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121 track
1. n1) слідto be on the track of — а) натрапити на слід; б) переслідувати
to lose track of — а) загубити слід; б) втратити нитку (розмови тощо)
to be in the track of smb. — іти по стопах когось, наслідувати чийсь приклад
2) військ. траса3) зал. коліяsingle (double) track — одноколійна (двоколійна) залізниця
4) відбиток, ознака, слід5) слід, по якому йде собака6) курс, шлях7) ав. маршрут польоту (на карті)8) життєвий шлях, спосіб життяto go off the track — а) бути на хибному шляху; б) зал. зійти з рейок
9) польова дорога; стежкаthe beaten track — а) битий шлях; б) перен. уторований шлях; рутина
11) хід, перебіг; розвиток12) вистежування, переслідування (злочинця тощо)13) зал. ширина колії14) фонограма; звукова доріжка15) тех. гусениця (трактора, танка)16) тех. напрямний пристрій17) спорт. бігова доріжка; лижня; трек18) спорт. легка атлетикаtrack border — спорт. бровка бігової доріжки
track centres — авт. ширина ходу
track change — спорт. зміна доріжок
track gauge — ширина колії; колійний шаблон
in one's tracks — на місці; негайно, відразу
to make tracks — накивати п'ятами, ушитися, утекти
to jump the track — амер. опинитися на хибному шляху
2. v1) стежити; простежувати; вистежувати (звич. track out, track down, track up)2) іти по слідах3) залишати сліди; наслідити, набруднити4) прокладати шлях; намічати курс5) амер., розм. пройти, подолати (відстань)6) котитися по колії (про колеса)7) мати певну відстань між колесами8) прокладати колію; укладати рейки9) тягти мотузком10) буксируватиtrack down — а) вистежити і спіймати; б) дослідити до кінця
* * *I [trʒk] n1) слідbear [deer] tracks — сліди ведмедя [оленя]
the track of a wagon [of a wheelˌ of a motor-çar] — слід воза [колеса, автомобіля]
to follow smb 's tracks — йти чиїмись слідами
to follow in smb 's tracks — слідувати /йти слідом/ за ким-н.
to throw smb off one's track — збити кого-н. зі сліду
he did it just to throw us off the track — він зробив це, щоб збити нас з пантелику
to be on the track of — переслідувати; напасти на слід
to lose track of — втратити слід [див.; тж. 7]
to put upon the track of smb — направити на чий-н. слід
to be in the track of smb — йти по стопах кого-н.; висліджування, переслідування (злочинця, утікач; місце, де хто-н. стоїть)
in one's tracks — на місці; відразу, негайно ж, негайно
to stop in one's tracks — зупинитися, завмерти
to fall /to drop/ dead in one's tracks — впасти як мертвий; війск. траса; війск. направляюча рейка фiз. трек, слід ( частинки)
2) залишок; ознака, слідto cover up smb 's tracks — покривати кого-н.
3) курс, шляхthe track of a bullet — траєкторія кулі; курс
a new track foreign affairs — новий зовнішньополітичний курс; aв. маршрут польоту ( на карті)
4) життєвий шлях; спосіб життя; кар'єраoff the track — збився з шляху, на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. є]
to go off the track — бути на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. 6, є]
on the right [on the wrong] track — на вірному [помилковому /невірному/]шляху
to put smb on the right track — направити кого-н. на правильний шлях
to wander from the track — зійти з шляху істинного, збитися зі шляху; шлях, дорога
to fly the track — aмep. зійти з протоптаного шляху (перен.)
he never leaves the beaten track — він не шукає нових шляхів; він ніколи не проявляє ініціативи
5) ( путівець) дорога; стежина, стежкаrough [steep, narrow] track — нерівна [крута, вузька]стежина
the road was only a slight track upon the grass — дорога була ледве помітною стежкою в траві; cпopт. бігова доріжка
marked [running, skating] track — розмічена [бігова, крижана]доріжка
motor-racing /car-testing/ track — автодром; лижня
double track — дві лижні [ср. тж. 6]
sound track — звукова доріжка; доріжка
reference track — контрольна доріжка; синхронізуюча доріжка
6) з.- д. колія, рейковий шляхsingle [double] track — одноколійний [двоколійний]шлях [ср. тж. 5]
to go off /to leave/ the track — зійти з рейок [ср. тж. 4, є]
to jump the track — aмep. зійти з рейок [див.; тж. є]
wait for the train to pass before you cross the tracks — перш ніж переходити через полотна, почекайте, поки пройде потяг
he had a one track mind — його думки завжди йшли /текли/ в одному напрямі; ширина колій
to follow the track of smb 's thoughts — стежити за ходом чиїхсь думок
to lose track of — втратити нитку (чого-н.) [див.; тж. 1]; to keep track of стежити за (ходом, розвитком чого-н.)
8) aмep. учбовий цикл; група студентів, сформована за здібностями або інтересам9) cпopт. легка атлетикаtrack fans — любителі легкої атлетики; змагання з легкої атлетики
10) cпeц. ланка гусеничного ланцюга, трак; гусениця11) cпeц. направляючий пристрій12) cпeц. відстань між передніми, задніми колесами ( автомобіля)13) перфорація ( на стрічці)••off the track — що відхилився від теми [див.; тж. 4]
what you say is true, but off the track — те, що ви говорите, абсолютно правильно, але річ не в тому
to go off the track — ухилятися від теми [ср. тж. 4, 6]
off the beaten track — видалений; лежачий осторонь, такий, що знаходиться в глибинці; незвичайний, оригінальний, своєрідний; що йде своїм шляхом
across the track, on the wrong side of the tracks — у бідному районі міста, в трущобах; у низах суспільства
to make tracks — дати тягу, ушитися; йти або мчати далі
to make tracks for smth — відразу ж прямувати куди-н.; направити свої стопи куди-н.; робити успіхи, просуватися, удосконалюватися в чому-н.
