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1 Wool-Dyeing Viscose Staple Fibre
Viscose staple fibre to which has been imparted properties which allow it to be dyed with wool dyes, so that in wool and viscose staple fibre mixture fabrics both materials are dyed simultaneously.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Wool-Dyeing Viscose Staple Fibre
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2 Wool Sorting
Wool fleeces contain several grades of wool. The wool sorter's work consists in selecting portions from successive fleeces which agree substantially in their major characteristics of fineness of fibre, length of staple, crimp, and other features he may discern in the wool and which influence his decisions in sorting the wool into match-ings which can be spun together with satisfactory results. The names given to the various " sorts " isolated by the wool sorter may be in accordance with their subsequent use as warp, weft, knitting, etc. (See Wool Classing) -
3 Wool Quality
In intention wool quality is meant to be an estimation of the probable spinning value of a given lot or sample of wool. The estimation requires skill of a very high order and those who have to buy and sell wool on the sight and feel of samples have developed a surprising soundness of judgment. In the United Kingdom wools are given quality numbers and a 64's quality wool should spin satisfactory yarn as fine as 64's worsted counts. This is not absolute and many factors influence quality estimations, such as fibre fineness, average length of fibres, uniformity of growth or otherwise, e.g., defects or weaknesses caused by drought, illness of the sheep, etc., crimp, waviness, etc. -
4 fibre de verre isolante
Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > fibre de verre isolante
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5 Artificial Wool
Is really a recovered waste product, and has grown to an important branch of the textile industry. A large quantity of cheap suits are made from these yarns, of which there arc several varieties, known as mungo, shoddy, extract wool, etc. The various wool wastes which are obtained from rags and waste containing wool, cotton or other fibres are so treated that the vegetable fibres are destroyed by chemical means. The animal fibres remaining are respun into yarns. The term is wrongly applied because the fibre is actually wool, although recovered (see also under Mungo, Shoddy, Extract Wool). The term is also given to a rayon fibre manufactured in Italy and sold as "Snia-fil". The Wool Textile Delegation should give a definite ruling on materials such as this which have no wool in their make-up (see Wool Substitutes) -
6 Viscose Staple Fibre
This is produced in exactly the same way as continuous filament viscose up to the point of spinning. Instead of making a separate thread at each spinneret, the filaments from all spinnerets on a frame are drawn together into a rope which runs into a cutter which chops the filaments into a definite staple length varying from 17/16 -in. for mixing with cotton or spinning on cotton machinery, up to 2-in. to 8-in. for mixing with wool or for spinning on wool machinery. Viscose staple fibre is also produced in various filament deniers such as 1.5 denier equivalent to cotton fibre thickness, or 3 and 4.5 filament denier equivalent to wool qualities.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Viscose Staple Fibre
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7 Slipe Wool
The wool obtained from the skins of slaughtered sheep by treatment with lime. Through contact with the lime, which penetrates the fibre, wool treated by this means is harsh in handle and grey and dull in colour, while the operation of washing is made much more difficult and expensive. Lime is only sparingly soluble in water, it loosens the fibre quite well, but it also dissolves substance and leaves the wool drier and less elastic. The lime also combines with the internal yolk, forming a lime soap which is exceedingly difficult to get rid of. Besides this the " slipe " usually contains free lime in the form of small pellets embedded in the staple. Some wools are put on the market containing 8 per cent of free lime, while the combined lime may amount to 2 per cent of the weight of the wool, depending on the strength of the solution and the duration of the immersion. Every pound of free lime destroys 15-lb. of soap. "Slipe" wool is largely employed in crossbred top-making for serges and hosiery of medium-class types. Low qualities are also employed in the manufacture of cheap hosiery, carpets, woollen suitings, blankets, flannels, and rugs. -
8 Lana Fibre
A fibre yielded by the Lana tree of Porto Rica. It looks like wool or fur and is known as vegetable wool. It is obtained from the seed pods which contain a large amount of fibre and small seeds. The colour varies from light to darker brown. The fibres are soft and silky and are used for filling pillows, cushions, etc. (see Bombax Cotton) -
9 Cosmos Fibre
Sometimes called a wool substitute, but contains no wool at all, being manufactured on the Continent from waste fibre obtained from flax, hemp and jute rags. -
10 Rhea Fibre
