without+owner

SUBJECT AREA: Recording

[br]

[br]

[br]

He graduated from the Dover Academy (Delaware) in 1882 and was apprenticed in a machine-repair firm in Philadelphia and studied in evening classes at the Spring Garden Institute. In 1888 he took employment in a small Philadelphia machine shop owned by Andrew Scull, specializing in repair and bookbinding machinery. After travels in the western part of the US, in 1891 he became a partner in Scull \& Johnson, Manufacturing Machinists, and established a further company, the New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine Company. He bought out Andrew Scull's interest in October 1894 (the last instalment being paid in 1897) and became an independent general machinist. In 1896 he had perfected a spring motor for the Berliner flat-disc gramophone, and he started experimenting with a more direct method of recording in a spiral groove: that of cutting in wax. Co-operation with Berliner eventually led to the incorporation of the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901. The innumerable court cases stemming from the fact that so many patents for various elements in sound recording and reproduction were in very many hands were brought to an end in 1903 when Johnson was material in establishing cross-licencing agreements between Victor, Columbia Graphophone and Edison to create what is known as a patent pool. Early on, Johnson had a thorough experience in all matters concerning the development and manufacture of both gramophones and records. He made and patented many major contributions in all these fields, and his approach was very business-like in that the contribution to cost of each part or process was always a decisive factor in his designs. This attitude was material in his consulting work for the sister company, the Gramophone Company, in London before it set up its own factories in 1910. He had quickly learned the advantages of advertising and of providing customers with durable equipment and records. This motivation was so strong that Johnson set up a research programme for determining the cause of wear in records. It turned out to depend on groove profile, and from 1911 one particular profile was adhered to and processes for transforming the grooves of valuable earlier records were developed. Without precise measuring instruments, he used the durability as the determining factor. Johnson withdrew more and more to the role of manager, and the Victor Talking Machine Company gained such a position in the market that the US anti-trust legislation was used against it. However, a generation change in the Board of Directors and certain erroneous decisions as to product line started a decline, and in February 1926 Johnson withdrew on extended sick leave: these changes led to the eventual sale of Victor. However, Victor survived due to the advent of radio and the electrification of replay equipment and became a part of Radio Corporation of America. In retirement Johnson took up various activities in the arts and sciences and financially supported several projects; his private yacht was used in 1933 in work with the Smithsonian Institution on a deep-sea hydrographie and fauna-collecting expedition near Puerto Rico.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology

[br]

[br]

[br]

Bored by school at Sunnyvale, the young Wozniak became interested in computers and at the age of only 13 years he constructed a transistorized calculator that won a prize at the Bay Area Science Fair. After high school, he went to the University of Colorado, but he left the following year to study at the De Anza College in Cupertino, California, finally dropping out of formal education altogether and working as a programmer for a small computer company. In 1971 he made another attempt at studying for a degree in engineering, this time at the University of California at Berkeley, but he again dropped out and went to work for Hewlett-Packard, where he met 16-year-old Steve Jobs. Joining the Homebrew Computer Club, and with Jobs's help, he built a home computer based on the MOS Technology 8-bit, 6502 microprocessor chip. With 4 K of random access memory (RAM) and the first BASIC interpreter written by Wozniak himself, he demonstrated the computer to Hewlett-Packard management, but they showed little interest in taking it up. With Jobs he therefore founded Apple Company, and with assembly in Jobs's home they found an interested buyer in the shape of Paul Terrill, owner of the newly established Byte Shop chain store, who ordered 100 boards at US$500 each. As a result, with the support of a backer, Mike Markkula, Wozniak in 1976 designed a second computer, the Apple II, which had 16 K of RAM and was offered for sale (without a monitor) at $1195. This was an immediate success and sales rose from $775,000 in 1977 to $335 million in 1981 and $983 million in 1983. In the meantime, however, Wozniak was seriously injured in a plane crash in 1980. He recovered slowly from his injuries and in 1982 returned to college to complete his degree course, after which he spent much of his time with his family. Eventually he became increasingly unhappy with the chaotic management at Apple, and he left the company in 1985, subsequently forming his own computer company, Cloud 9.

[br]

 

автономный пуск электростанции
(без электропитания от постороннего источника)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• black start

 

запуск из полностью обесточенного состояния
—
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

EN

black start
A point on the system, such as a transmission line, through which all electricity must pass to get to its intended buyers. If there is limited capacity at this point, some priorities must be developed to decide whose power gets through. It also must be decided if the owner of the bottleneck may, or must, build additional facilities to relieve the constraint.
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• black start

 

пуск (электростанции) из полностью обесточенного состояния
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• black start

 

пуск агрегатов после полного погашения электростанции
—
[В.А.Семенов. Англо-русский словарь по релейной защите]

Тематики

• релейная защита

EN

• black start

 

пуск электростанции из полностью обесточенного состояния
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• black start

 

холодный старт ИБП
Способность ИБП включаться и обеспечивать питанием критичную нагрузку при отсутствии входного напряжения в питающей сети, получая электроэнергию от аккумуляторной батареи.
[ http://www.radistr.ru/misc/document423.phtml]

EN

black start
cold start
The ability to turn a UPS on from batteries, without mains.
[ http://www.upsonnet.com/UPS-Glossary/]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Battery-start function when utility power is not present.
[Delta Electronics]

Способность ИБП включаться и обеспечивать питанием нагрузку при отсутствии напряжения питающей сети, получая электроэнергию от батареи.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики

• источники и системы электропитания

Синонимы

• холодный старт ИБП

EN

• battery-start
• battery-start function
• black start
• cold start

 

параллельный импорт
Параллельный импорт, известный также как «теневая продукция», представляет собой импорт подлинных (т.е. не являющихся подделкой) товаров, выпускаемых на рынок одной страны с последующим их импортов во вторую страну без согласия владельца прав интеллектуальной собственности на данный продукт во второй стране
[Упрощение процедур торговли: англо-русский глоссарий терминов (пересмотренное второе издание) НЬЮ-ЙОРК, ЖЕНЕВА, МОСКВА 2011 год]

EN

parallel import
A parallel import, also known as a grey product, refers to a genuine (i.e. noncounterfeit) product placed on the market in one country, which is subsequently imported into a second country without the permission of the owner of the intellectual property rights which attach to the product in the second country
[Trade Facilitation Terms: An English - Russian Glossary (revised second edition) NEW YORK, GENEVA, MOSCOW 2641]

Тематики

• торговля

EN

• parallel import