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41 Sullivan, Louis Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 3 September 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, USAd. 14 April 1924 Chicago, Illinois, USA[br]American architect whose work came to be known as the "Chicago School of Architecture" and who created a new style of architecture suited specifically to steel-frame, high-rise structures.[br]Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.[br]BibliographyArticle by Louis H.Sullivan. Address delivered to architectural students June 1899, published in Canadian Architecture Vol. 18(7):52–3.Further ReadingHugh Morrison, 1962, Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture.Willard Connely, 1961, Louis Sullivan as He Lived, New York: Horizon Press.DY -
42 AIN
1) Медицина: (acute interstitial nephritis) острый интерстициальный нефрит, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (анальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия)2) Военный термин: Advanced Intelligence Network, Army interoperability network, approved item name, assembly identification number3) Сельское хозяйство: American Identification Numbering4) Сокращение: American Institute of Nutrition, Army Interoperability Network (program), Asean Information Network, agent identification number5) Университет: Admission Index Number6) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Network (Bell Atlantic), Auto Insert Notification (CD-R), Advanced Intelligent Network (IN)7) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Intelligent Network, развитая интеллектуальная сеть8) Расширение файла: Archive format (AIN archiver), Compressed file archive (Ain), Advanced Intelligent Network (Bell Atlantic)9) NYSE. Albany International Corporation10) Аэропорты: Wainwright, Alaska USA -
43 FTW
1) Компьютерная техника: File Tree Walk2) Американизм: For The Week3) Спорт: For The Win4) Военный термин: Feel The Wrath, flying training wing5) Техника: Federation of Telephone Workers, forward traveling wave6) Страхование: Free trade wharf7) Грубое выражение: Fuck The World8) Химическое оружие: Fort Wainwright [AK]9) Аэропорты: Meacham Field, Ft. Worth, Texas USA -
44 WAIN
1) Сокращение: Wide-Area Integrated Network2) НАСДАК: Wainwright Bank & Trust Company3) Библиотечное дело: Western Australian Information Network -
45 ain
1) Медицина: (acute interstitial nephritis) острый интерстициальный нефрит, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (анальная интраэпителиальная неоплазия)2) Военный термин: Advanced Intelligence Network, Army interoperability network, approved item name, assembly identification number3) Сельское хозяйство: American Identification Numbering4) Сокращение: American Institute of Nutrition, Army Interoperability Network (program), Asean Information Network, agent identification number5) Университет: Admission Index Number6) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Network (Bell Atlantic), Auto Insert Notification (CD-R), Advanced Intelligent Network (IN)7) Сетевые технологии: Advanced Intelligent Network, развитая интеллектуальная сеть8) Расширение файла: Archive format (AIN archiver), Compressed file archive (Ain), Advanced Intelligent Network (Bell Atlantic)9) NYSE. Albany International Corporation10) Аэропорты: Wainwright, Alaska USA -
46 ftw
1) Компьютерная техника: File Tree Walk2) Американизм: For The Week3) Спорт: For The Win4) Военный термин: Feel The Wrath, flying training wing5) Техника: Federation of Telephone Workers, forward traveling wave6) Страхование: Free trade wharf7) Грубое выражение: Fuck The World8) Химическое оружие: Fort Wainwright [AK]9) Аэропорты: Meacham Field, Ft. Worth, Texas USA -
47 wain
1) Сокращение: Wide-Area Integrated Network2) НАСДАК: Wainwright Bank & Trust Company3) Библиотечное дело: Western Australian Information Network -
48 каретник
General subject: cart wright, cartwright, waggonwright, wainwright -
49 тележник
General subject: wainwright -
50 тележный мастер
General subject: wainwright -
51 форт Вэйнрайт [шт. Аляска]
Chemical weapons: fort wainwright [AK]Универсальный русско-английский словарь > форт Вэйнрайт [шт. Аляска]
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52 easily
Частица easily развилась из наречия со значением 'легко' ( It can be easily done). В современном языке эта частица является усилительной, однако, ее употребление в качестве таковой не является однородным, вполне четко выделяются две разновидности. Во-первых, easily используется для усиления значения предположения при модальных глаголах may, might, could. В этом случае она обычно переводится русским вполне (хотя в современном разговорном русском языке в этой функции возможно употребление слова легко, кстати, также частицы, развившейся из наречия):
•... my lodgings might easily have been one of those scruffy little houses by the station... (JB: 9)
... мое жилье вполне могло бы оказаться одним из тех убогих домишек у станции...