II [trʒk] vto jump the track — aмep. опинитися на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. 6]
1) стежити, простежувати; висліджуватиthey tracked game — вони висліджували дичину; йти по явному сліду
the first point was to track the animal to its den — насамперед потрібно було пройти слідом звіра до його барлогу; простежувати, встановлювати
to track the course of an ancient wall — встановити, де /як/ проходила стародавня стіна
to track the trajectory of shells — встановити траєкторію польоту снарядів; відстежувати; супроводжувати, вести (мета, літак)
new snow was tracked by rabbits — на свіжому снігу були сліди кроликів; залишати сліди; наслідити, набруднити ( track up)
wipe your feet or you'll track (up) the kitchen — витирайте ноги, а то ви наслідите в кухні; нанести або занести (бруд, грязюку)
3) прокладати шлях; намічати курс4) aмep. пройти, покрити (відстань)5) котитися по колії ( про колес)6) прокладати колію, укладати рейки7) ходити; бродити (track about, track around, track up)III [trʒk] v; мор.2) буксирувати -
122 track
I [trʒk] n1) слідbear [deer] tracks — сліди ведмедя [оленя]
the track of a wagon [of a wheelˌ of a motor-çar] — слід воза [колеса, автомобіля]
to follow smb 's tracks — йти чиїмись слідами
to follow in smb 's tracks — слідувати /йти слідом/ за ким-н.
to throw smb off one's track — збити кого-н. зі сліду
he did it just to throw us off the track — він зробив це, щоб збити нас з пантелику
to be on the track of — переслідувати; напасти на слід
to lose track of — втратити слід [див.; тж. 7]
to put upon the track of smb — направити на чий-н. слід
to be in the track of smb — йти по стопах кого-н.; висліджування, переслідування (злочинця, утікач; місце, де хто-н. стоїть)
in one's tracks — на місці; відразу, негайно ж, негайно
to stop in one's tracks — зупинитися, завмерти
to fall /to drop/ dead in one's tracks — впасти як мертвий; війск. траса; війск. направляюча рейка фiз. трек, слід ( частинки)
2) залишок; ознака, слідto cover up smb 's tracks — покривати кого-н.
3) курс, шляхthe track of a bullet — траєкторія кулі; курс
a new track foreign affairs — новий зовнішньополітичний курс; aв. маршрут польоту ( на карті)
4) життєвий шлях; спосіб життя; кар'єраoff the track — збився з шляху, на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. є]
to go off the track — бути на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. 6, є]
on the right [on the wrong] track — на вірному [помилковому /невірному/]шляху
to put smb on the right track — направити кого-н. на правильний шлях
to wander from the track — зійти з шляху істинного, збитися зі шляху; шлях, дорога
to fly the track — aмep. зійти з протоптаного шляху (перен.)
he never leaves the beaten track — він не шукає нових шляхів; він ніколи не проявляє ініціативи
5) ( путівець) дорога; стежина, стежкаrough [steep, narrow] track — нерівна [крута, вузька]стежина
the road was only a slight track upon the grass — дорога була ледве помітною стежкою в траві; cпopт. бігова доріжка
marked [running, skating] track — розмічена [бігова, крижана]доріжка
motor-racing /car-testing/ track — автодром; лижня
double track — дві лижні [ср. тж. 6]
sound track — звукова доріжка; доріжка
reference track — контрольна доріжка; синхронізуюча доріжка
6) з.- д. колія, рейковий шляхsingle [double] track — одноколійний [двоколійний]шлях [ср. тж. 5]
to go off /to leave/ the track — зійти з рейок [ср. тж. 4, є]
to jump the track — aмep. зійти з рейок [див.; тж. є]
wait for the train to pass before you cross the tracks — перш ніж переходити через полотна, почекайте, поки пройде потяг
he had a one track mind — його думки завжди йшли /текли/ в одному напрямі; ширина колій
to follow the track of smb 's thoughts — стежити за ходом чиїхсь думок
to lose track of — втратити нитку (чого-н.) [див.; тж. 1]; to keep track of стежити за (ходом, розвитком чого-н.)
8) aмep. учбовий цикл; група студентів, сформована за здібностями або інтересам9) cпopт. легка атлетикаtrack fans — любителі легкої атлетики; змагання з легкої атлетики
10) cпeц. ланка гусеничного ланцюга, трак; гусениця11) cпeц. направляючий пристрій12) cпeц. відстань між передніми, задніми колесами ( автомобіля)13) перфорація ( на стрічці)••off the track — що відхилився від теми [див.; тж. 4]
what you say is true, but off the track — те, що ви говорите, абсолютно правильно, але річ не в тому
to go off the track — ухилятися від теми [ср. тж. 4, 6]
off the beaten track — видалений; лежачий осторонь, такий, що знаходиться в глибинці; незвичайний, оригінальний, своєрідний; що йде своїм шляхом
across the track, on the wrong side of the tracks — у бідному районі міста, в трущобах; у низах суспільства
to make tracks — дати тягу, ушитися; йти або мчати далі
to make tracks for smth — відразу ж прямувати куди-н.; направити свої стопи куди-н.; робити успіхи, просуватися, удосконалюватися в чому-н.
