-
1 WHOLLY
aqua (fully, completely, altogether) –WJ:392 -
2 ALTOGETHER
aqua (fully, completely, wholly) –WJ:392 -
3 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13 -
4 COMPLETELY
aqua (fully, altogether, wholly) –WJ:392 -
5 FULL
quanta (+ genitive to express "full of", as in quanta Eruanno "full of grace", VT43:28); FULL TO THE BRIM, WITH MOUTH FULL penquanta ("peñ-). Adverb FULLY aqua (completely, altogether, wholly); FULL WRITING (= writing with separate symbols for vowels) quanta sarmë, FULL STOP (in Tengwar punctuation a dot placed under a consonant to indicate that it is not followed by a vowel, VT46:10, 33) pusta (stop), FULL SIGN \#quanta tengwë (only pl. quantë tengwi is attested). In early Elvish analysis of Quenya, this was the term for a consonant + a vowel (this was analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes; hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi: ma + ta). –KWAT/VT43:28, VT39:11, WJ:392, VT39:8, PUS -
6 GREEN
laica (so in Letters:282; earlier sources have laiqua, whereas laica meant something wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in earlier material: LT2:337), wenya (yellow-green, fresh), ezel, ezella (adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin Quenya)."Green" is expressed as a mere prefix lai- (representing the root underlying the adjective laica) in: GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi; cf. also VERDIGRIS = lairus. GREENNESS wén, laiquassë (freshness, youth). –LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399, GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267 -
7 LEAVE
(vb) auta- (go away, pass), pa.t. oantë, oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]") or vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" – less "physical" than oantë, meaning "disappeared" rather than "went away"), perf. avánië (pl avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. For "leave", Etym also has lesta, pa.t. lendë; this is also the past tense of "go". The stem from which lesta- is derived was "replaced" by another. Lesta has a wholly different meaning in later writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE. LEAVE OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon, forsake) –WJ:366, ELED (noun) – with leave of: lenémë (+ genitive) -
8 PHANTOM
fairë ("phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" – pl. fairi is attested. Note: fairë has other shades of meaning as well as wholly different meanings – see SPIRIT, DEATH, RADIANCE, FREEDOM) –MC:223, 221 -
9 SILVER
telpë, telep- (tyelpë, tyelep- was the original form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but "the form telpe became usual, through the influence of Telerin; for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is stated that "the form tyelpë remained in Quenya" and was not wholly displaced by telpë. LT1:268 has telpë = telempë.) Cf. also ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver), †silmë (also meaning light of Silpion, starlight). SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF SILVER telepsa, telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT istel, istil ("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight, probably a Q[uenya] form learned from Melian"). SILVER GLINT nillë (a star on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor. Spelt ñillë, i.e., ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng had become n in Third Age pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter noldo, not númen, should be used to transcribe the initial n.) –Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388 -
10 TWO
atta. When constructed with a noun, atta follows and the noun is wholly uninflected: elen atta “two stars”. Case endings (the simplest, normally “singular” ones) are added to the numeral: genitive elen atto “of two stars”. –AT(AT)/Letters:427, VT48:6, VT49:44-45
См. также в других словарях:
Wholly — Whol ly, adv. 1. In a whole or complete manner; entirely; completely; perfectly. [1913 Webster] Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. To the exclusion of other things; totally; fully. [1913 Webster] They employed… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
wholly — I adverb altogether, as a whole, collectively, completely, entirely, fully, in all respects, in the aggregate, in the main, in the mass, in toto, outright, roundly, throughout, totally, utterly associated concepts: wholly dependant, wholly liable … Law dictionary
wholly — [adv1] completely, entirely all, all in all*, all the way*, altogether, comprehensively, from A to Z*, fully, heart and soul*, in every respect*, in toto, one hundred percent*, outright, perfectly, quite, roundly, thoroughly, top to bottom*,… … New thesaurus
wholly — c.1300, probably from O.E. *hallice; see WHOLE (Cf. whole) + LY (Cf. ly) (2) … Etymology dictionary
wholly — meaning ‘entirely, completely’, is spelt this way, not wholely … Modern English usage
wholly — ► ADVERB ▪ entirely; fully … English terms dictionary
wholly — [hōl′lē, hō′lē] adv. [ME holi: see WHOLE & Y2] to the whole amount or extent; totally; entirely … English World dictionary
wholly — Not partially. In a whole or complete manner; entirely; completely; perfectly. Exclusively; to the exclusion of other things. Equally. Totally; fully. Chicago & Calumet Dist. Transit Co. v. Mueller, 213 Ind. 530, 12 N.E.2d 247, 249 @ wholly and… … Black's law dictionary
wholly — [[t]ho͟ʊlli[/t]] ADV: ADV adj, ADV with cl/group (emphasis) You use wholly to emphasize the extent or degree to which something is the case. While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong to wholly different generations... For urban … English dictionary
wholly — whol|ly [ houli ] adverb FORMAL ** completely: Many people are wholly dependent on Social Security. The government is not wholly to blame for the current crisis. She didn t wholly trust him … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
wholly */*/ — UK [ˈhəʊllɪ] / US [ˈhoʊlɪ] adverb formal completely Many people are wholly dependent on the state pension. The government is not wholly to blame for the current crisis. She didn t wholly trust him … English dictionary