Во втором случае анализируемая частица относится ко всему предложению и указывает на отсутствие сомнений говорящего в истинности сказанного. Возможные эквиваленты easily в этом случае - русские слова явно, определенно, несомненно, очевидно:
•... it is only eleven a.m., but already it is easily the most eventful day of Rodney Wainwright's life... (DL: 307)
... ещё только одиннадцать часов утра, но день, определенно, уже стал самым богатым на события днем в жизни Родни Вейнрайта...
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53 Wagner
der Wagnerwainwright* * *Wag|ner ['vaːgnɐ]1. m -s, -,Wág|ne|rin[-ərɪn]2. f -, -nen (dial)coach-builder* * *Wag·ner<-s, ->[ˈva:gnɐ] -
54 carretero1
1 = cartwright, waggonwright [wagonwright, -USA], wainwright.Nota: Fabricante de carretas.Ex. Elm is especially in demand by cartwrights and coachbuilders.Ex. And then in April of the same year strikes broke out among waggonwrights and bricklayers in Liverpool.Ex. Large quantities of oak was also used by wheelwrights as spokes for wheels and by wainwrights in the frames for cart and coach bodies. -
55 carretero
adj.road, of the road.m.cart driver, truckman, carman, cartman.* * *1 (conductor) carter, cart driver2 (constructor) cartwright\fumar como un carretero familiar to smoke like a chimneyhablar como un carretero / jurar como un carretero familiar to swear like a trooper* * *1.ADJ2. SM1) (=transportista) cartwright, wheelwright2) LAm road* * *- ra masculino, femenino cart driverfumar como un carretero — (fam) to smoke like a chimney
* * *- ra masculino, femenino cart driverfumar como un carretero — (fam) to smoke like a chimney
* * *carretero11 = cartwright, waggonwright [wagonwright, -USA], wainwright.Nota: Fabricante de carretas.Ex: Elm is especially in demand by cartwrights and coachbuilders.
Ex: And then in April of the same year strikes broke out among waggonwrights and bricklayers in Liverpool.Ex: Large quantities of oak was also used by wheelwrights as spokes for wheels and by wainwrights in the frames for cart and coach bodies.carretero22 = cart driver, drayman, waggoner [wagoner, -USA].Ex: The cart drivers would sometimes load three to four tonnes of goods for two bullocks to pull.