II [trʒk] vto jump the track — aмep. опинитися на помилковому шляху [див.; тж. 6]
1) стежити, простежувати; висліджуватиthey tracked game — вони висліджували дичину; йти по явному сліду
the first point was to track the animal to its den — насамперед потрібно було пройти слідом звіра до його барлогу; простежувати, встановлювати
to track the course of an ancient wall — встановити, де /як/ проходила стародавня стіна
to track the trajectory of shells — встановити траєкторію польоту снарядів; відстежувати; супроводжувати, вести (мета, літак)
new snow was tracked by rabbits — на свіжому снігу були сліди кроликів; залишати сліди; наслідити, набруднити ( track up)
wipe your feet or you'll track (up) the kitchen — витирайте ноги, а то ви наслідите в кухні; нанести або занести (бруд, грязюку)
3) прокладати шлях; намічати курс4) aмep. пройти, покрити (відстань)5) котитися по колії ( про колес)6) прокладати колію, укладати рейки7) ходити; бродити (track about, track around, track up)III [trʒk] v; мор.2) буксирувати -
123 ♦ free
♦ free /fri:/A a.1 libero: free choice, libera scelta; free press, stampa libera; free enterprise, libera iniziativa; libera impresa; free spirit, spirito libero; free translation, traduzione libera; This is a free country, questo è un paese libero; Are you free this afternoon?, sei libero oggi pomeriggio?; DIALOGO → - Free time- What do you do in your free time?, cosa fai nel tempo libero?; Is this seat free?, è libero questo posto?; free to choose, libero di scegliere; to go free, andarsene libero; to set sb. free, mettere q. in libertà; liberare q.; to feel free to do st., sentirsi libero di fare qc.; sentirsi autorizzato a fare q.; Feel free to ask, chiedi pure liberamente; DIALOGO → - In a meeting- If anyone has a question then please feel free to interrupt, se qualcuno ha una domanda interrompetemi pure; DIALOGO → - Television- Feel free, fa' pure; accomodati4 gratuito; gratis; libero; omaggio: free admission, ingresso gratuito (o libero); DIALOGO → - At the museum- It's free admission on Tuesdays, il martedì l'ingresso è gratuito; free health care, cure sanitarie gratuite; DIALOGO → - Enrolment- The course is free, il corso è gratuito; free copy, copia omaggio; DIALOGO → - At the station 2- The boy goes free but the girl pays half price, il bambino entra gratis mentre la bambina paga la metà6 (dog., trasp.) franco; franco spese: free port, porto franco; free of charges, franco di ogni spesa; franco a domicilio; free of freight, franco di nolo; free delivery, consegna franco spese (o gratuita)7 – free from (o of) privo di; libero da; senza; esente: free from pain, senza dolori; free from worries, senza preoccupazioni; free from (o of) difficulty, privo di difficoltà; free from doubt, privo di dubbi; free of debt, privo di debiti; free from mortgage, libero da ipoteca; free of tax, esente dal pagamento delle imposte; esentasse8 ( nei composti) senza; privo di; esente da: fat-free, senza (o privo di) grassi; rent-free, senza canone d'affitto9 (di gesto, movimento) ampio; disinvolto; sciolto; spigliato: free step, passo disinvolto (o sciolto)10 dai modi franchi, liberi; (spreg.) troppo confidenziale: She's too free with everyone, si prende troppa confidenza con tutti; free manners, maniere troppo confidenziali; eccessiva familiarità11 – free with, generoso di; largo di; prodigo di; munifico di: free with one's advice, prodigo di consigli; free with praise, largo di lodi14 (mecc.) libero; in folle15 (chim., fis.) libero; allo stato libero: free carbon [electron], carbonio [elettrone] libero; free oxygen, ossigeno allo stato liberoB avv.3 (idiom.): to pull (o to push, etc.) free, estrarre (districare, o liberare, ecc.): I pulled the wounded man free from the wrecked car, estrassi il ferito dai rottami dell'auto; He shook himself free, si è liberato con uno scrollone; The bolt has worked itself free, il bullone si è allentato● free agent, persona indipendente; persona libera di agire; individuo padrone di sé □ (trasp.) free allowance, franchigia ( di peso) per il bagaglio □ (trasp., naut.) free alongside ship (abbr. F.A.S.), FAS partenza; franco lungo bordo □ free and easy, rilassato; accomodante; (spreg.) molto disinvolto □ (psic.) free association, libera associazione ( d'idee, ecc.) □ (trasp.) free baggage, bagaglio in franchigia □ (telef.) free call out, chiamata gratuita □ (comm.) free carrier, franco vettore □ the Free Churches, le Chiese non conformiste (d' Inghilterra) □ ( alpinismo) free climb, arrampicata libera ( singola); libera □ ( alpinismo) free climbing, arrampicata libera ( lo sport); libera □ (market., econ.) free competition, libera concorrenza □ (leg.) free consent, libero consenso □ free diving, immersione senza scafandro □ free economy, economia di mercato □ free fall, caduta libera: free-fall drop, lancio a caduta libera ( dall'aereo) □ free fight, mischia generale; ( anche) zuffa, rissa; (fig.) competizione aperta a tutti □ free-floating, ► free-floating □ ( di prodotto) free from vice, senza difetti; esente da imperfezioni □ free-form, ► free-form □ (market.) free gift, omaggio □ (pubbl.) free-gift advertising, pubblicità con l'invio di campioni gratuiti □ free gold, oro allo stato puro; (fin., USA) oro che eccede il fabbisogno della riserva legale □ (econ.) free good, bene non economico ( come l'aria) □ free hand, mano libera: to give sb. a free hand, dare mano libera a q.; to have (o to get) a free hand in st., avere (o ottenere) mano libera in qc. □ free-handed, generoso; munifico □ free-handedness, generosità; munificenza □ free-hearted, franco, spontaneo, sincero; generoso, munifico, prodigo □ ( polo) free hit, tiro libero (o di punizione) □ (GB) free house, pub non legato a una determinata fabbrica di birra □ (trasp., naut.) free in and out, franco di spese di caricazione e discarica □ (trasp., ferr.) free into wagon, franco vagone partenza □ (fin.) free issue, emissione di azioni gratuite □ ( sport) free kick, ( calcio) (calcio di) punizione; ( rugby) tiro libero □ (GB) free labour, operai non iscritti a sindacati □ (leg.) free legal aid, patrocinio