RAMIE, or RHEA FIBREA very strong and durable fibre. It is grown in China, Japan, Java, India, etc. Ramie fibre is very white, has a high lustre, and can be separated into filaments as fine as silk. The ramie plant belongs to the family of Urtica (nettle) and to the sub-division Boehmeria. It contains about 25 per cent of gum and when degummed is much stronger than hemp or cotton. It can be spun with less twist than other fibres of similar length of staple. It resists damp, and when mixed with wool imparts non-shrinking properties to the resulting yarn. The fibre lengths vary from 4-in. to 72-in. It is much used for gas mantles. Ramie counts are usually in the worsted system (see China Grass). The two best fibre-yielding species are" Boehmeria tenacissima, often called the green-leaved ramie, as its leaves are entirely green; and Boehmeria nivea, often called the white-leaved ramie, as the undersides of its leaves are silvery white. The nivea species is very largely grown in China, and to a lesser degree in India and Formosa, and the tenacissima in Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Malacca, Mexico, and other tropical countries. -
11 Oiling Wool
During the scouring of raw wool the natural " suint " is removed and if the wool were passed on to the carding machines in this dry condition, much waste of fibre would occur, so oil is applied to the wool to restore it to a condition in which it can be treated on the card and on other machines without damage to the wool. -
12 Viscose Staple Fibre In Colours
During the year 1938 supplies became available of viscose staple fibre in colours. For the wool trade there are three colours in 4.5 filament denier and staple length of 2-in. for woollen spinning, and 4-in. to 6-in. for worsted spinning. For cotton spinning five colours are available in 1.5 filament denier and 17/16-in. staple. These colours have the highest degree of fastness and have only a small surcharge for the colour. The producers state that this coloured staple fibre processes with equal facility with normal undyed staple fibre in the same range of counts, so that the difficulties normally met with in the processing of dyed fibres do not apply to these productions.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Viscose Staple Fibre In Colours
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13 Punta Arenas Wool
Tierra del Fuego is a fine wool country, and its wools are more commonly known as Punta Arenas. Although some merino is produced, by far the greater amount is fine crossbred with the 56's quality predominating. Punta wools have a character of their own, due to the crosses used, but largely influenced by climatic conditions and pasturage. Much of the wool is heavy in shrinkage due to the loose soil being blown furiously by high winds. The colour is often beautifully white, probably due to the heavy earthy matter in suspension preventing the natural grease from tingeing the wool before scouring is„ effected. The wools are very spongy and blobby, and although occasionally un-uniform in fibre diameter, have a value of their own where apparent substance is accompanied by lightness in weight. The wools are chiefly used in the United Kingdom. -
14 Marine Fibre
Poseidonia Australia, obtained from the bottom of Spencer's Gulf in South Australia. The fibre is not very strong and is brittle when dry. It is believed to be New Zealand flax submerged and rotted in salt water. It has good affinity for basic dye-stuffs, but acid, salt and sulphur dyes produce poor results. This fibre is a recent discovery and has been experimented with as a wool substitute for cheap clothing and rugs, but no satisfactory results have been obtained as yet. -
15 Peat Fibre
Fibres have been obtained from peat since 1890 when G. H. Berand, London, patented a process for the manufacture of " Berandine," a fluffy, fibrous mass of peat. Later several other methods were patented in Austria and Germany for producing fibre by decortication. Jegeaus of Goteborg, Sweden, made a study of such processes and the fibres produced were used to a limited extent for hygienic clothes, floor covers, stuffing, etc. The strength of the fibre is claimed to be much greater than that of wool, and as it is a bad conductor of heat some experts believe it to be well suited for clothes (see Petanella) -
16 Staple Rayon Fibre
Formerly this only referred to waste resulting from the processing of long filament rayon. Rayon staple fibre is now specially manufactured on a large scale similar to that for the making of long filament rayon up to the process of spinning, after which it is cut into staple lengths suitable for spinning either on cotton, woollen or worsted spinning machinery. Rayon staple fibre is produced in bright and dull qualities, and in various denier sizes. Usual sizes in commercial use in this country are 1.25 denier and 1.5 denier filament thickness and 17/8-in. and 17/16 -in. staple for spinning on cotton machinery or mixing with cotton; 3, 4.5 and 8 denier filaments of 3-in., 4-in., 6-in., and 8-in. staple for blending with wool.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Staple Rayon Fibre
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17 Defective Wool
Denotes that something will show disadvantageously after the wool is scoured. Fire, water, vegetable matter or moths may cause defective wools, California burry wool is quoted as defective. Badly grown wools, which contain hemp, hair, stains, or tender fibre are defective. -
18 Hampshire Down Wool
A wool somewhat similar to South Down, but has greater length and is perhaps of coarser staple. An average weight of fleece is about 51/2-lb. The wool spins to about 50's to 56's. It is of good quality, and the fibre is one of the finest of English wools, while the sheep are the largest of Down sheep.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Hampshire Down Wool
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19 Noily Wool
A term used in Yorkshire to indicate wool containing a quantity of noil or short fibre. This type of wool is of a low quality. -
20 Dha Fibre
Native hemp from Senegal. It is used for "artificial" wool, after treating it with nitric acid and a solution of sodium peroxide, which render the fibre transparent and crinkled.
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