Ex: I've since learned that the hat is from around the 1920's and would probably have been worn by a drayman delivering beer from a wagon.Ex: We know that the majority of the village cottages inhabited by waggoners, husbandmen and the poorer yeoman would have had just two rooms.* fumar como un carretero = smoke like + a chimney.* jurar como un carretero = swear like + a trooper.* * *es muy carretero he's a real party animal, he's really into the action ( colloq)masculine, feminineA (conductor) cart driverfumar como un carretero ( fam); to smoke like a chimney* * *carretero, -a♦ adjAm road;un accidente carretero a road accident;tráfico carretero road traffic♦ nm,fwheelwright;fumar como un carretero to smoke like a chimney;jurar como un carretero to swear like a trooper* * *I m:fumar como un carretero fig fam smoke like a chimney fam ;jurar oblasfemar como un carretero swear like a trooperII adj road atr ; road-traffic atr* * *carretero, -ra adj: highwayel sistema carretero nacional: the national highway system -
56 vagon tamircisi
1. wagonwright 2. wainwright -
57 Adler, Dankmar
(1844-1900) Адлер, ДанкмарАрхитектор и инженер. Вместе с Л. Салливаном [ Sullivan, Louis Henry] создатель ряда зданий в Чикаго и других городах: известного своей акустикой Центрального концертного зала [Central Music Hall], театра "Аудиториум" [Auditorium Theater], павильона транспорта [Transportation Building] на Всемирной Колумбовой выставке [ World's Columbian Exposition] 1893, здания Гейджа [Gage Building] в Чикаго; первого в мире небоскреба [ skyscraper] "Уэйнрайт билдинг" [Wainwright Building] в Сент-Луисе (1890) и других. Пионер применения стальных несущих конструкций высотного зданияEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Adler, Dankmar
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58 Sullivan, Louis Henry
(1856-1924) Салливан, Луис ГенриАрхитектор. В 1881 принял участие в создании театра "Аудиториум" [Auditorium Theater] в Чикаго. В этот период одним из его учеников был Фрэнк Л. Райт [ Wright, Frank Lloyd]. В 1890 создал здание Уэйнрайт-билдинг [Wainwright Building] в Сент-Луисе, фактически первый небоскреб [ skyscraper], и ряд других зданий. Основатель Чикагской школы в архитектуре, провозгласил принцип "форма вытекает из функции" [form follows function]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Sullivan, Louis Henry
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59 entablado
• boarding• planking• Wailing Wall• wainscot• wainscotting• wainwright -
60 revestimiento de madera
• wailing• Wailing Wall• wainscot• wainscoting• wainscotting• wainwright• wood coatingDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > revestimiento de madera
См. также в других словарях:
Wainwright — ist die Bezeichnung mehrerer Personen und Orte: Personen Alfred Wainwright (1907–1991), britischer Autor nach diesem benannt: Bergklassifikation im Lake District George L. Wainwright, Jr. (* 1943), US amerikanischer Jurist Jonathan Wainwright… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Wainwright — is a surname, and it may also refer to:In places: *Canada ** Wainwright, Alberta *United States ** Wainwright, Alabama ** Wainwright, Alaska ** Wainwright, Missouri ** Wainwright, Jackson County, Ohio ** Wainwright, Tuscarawas County, Ohio **… … Wikipedia
Wainwright — Wainwright, AK U.S. city in Alaska Population (2000): 546 Housing Units (2000): 179 Land area (2000): 17.563013 sq. miles (45.487993 sq. km) Water area (2000): 24.888839 sq. miles (64.461795 sq. km) Total area (2000): 42.451852 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Wainwright, AK — U.S. city in Alaska Population (2000): 546 Housing Units (2000): 179 Land area (2000): 17.563013 sq. miles (45.487993 sq. km) Water area (2000): 24.888839 sq. miles (64.461795 sq. km) Total area (2000): 42.451852 sq. miles (109.949788 sq. km)… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Wainwright, OK — U.S. town in Oklahoma Population (2000): 197 Housing Units (2000): 67 Land area (2000): 0.292617 sq. miles (0.757875 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.292617 sq. miles (0.757875 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Wainwright — Wain wright , n. Same as {Wagonwright}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Wainwright — (spr. Wehnreit), Jonathan Mayhew, geb. 1792 zu Liverpool in England von amerikanischen Eltern; besuchte das Harvard College zu Cambridge im Staate Massachusetts, war von 1815–17 Lehrer der Beredsamkeit an demselben; studirte dann Theologie, wurde … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
wainwright — (n.) wagon builder, O.E. wægn wyrhta; see WAIN (Cf. wain) + WRIGHT (Cf. wright) … Etymology dictionary
wainwright — ► NOUN historical ▪ a wagon builder … English terms dictionary
wainwright — [wān′rīt΄] n. [ WAIN + WRIGHT] a person who builds or repairs wagons … English World dictionary
Wainwright — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Wainwright peut faire référence à : Toponymie : au Canada : Wainwright une localité en Alberta, aux États Unis : Wainwright, une… … Wikipédia en Français