-
1 Whitney Museum of American Art
Museums: WMAAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Whitney Museum of American Art
-
2 Breuer, Marcel Lajos
[br]b. 22 May 1902 Pécs, Hungaryd. 1 July 1981 New York (?), USA[br]Hungarian member of the European Bauhaus generation in the 1920s, who went on to become a leader in the modern school of architectural and furniture design in Europe and the United States.[br]Breuer began his student days following an art course in Vienna, but joined the Bauhaus at Weimar, where he later graduated, in 1920. When Gropius re-established the school in purpose-built structures at Dessau, Breuer became a member of the teaching staff in charge of the carpentry and furniture workshops. Much of his time there was spent in design and research into new materials being applied to furniture and interior decoration. The essence of his contribution was to relate the design of furniture to industrial production; in this field he developed the tubular-steel structure, especially in chair design, and experimented with aluminium as a furniture material as well as pieces of furniture made up from modular units. His furniture style was characterized by an elegance of line and a careful avoidance of superfluous detail. By 1926 he had furnished the Bauhaus with such furniture in chromium-plated steel, and two years later had developed a cantilevered chair.Breuer left the Bauhaus in 1928 and set up an architectural practice in Berlin. In the early 1930s he also spent some time in Switzerland. Notable from these years was his Harnischmacher Haus in Wiesbaden and his apartment buildings in the Dolderthal area of Zurich. His architectural work was at first influenced by constructivism, and then by that of Le Corbusier (see Charles-Edouard Jeanneret). In 1935 he moved to England, where in partnership with F.R.S. Yorke he built some houses and continued to practise furniture design. The Isokon Furniture Co. commissioned him to develop ideas that took advantage of the new bending and moulding processes in laminated wood, one result being his much-copied reclining chair.In 1937, like so many of the European architectural refugees from Nazism, he found himself under-occupied due to the reluctance of English clients to embrace the modern architectural movement. He went to the United States at Gropius's invitation to join him as a professor at Harvard. Breuer and Gropius were influential in training a new generation of American architects, and in particular they built a number of houses. This partnership ended in 1941 and Breuer set up practice in New York. His style of work from this time on was still modern, but became more varied. In housing, he adapted his style to American needs and used local materials in a functional manner. In the Whitney Museum (1966) he worked in a sculptural, granite-clad style. Often he utilized a bold reinforced-concrete form, as in his collaboration with Pier Luigi Nervi and Bernard Zehrfuss in the Paris UNESCO Building (1953–8) and the US Embassy in the Hague (1954–8). He displayed his masterly handling of poured concrete used in a strikingly expressionistic, sculptural manner in his St John's Abbey (1953–61) in Collegeville, Minnesota, and in 1973 his Church of St Francis de Sale in Michigan won him the top award of the American Institute of Architects.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Institute of Architects Medal of Honour 1964, Gold Medal 1968. Jefferson Foundation Medal 1968.Bibliography1955, Sun and Shadow, the Philosophy of an Architect, New York: Dodd Read (autobiography).Further ReadingC.Jones (ed.), 1963, Marcel Breuer: Buildings and Projects 1921–1961, New York: Praeger.T.Papachristou (ed.), 1970, Marcel Breuer: New Buildings and Projects 1960–1970, New York: Praeger.DY
См. также в других словарях:
Whitney museum of american art — Whitney Museum of American Art Informations géographiques … Wikipédia en Français
Whitney Museum of American Art — Informations géographiques Pays … Wikipédia en Français
Whitney Museum of American Art — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Museo Whitney en Nueva York, Estados Unidos. El Whitney Museum of American Art (Museo Whitney de Arte Estadounidense, en español) es un museo especializado en el arte estadounidense del siglo XX. Ubicado en el numero … Wikipedia Español
Whitney Museum of American Art — [ wɪtni mjuː zɪəm ɔv ə merɪkən ɑːt], New York, 1930 von der New Yorker Künstlerin und Sammlerin Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (* 1877 ?, ✝ 1942) gegründete Sammlung; umfasst Werke moderner amerikanischer Kunst sowie Abteilungen für Film und… … Universal-Lexikon
Whitney Museum of American Art — The Whitney Museum of American Art, often referred to simply as the Whitney , harbors one of the most important collections of 20th century American art. Located in New York City, New York USA, the Whitney s permanent collection contains more… … Wikipedia
Whitney Museum of American Art — Das Whitney Museum of American Art Das Whitney Museum of American Art im New Yorker Stadtbezirk Manhattan beherbergt eine der wichtigsten Sammlungen amerikanischer Kunst des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney gründete das… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Whitney Museum of American Art — a museum in New York which contains art from the beginning of the 20th century. The original museum was opened by the American artist and art collector Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (1875–1942) in 1931 and moved to its present building on Madison… … Universalium
(the) Whitney Museum of American Art — the Whitney Museum of American Art [the Whitney Museum of American Art] a museum in ↑New York which contains art from the beginning of the 20th century. The original museum was opened by the American artist and art collector Gertrude Vanderbilt… … Useful english dictionary
Whitney Museum of American Art — Музей американского искусства Уитни (в Нью Йорке). Музей американского искусства XX в. Необычно само здание музея. Архитектор (Брейер) трактует здание как перевернутую пирамиду. Прямоугольные объемы этажей увеличиваются по высоте снизу вверх и… … Словарь топонимов США
Whitney Museum — of American Art Whitney Museum of American Art Whitney Museum of American Art Informations géographiques … Wikipédia en Français
New Britain Museum of American Art — Chase Family Building, New Britain Museum of American Art The New Britain Museum of American Art is an art museum in New Britain, Connecticut. Founded in 1903, it is the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.[1] A total of 72,000… … Wikipedia