gratuito; difesa d'ufficio □ free library, biblioteca con prestito gratuito □ free list, (comm. est.) lista di merci d'importazione libera; (teatr.) elenco delle entrate di favore □ free living, che fa vita libera, da gaudente; (biol.) che vive libero, non in simbiosi □ free love, libero amore □ (trasp.) free luggage, bagaglio in franchigia □ (econ.) free market, libero mercato; libero scambio, liberismo □ (econ.) free-market capitalism, capitalismo liberista □ free-market economy, economia di libero mercato □ (ass., naut.) free of ( all) average, franco d'avaria □ (trasp.) free of carriage, franco di porto □ free of charge, gratuitamente; gratis; (fisc.) esente da imposta (o da tassa); (leg.) a titolo gratuito □ (leg.) free of mortgage, libero da ipoteche □ (market.) free offer, offerta gratuita □ (trasp., naut.) free on board (abbr. F.O.B.), franco a bordo; FOB partenza □ (trasp., ferr.) free on rail (abbr. F.O.R.), franco stazione (di partenza); franco vagone □ (trasp., naut.) free on wharf, franco banchina □ (trasp., naut.) free overside, franco sotto paranco; FOB destino □ free paper, giornale locale distribuito gratuitamente □ (leg.) free pardon, condono □ free pass, lasciapassare; (ferr.) biglietto di libera circolazione □ ( a scuola) free period, ora libera; ‘buco’ (fam.) □ (chim.) free radicals, radicali liberi □ free-range chicken, pollo ruspante □ free-range eggs, uova di fattoria (o di campagna); uova di gallina allevate in libertà □ free ride, viaggio senza pagare; (fig.) uso indebitamente gratuito o agevolato □ (econ.) free rider, opportunista; (fam.) portoghese; ‘free rider’ ( chi trae beneficio da un bene pubblico senza pagarne il costo): the free-rider problem, il problema del free rider □ free-running, libero; regolare; di regime: (ferr.) free-running speed, velocità di regime □ ( Internet) free search, ricerca a testo libero □ free shop, negozio in franchigia doganale □ ( sport) free skating, pattinaggio libero □ (comput.) free space, spazio libero □ free speech, libertà di parola □ free spender, spendaccione □ free-spoken, franco; esplicito; sincero □ (stor. USA) free State, Stato antischiavista □ (econ.) free supply, offerta libera □ ( basket) free throw, tiro libero □ (TV, di canale e trasmissioni satellitari) free-to-air, gratuito; in chiaro □ (econ.) free trade, libero scambio; liberismo, liberoscambismo: free trade area, area di libero scambio; (dog.) free trade zone, punto franco □ (leg.) free union, unione libera □ ( poesia) free verse, versi sciolti □ (leg.) free waters, acque internazionali □ (mecc.) free wheel, ruota libera ( di bicicletta) □ (relig., filos.) free will, libero arbitrio □ of my own free will, di mia spontanea volontà □ free-will, volontario; spontaneo □ (antiq.) the free world, il mondo libero; i paesi occidentali □ (dog.) free zone, punto franco □ to be free of st., sbarazzarsi di qc.; essersi sbarazzato di qc. □ to be free with one's money, spendere con larghezza; essere uno spendaccione □ (fam.) for free, gratis □ to get free, liberarsi; sciogliersi ( da corde o vincoli) □ to give sb. free rein, dare completa libertà d'azione a q.; dare carta bianca a q. □ to have one's hands free, avere le mani libere ( anche fig.); essere libero da lavori o impegni □ to make free with sb., prendersi delle libertà con q. □ to make free with st., servirsi liberamente di qc.; approfittare di qc. □ (naut.) to sail free, navigare a vento largo (o con il vento favorevole) □ (fig., scherz.) There's no such thing as a free lunch, nessuno fa qualcosa per niente; niente è gratis nella vita.♦ (to) free /fri:/v. t.1 liberare; mettere in libertà: All the prisoners were freed, tutti i prigionieri sono stati liberati; to free from captivity, liberare dalla prigionia; to free from jail, scarcerare; He freed himself from the wreckage of his car, si è liberato dai rottami dell'auto4 (econ., fin.) liberalizzare; togliere le restrizioni a: to free capital movements, liberalizzare i movimenti di capitali5 (autom., mecc.) sbloccare. -
124 freight
I 1. [freɪt]1) (goods) merce f. trasportata, carico m.2) (transport system) trasporto m.3) (cost) spese f.pl. di trasporto, porto m.2.modificatore comm. [ company] di trasporti; [route, charges] di trasporto; [transport, service, train, terminal] merci; [ traffic] di merciII [freɪt]verbo transitivo comm. trasportare [ goods]* * *[freit]1) (goods being carried from place to place: air-freight; ( also adjective) a freight train.) carico, merce2) (the money charged for carrying such goods: He charged me $100 freight.) trasporto•* * *[freɪt]1. n(goods transported) merce f, merci fpl, (charge) spese fpl di trasporto2. vt(transport: goods) trasportare3. adj(yard) merci inv4. adv* * *freight /freɪt/n. [u]1 (trasp.) trasporto ( di merci): air [rail] freight, trasporto aereo [per ferrovia]; to send st. by air freight, spedire qc. per via aerea; to shift freight from road to rail, spostare il trasporto merci dalla ruota alla rotaia; freight company, società di trasporto; freight charges, spese di trasporto; (naut.) spese di nolo2 merce trasportata; merci (pl.); carico: to carry freight, trasportare merci (o un carico); heavy freight, carico pesante; freight wagon (o, USA, car), carro (o vagone) merci; freight train, treno merci; freight service, servizio merci; paying freight, carico pagante4 (aeron., naut.) nolo: freight brokerage, provvigione sul nolo; freight in advance, nolo anticipato● freight broker, sensale di noli □ (in USA) Freight Bureau, Conferenza della Navigazione □ ( USA) freight collect = freight forward ► sotto □ (naut.) Freight Conference, Conferenza della Navigazione □ (naut.) freight contracting, noleggio ( di navi) □ (ferr., USA) freight depot, scalo merci □ freight elevator, montacarichi □ (autom.) «Freight flow» ( cartello), «autocarri in manovra» □ freight forward, ( USA) porto assegnato; (naut.) nolo pagato a destinazione (o posticipato) □ freight forwarder (o forwarding agent), spedizioniere □ (naut.) freight market, mercato dei noli □ freight rate, ( USA) tariffa di trasporto ( di merci); (naut.) rata (o tariffa) di nolo □ (naut.) freight ship, nave da carico □ (naut.) freight ton, tonnellata di nolo (o di noleggio; 1000 kg se è metrica, 1016 se è imperiale) □ (naut.) freight unpaid, nolo assegnato □ ( USA) freight yard, scalo merci.(to) freight /freɪt/v. t.4 (fig.) (al passivo) caricare: His words were freighted with innuendo, le sue parole erano cariche di sottintesi.* * *I 1. [freɪt]1) (goods) merce f. trasportata, carico m.2) (transport system) trasporto m.3) (cost) spese f.pl. di trasporto, porto m.2.modificatore comm. [ company] di trasporti; [route, charges] di trasporto; [transport, service, train, terminal] merci; [ traffic] di merciII [freɪt]verbo transitivo comm. trasportare [ goods] -
