal in a lying position) to turn over: The doctor rolled the patient (over) on to his side; The dog rolled on to its back.) przewrócić (się)5) (to shape (clay etc) into a ball or cylinder by turning it about between the hands: He rolled the clay into a ball.) rozwałkować, utoczyć6) (to cover with something by rolling: When the little girl's dress caught fire, they rolled her in a blanket.) zawinąć7) (to make (something) flat or flatter by rolling something heavy over it: to roll a lawn; to roll pastry (out).) walcować, wałkować8) ((of a ship) to rock from side to side while travelling forwards: The storm made the ship roll.) kołysanie się9) (to make a series of low sounds: The thunder rolled; The drums rolled.) grzmieć10) (to move (one's eyes) round in a circle to express fear, surprise etc.) wywrócić11) (to travel in a car etc: We were rolling along merrily when a tyre burst.) turlać się12) ((of waves, rivers etc) to move gently and steadily: The waves rolled in to the shore.) falować, płynąć, kołysać się13) ((of time) to pass: Months rolled by.) przemijać•- roller- rolling
- roller-skate 3. verb(to move on roller-skates: You shouldn't roller-skate on the pavement.) jeździć na wrotkach- roll in
- roll up II(a list of names, eg of pupils in a school etc: There are nine hundred pupils on the roll.) rejestr -
17 campaign
[kæm'peɪn] 1. nkampania f2. viprowadzić (przeprowadzić perf) kampanięto campaign for/against — prowadzić kampanię na rzecz +gen /przeciw(ko) +dat
* * *[kæm'pein] 1. noun1) (the operations of an army while fighting in one area or for one purpose: the Burma campaign in the Second World War.) kampania2) (a series of organized actions in support of a cause: a campaign against smoking.) kampania2. verb(to take part in a campaign: He has campaigned against smoking for years.) prowadzić kampanię -
18 exercise
['ɛksəsaɪz] 1. n(no pl) ( keep-fit) ćwiczenia pl fizyczne; (piece of work, practice) ćwiczenie nt; ( MIL) ćwiczenia pl, manewry pl2. vtright korzystać (skorzystać perf) z +gen; patience wykazywać (wykazać perf); dog ćwiczyć; problem mind zaprzątać3. vi(also: to take exercise) uprawiać sport* * *1. noun1) (training or use (especially of the body) through action or effort: Swimming is one of the healthiest forms of exercise; Take more exercise.) ćwiczenie, gimnastyka2) (an activity intended as training: ballet exercises; spelling exercises.) ćwiczenie, zadanie3) (a series of tasks, movements etc for training troops etc: His battalion is on an exercise in the mountains.) ćwiczenia, manewry2. verb1) (to train or give exercise to: Dogs should be exercised frequently; I exercise every morning.) ćwiczyć2) (to use; to make use of: She was given the opportunity to exercise her skill as a pianist.) używać -
19 hop
[hɔp] 1. vi 2. n* * *I 1. [hop] past tense, past participle - hopped; verb1) ((of people) to jump on one leg: The children had a competition to see who could hop the farthest; He hopped about in pain when the hammer fell on his foot.) skakać2) ((of certain small birds, animals and insects) to jump on both or all legs: The sparrow/frog hopped across the lawn.) skakać3) (to jump: He hopped (over) the fence and ran away; He hopped out of bed.) wyskoczyć, przeskoczyć4) ((with in(to), out (of)) to get into or out of a car etc: The car stopped and the driver told the hikers to hop in; I'll hop out of the car at the next crossroads.) wskoczyć, wyskoczyć2. noun1) (a short jump on one leg.) podskok2) ((of certain small birds, animals and insects) a short jump on both or all legs: The sparrow crossed the lawn in a series of hops.) podskok•- catch someone on the hop
- catch on the hop
- keep someone on the hop
- keep on the hop II [hop] noun(a climbing plant, the bitter fruits of which (hops) are used in brewing beer.) chmiel -
20 list
[lɪst] 1. nlista f, spis m2. vt( record) wyliczać (wyliczyć perf), wymieniać (wymienić perf); ( COMPUT) listować (wylistować perf); ( write down) robić (zrobić perf) listę +gen, spisywać (spisać perf); ( put down on list) umieszczać (umieścić perf) na liście3. viship mieć przechył* * *I 1. [list] noun(a series eg of names, numbers, prices etc written down or said one after the other: a shopping-list; We have a long list of people who are willing to help.) lista, wykaz, spis2. verb(to place in a list: He listed the things he had to do.) zrobić wykazII 1. [list] verb(to lean over to one side: The ship is listing.) mieć przechył2. nounThe ship had a heavy list.) przechył
- 1
- 2
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