125 Springfield
1) Город в центральной части штата Иллинойс на р. Сангаммон [Sangamon River]. Административный центр (столица) штата. 111,4 тыс. жителей (2000), с пригородами - 201,1 тыс. Торгово-промышленный центр района с интенсивным сельским хозяйством (центр т.н. Кукурузного пояса [ Corn Belt]) и добычей угля. Пищевая промышленность; производство сельскохозяйственных машин. Университет Сангаммон в ведении властей штата [Sangammon State University], медицинское отделение Университета Южного Илинойса [Southern Illinois, University of], Спрингфилдский колледж [Springfield College]. Симфонический оркестр, балет, Иллинойский центр музыки кантри [Illinois Country Opry; country and western music]. Поселение основано в 1818 И. Келли [Kelly, Elisha], город заложен в 1822 и назван по реке Спринг-Крик [Spring Creek], статус города с 1840. История города связана с жизнью и деятельностью А. Линкольна [ Lincoln, Abraham], который жил здесь в 1837-61. В 1837 он сыграл решающую роль в переносе сюда столицы штата из г. Вандалия [Vandalia]. Среди достопримечательностей: реконструированный дом А. Линкольна [ Lincoln Home National Historic Site], где он жил с женой и сыновьями в 1844-61, их могилы [Lincoln Tomb State Historic Site], здание капитолия штата [Old State Capitol], где А. Линкольн произнес первую речь о "расколотом доме" [house divided], Историческая библиотека штата с богатым собранием материалов о президенте Линкольне, Дом-музей поэта В. Линдсея [ Lindsay, (Nicholas) Vachel], Музей Спрингфилдской художественной ассоциации [Springfield Art Association]. Ежегодно здесь проводится ярмарка штата [Illinois State Fair]2) Город на юго-западе штата Массачусетс, на р. Коннектикут [ Connecticut River]; 152 тыс. жителей (2000), с пригородами - 521,9 тыс.; четвертый по величине город Новой Англии [ New England]. Торгово-финансовый центр западных районов штата. Производство электрооборудования, радиоэлектроники, инструментов, стрелкового оружия и боеприпасов, в том числе фирмы "Смит энд Вессон" [ Smith and Wesson] (в 1794-1968 здесь находился Арсенал США [U.S. Armory; Springfield Armory National Historic Site]), игрушек, спортинвентаря, мотоциклов; химическая и полиграфическая промышленность. Основан в 1636 пуританами [ Puritans] во главе с У. Пинчоном [Pynchon, William], статус города с 1641. В 1786-87 был охвачен восстанием Шейса [ Shays's Rebellion]. История города тесно связана и с аболиционизмом [ abolition] - здесь жил и работал Дж. Браун [ Brown, John], город лежал на маршруте "Подземной железной дороги" [ Underground Railroad]. Родина спичек, изобретенных А. Филлипсом [Phillips, Alonzo] (1836), и баскетбола [ basketball; Naismith, James]. В 1895 здесь была создана первая в США автомобильная фирма "Дуриэ мотор вэгон" [Duryea Motor Wagon Co.; Duryea]. Массачусетский университет [ Massachusetts, University of], Колледж Амхерста [ Amherst College], Колледж Маунт-Холиок [ Mount Holyoke College] и др., симфонический оркестр. Среди достопримечательностей: Нейсмитовская галерея славы баскетбола [Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame], памятник "Пуританин" ["The Puritan"] работы О. Сент-Годенса [ Saint-Gaudens, Augustus]3) Город на юго-западе штата Миссури у северных отрогов гор Озарк [ Ozark Mountains]. 151,5 тыс. жителей (2000), с пригородами - 325,7 тыс. Основан в 1829, статус города с 1855. Центр сельскохозяйственного района (птицеводство, молочное животноводство). Пищевая промышленность (мясная, молочная), радиоэлектроника, деревообработка, производство трейлеров [ trailer], одежды. Университет, два колледжа. Город лежал на пересечении нескольких путей переселения на запад. Во время Гражданской войны [ Civil War] удерживался конфедератами [ Confederates] в августе 1861 - феврале 1862. Получил прозвище Звезда Озарков [Queen City of the Ozarks]. Среди достопримечательностей - Художественный музей [Springfield Art Museum]4) Город на западе центральной части штата Огайо. 65,3 тыс. жителей (2000). Основан в 1799, статус города с 1850. Центр сельскохозяйственного района (свиноводство, выращивание озимой пшеницы). Сельскохозяйственное машиностроение, производство электрооборудования, автомобилестроение (запчасти, грузовики). Университет Виттенберга [Wittenberg University] (1845). Развитие города связано с прокладкой через него маршрута "Национальной дороги" [ National Road] (1838). Крупная община немецких лютеран [ German-Americans]. Среди достопримечательностей городской культурный центр [Springfield Art Center]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Springfield
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126 dirt
noun1) грязь, сор; нечистоты2) земля; почва; грунт3) непорядочность; гадость; to do smb. dirt сделать кому-л. гадость4) непристойные речи, брань, оскорбление; to fling (или to throw, to cast) dirt at smb. осыпать бранью, порочить кого-л.; to fling dirt about злословить5) geol. наносы; пустая порода; включения; золотосодержащий песок6) (attr.) земляной; грунтовой; dirt floor земляной пол; dirt road грунтовая дорога7) (attr.) мусорный; dirt wagon amer. фургон для вывозки мусораas cheap as dirt = дешевле пареной репыdirt farmer amer. фермер, лично обрабатывающий землюyellow dirt collocation золотоto treat smb. like dirt плохо обращаться с кем-л., пренебрегать кем-л.* * *(n) грязь; пакость* * ** * *[ dɜːt] n. грязь, подлость, сор; земля, грунт, почва; наносы, включения, пустая порода; золотосодержащий песок; нечистоты, гадость; непорядочность; непристойные речи, брань, оскорбление* * *багульникбраньвключениягадостьгрунтгрунтовойгрязьземлянепорядочностьнечистотыоскорблениепочвасортопь* * *1) нечистоты 2) а) грязь б) перен. в) ничтожная личность г) непорядочность д) грязные разговоры -
127 _різне
aim at the stars, but keep your feet on the ground all are not thieves that dogs bark at all cats are grey in the dark all roads lead to Rome always lend a helping hand among the blind the one-eyed man is king as the days grow longer, the storms are stronger at a round table, there is no dispute of place a bad excuse is better than none a bad vessel is seldom broken be just before you're generous be just to all, but trust not all the best things come in small packages the best way to resist temptation is to give in to it better alone than in bad company better an empty house than a bad tenant better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion better ride an ass that carries me than a horse that throws me better to beg than to steal, but better to work than to beg better a tooth out than always aching between two stools one goes to the ground a bird may be known by its flight a bird never flew on one wing a bit in the morning is better than nothing all day a bleating sheep loses a bite a blind man would be glad to see a blind man needs no looking glass bread always falls buttered side down a burden which one chooses is not felt butter to butter is no relish cast no dirt in the well that gives you water the chain is no stronger than its weakest link a change is as good as a rest Christmas comes but once a year circumstances after cases cleanliness is next to godliness the cobbler's wife is the worst shod a cold hand, a warm heart comparisons are odious consistency is a jewel consideration is half of conversation a creaking door hangs long on its hinges desperate diseases must have desperate remedies the devil looks after his own diamond cut diamond dirt shows the quickest on the cleanest cotton discontent is the first step in progress do as you would be done by dog does not eat dog a dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone a dog will not cry if you beat him with a bone do not spoil the ship for a ha'porth of tar do not throw pearls before swine do your best and leave the rest with God do your duty and be afraid of none don't be a yes-man don't cut off your nose to spite your face don't drown yourself to save a drowning man don't look a gift horse in the mouth don't spur a willing horse don't strike a man when he is down don't swap the witch for the devil eagles don't catch flies eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together the English are a nation of shopkeepers even a stopped clock is right twice a day every cock sings in his own way every fish that escapes seems greater than it is every man is a pilot in a calm sea every medal has its reverse side every thing comes to a man who does not need it every tub smells of the wine it holds evil communications corrupt good manners the exception proves the rule exchange is no robbery extremes meet facts are stubborn things familiarity breeds contempt fast bind, fast find fields have eyes, and woods have ears fight fire with fire figure on the worst but hope for the best fingers were made before forks the fire which lights us at a distance will burn us when near the first shall be last and the last, first follow your own star forbearance is no acquittance the fox knows much, but more he that catches him from the day you were born till you ride in a hearse, there's nothing so bad but it might have been worse from the sweetest wine, the tartest vinegar fruit is golden in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night gambling is the son of avarice and the father of despair the game is not worth the candles a gentleman never makes any noise the gift bringer always finds an open door the giver makes the gift precious a good horse cannot be of a bad colour a good tale is none the worse for being twice told good riddance to bad rubbish the greatest right in the world is the right to be wrong the half is more than the whole half a loaf is better than no bread half an orange tastes as sweet as a whole one hawk will not pick out hawk's eyes the heart has arguments with which the understanding is unacquainted he may well swim that is held up by the chin he that doesn't respect, isn't respected he that lies down with dogs must rise with fleas he that would live at peace and rest must hear and see and say the best he who is absent is always in the wrong he who follows is always behind the higher the climb, the broader the view history is a fable agreed upon hitch your wagon to a star the ideal we embrace is our better self if a bee didn't have a sting, he couldn't keep his honey if a sheep loops the dyke, all the rest will follow I fear Greeks even when bringing gifts if each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city if the cap fits, wear it if the mountain will not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain if you cannot bite, never show your teeth if you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have if you cannot speak well of a person, don't speak of him at all if you leave your umbrella at home, it is sure to rain if you wish to see the best in others, show the best of yourself ill news travels fast ill weeds grow apace an inch breaks no square it always pays to be a gentleman it costs nothing to ask it is easier to descend than ascend it is easier to pull down than to build up it is good fishing in troubled waters it is idle to swallow the cow and choke on the tail it is the last straw that breaks the camel's back it is sometimes best to burn your bridges behind you it is well to leave off playing when the game is at the best it is not clever to gamble, but to stop playing it's a small world it takes all sorts to make a world it takes a thief to catch a thief jealousy is a green-eyed monster jealousy is a proof of self-love keep a dress seven years and it will come back into style keep no more cats than will catch mice kindle not a fire that you cannot extinguish kissing goes by favor jam tomorrow and jam yesterday, but never jam today a joy that's shared is a joy made double justice is blind lay not the load on the lame horse learn to creep before you leap let the cock crow or not, the day will come the longest road is sometimes the shortest way home lookers-on see most of the game man does not live by bread alone many are called but few are chosen many go out for wool and come home shorn many stumble at a straw and leap over a block men cease to interest us when we find their limitations a misty morn may have a fine day the mob has many heads but no brains the moon is not seen when the sun shines the more the merrier mountain has brought forth a mouse much water runs by the mill that the miller knows not of name not a halter in his house that hanged himself the nearer the bone, the sweeter the meat never be the first by whom the new is tried nor yet the last to lay the old aside never do anything yourself you can get somebody else to do never is a long time never let your left hand know what your right hand is doing never make a bargain with the devil on a dark day never quarrel with your bread and butter never tell tales out of school a nod's as good as a wink to a blind horse no joy without alloy no man is a hero to his valet no mud can soil us but the mud we throw no names, no pack-drill no news good news no one but the wearer knows where the shoe pinches none is so blind as they who will not see none of us is perfect nothing is certain but the unforeseen nothing is easy to the unwilling nothing is so good but it might have been better nothing is stolen without hands nothing new under the sun nothing seems quite as good as new after being broken an old poacher makes the best keeper once is no rule one dog barks at nothing, the rest bark at him one good turn deserves another one half of the world does not know how the other half lives one hand washes the other one man's meat is another man's poison one picture is worth ten thousand words one volunteer is worth two pressed men one whip is good enough for a good horse; for a bad one, not a thousand opposites attract each other the orange that is squeezed too hard yields a bitter juice other people's burdens killed the ass out of the mire into the swamp painted flowers have no scent paper is patient: you can put anything on it people condemn what they do not understand pigs might fly the pitcher goes often to the well please ever; tease never plenty is no plague the porcupine, whom one must handle gloved, may be respected but is never loved the proof of the pudding is in the eating the remedy is worse than the disease reopen not the wounds once healed a rolling stone gathers no moss the rotten apple injures its neighbors scratch my back and I shall scratch yours the sea refuses no river seize what is highest and you will possess what is in between seldom seen, soon forgotten silence scandal by scandal the sharper the storm, the sooner it's over the sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton since we cannot get what we like, let us like what we can get small faults indulged in are little thieves that let in greater solitude is at times the best society some people are too mean for heaven and too good for hell the soul of a man is a garden where, as he sows, so shall he reap sour grapes can never make sweet wine sow a thought and reap an act the sow loves bran better than roses a stick is quickly found to beat a dog with still waters run deep stoop low and it will save you many a bump through life a straw shows which way the wind blows a stream cannot rise above its source the style is the man the sun loses nothing by shining into a puddle the sun shines on all the world the sun will shine down our street too sunday plans never stand suspicion may be no fault, but showing it may be a great one sweetest nuts have the hardest shells the tail cannot shake the dog take things as they are, not as you'd have them tastes differ there are more ways of killing a dog than hanging it there is always room at the top there is life in the old dog yet there is no rose without a thorn there is small choice in rotten apples there is truth in wine there's as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it they need much whom nothing will content they that dance must pay the fiddler they walk with speed who walk alone those who hide can find three removals are as bad as a fire to the pure all things are pure to work hard, live hard, die hard, and go to hell after all would be hard indeed too far east is west translation is at best an echo a tree is known by its fruit a tree often transplanted neither grows nor thrives two can play at that game two dogs over one bone seldom agree venture a small fish to catch a great one the voice with a smile always wins wear my shoes and you'll know where they pitch we weep when we are born, not when we die what can you have of a cat but her skin what can't be cured must be endured what matters to a blind man that his father could see what you lose on the swings, you gain on the roundabouts when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail when a dog is drowning, everyone offers him drink when in doubt, do nowt when interest is lost, memory is lost when a man lays the foundation of his own ruin, others will build on it when a river does not make a noise, it is either empty or very full when the devil is dead, he never lacks a chief mourner when two ride on one horse one must sit behind where bees are, there is honey where it is weakest, there the thread breaks who seeks what he should not finds what he would not why keep a dog and bark yourself? a wonder lasts but nine days the worth of a thing is best known by its want the world is a ladder for some to go up and some down would you persuade, speak of interest, not of reason you buy land, you buy stones; you buy meat, you buy bones you can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink you can tell the day by the morning you cannot lose what you never had you cannot touch pitch and not be defiled you can't put new wine in old bottles you can't walk and look at the stars if you have a stone in your shoe your looking glass will tell you what none of your friends will zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse -
128 ciągn|ąć
impf Ⅰ vt 1. (przesuwać, wlec) to drag, to pull [osobę, zwierzę]; to draw, to pull [wóz, wagon]; to tow [przyczepę]- ciągnąć kogoś za rękę to drag sb (along) by the hand- ciągnąć kogoś za nogi to drag sb by the legs- ciągnąć kogoś za płaszcz to pull sb by the coat- ciągnąć coś po ziemi to drag sth along the ground- ciągnąć zabawkę na sznurku to pull a toy along on a string- ciągnąć palcem po czymś to draw one’s finger along sth- sanie ciągnięte przez dwa konie a sleigh drawn by two horses ⇒ pociągnąć12. (zabierać kogoś ze sobą) to drag [sb] along- ciągnąć kogoś do kina to drag sb along to the cinema- ciągnął rodzinę ze sobą he dragged his family along with him- ciągnąć kogoś na wódkę to drag sb off for a drink3. (prowadzić, wieść) to carry out [pracę]; to carry on [naukę]; to run, to carry on [gospodarstwo]- on ledwo ciągniepot. he just gets by- ciągnęła życie samotnie she led a solitary life4. (wydobywać, wybierać) to draw- ciągnąć wodę ze studni to draw water from a well- ciągnąć sieci z jeziora to draw in (fishing) nets from a lake5. (wchłaniać) to drink, to sip [napój, herbatę]; to consume [elektryczność]- ciągnąć lemoniadę przez słomkę to drink a. suck lemonade through a straw- rośliny ciągną pożywienie z ziemi plants draw sustenance from the earth- ciągnąć dym z fajki/papierosa to draw on a pipe/cigarette6. (przyciągać) to draw- magnes ciągnie metale a magnet attracts metals- ciężki plecak ciągnął ją do tyłu her heavy rucksack pulled her backwards- wir rzeki ciągnął go na dno the river eddy was sucking him under7. (pociągać, wabić) [lektura, sport] to draw- ciągnie ją scena/estrada/cyrk she’s drawn to the theatre/stage/circus- ciągnęło go do alkoholu he was drawn to alcohol- papierosy nigdy mnie nie ciągnęły I was never interested in a. drawn to smoking- ciągnie go złe towarzystwo he’s drawn to bad company- nie ciągnnie mnie tam I’ve no desire to go there8. (szarpać, targać) to pull, to tug [osobę]- ciągnąć kogoś za rękaw/włosy to pull sb’s sleeve/hair- ciągnąć psa za ogon to pull a dog’s tail- ciągnąć gwóźdź obcęgami to pull at a nail with pliers9. (rozciągać) to draw out, to stretch (out) [sznur, gumę] 10. (przedłużać) to carry on, to continue [przedstawienie, roboty, poszukiwanie]- ciągnąć dalej opowiadanie to carry on with a story- nie chciałem ciągnąć rozmowy I didn’t want to prolong the conversation- nie ma sensu ciągnąć tego tematu there’s no point in drawing a. dragging the issue out ⇒ pociągnąć111. (uzyskiwać) to derive [zyski, korzyści, dochody] (z czegoś from sth) ⇒ wyciągnąć 12. (zakładać) to run, to lay [kabel, linię kolejową]; (budować) to run (up), to build [mur, ścianę, komin] 13. Techn. to draw [drut] 14. Górn. to haul [materiały, urobek] Ⅱ vi 1. (wiać, dmuchać) z ogrodu ciągnęła woń róż the scent of roses wafted in from the garden- chłód ciągnie od morza there’s a cool breeze in off the sea- od rzeki ciągnęło chłodem there was a cool breeze off the river- piec dobrze/źle ciągnie the chimney draws well/doesn’t draw well- ależ tu ciągnie it’s so draughty in here2. (przemieszczać się) to head- wojska ciągnęły na północ the troops have headed a. pushed north- szosami ciągnęły tłumy uchodźców crowds of refugees were moving along the roads- ranny łoś ciągnął w las the wounded elk headed off a. made off into the forest3. (nadchodzić) [burza, chmury] to draw near, to near 4. (być amatorem) ciągnąć do czegoś to be drawn to [sportu, lekkiego życia] 5. (mówić dalej) to continue, to go on- czy mogę ciągnąć dalej? may I continue?6. pot. (jechać) [samochód] to do pot.- ciągnąć setką to be doing a hundredⅢ ciągnąć się 1. (zajmować obszar) [las, pustynia, droga] to stretch (out)- ciągnąć się kilometrami to stretch for miles- ciągnąć się w nieskończoność to stretch into infinity- kolejka ciągnie się do końca budynku the queue goes right to the end of the building- korek ciągnie się do skrzyżowania the traffic jam goes up to the roundabout- droga ciągnie się aż do jeziora the road goes all the way to the lake2. (wlec się) to trail- ciągnąć się z tyłu to trail behind- pociąg z sapaniem ciągnął się pod górę the train chugged its way uphill3. (szarpać jeden drugiego) to pull one another- ciągnąć się za włosy to pull each other’s hair4. (trwać długo) [spotkanie, film] to drag on; [dzień, wieczór] to wear on- ciągnąć się bez końca to go on forever- dyskusja ciągnęła się w nieskończoność the discussion dragged on and on- obiad ciągnął się w milczeniu dinner dragged on in silence- proces ciągnął się przez kilka lat the trial dragged on for several years5. (unosić się) [chmura, dym, kurz] to drift; [zapach] to waft- ta sprawa będzie się jeszcze długo za nim ciągnęła the affair will hang over him for a long time to come6. (być wleczonym) to trail- ciągnąć się za kimś to trail behind sb- pasek od płaszcza ciągnął się za nim po ziemi his coat belt was trailing on the ground behind him7. (być ciągliwym) [substancja] to be stringy; [cukierek] to be chewy- ciągnący się klej thick glue■ ciągnąć losy a. węzełki to draw lots- ciągnąć ton a. nutę to hold a note- ciągnąć weksel Handl. to draw a bill- ciągnąć w swoją stronę to look after one’s own interests- nie dojdą do porozumienia, bo każdy ciągnie w swoją stronę they won’t reach an agreement because they’re pulling in different directions- mówią, że działają dla dobra ogółu, ale wiadomo, że każdy ciągnie w swoją stronę they say they’re acting for the good of society, but everyone knows they’re all just looking after number one- ciągnąć kogoś za język to draw sb (out)- ciągnąć kogoś za uszy to pull sb through- ciągnąć za sobą nogi to shamble (along)The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ciągn|ąć
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