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121 ♦ (to) follow
♦ (to) follow /ˈfɒləʊ/A v. t.1 seguire; andare [venire] dietro a: Please follow me, mi segua, prego; DIALOGO → - Arriving for a meeting- If you'd like to follow me, the meeting's up on the second floor, se vuole seguirmi, la sala riunioni è al secondo piano; We are being followed, qualcuno ci sta seguendo; siamo pedinati; to follow sb. closely, seguire q. da vicino; I followed the sign and came to a fork in the road, ho seguito il cartello e sono arrivato a un bivio; He followed me in [out], è entrato [è uscito] dietro di me; The author follows Jung in thinking that…, l'autore segue Jung nel ritenere che…2 seguire; venire dopo: The announcement was followed by a silence, all'annuncio è seguito il silenzio; July follows June, luglio viene dopo giugno3 succedere a; subentrare a: He followed his father as company manager, successe a suo padre come direttore della ditta4 seguire; obbedire a; eseguire; attenersi a; osservare: to follow sb.'s advice [example], seguire i consigli [l'esempio] di q.; to follow orders, obbedire agli (o eseguire gli) ordini; to follow the instructions, seguire le (o attenersi alle) istruzioni; to follow the fashion, seguire la moda; to follow the rules, osservare il regolamento5 seguire; capire: to follow an argument, seguire (o capire) un ragionamento; I don't quite follow you, non ti seguo; non ho capito bene6 seguire; interessarsi di: I don't follow politics much, non seguo molto la politica; non m'interesso granché di politica9 (antiq.) esercitare ( un mestiere e sim.); svolgere: to follow the law, esercitare l'avvocatura; fare l'avvocato; to follow a trade, esercitare un mestiere10 derivare da; risultare da: Disease often follows malnutrition, spesso le malattie derivano da una cattiva nutrizioneB v. i.1 seguire; venire dopo: A letter will follow, segue lettera; I'll follow later, verrò dopo; to follow behind, venire dietro; in the years that followed, negli anni successivi3 conseguire; seguire; derivare; discendere; essere la conseguenza (di): If he knew about it, it follows someone warned him, se ne era informato, ne segue che qualcuno lo aveva avvertito● to follow, e poi; e dopo: I'll have a hamburger and an ice cream to follow, prenderò un hamburger e poi un gelato □ (fig.) to follow st. home, portare qc. alle conseguenze naturali; sfruttare qc. a fondo □ (fig.) to follow in sb. 's footsteps, seguire (o calcare) le orme di q. □ to follow one's nose, andare sempre dritto; (al naso); andare a lume di naso □ (fam.) to follow the plough, fare il seguire il proprio naso; (fig.) seguire il proprio istinto □ to follow suit, ( a carte) rispondere a colore; (fig.) fare lo stesso, fare altrettanto (seguendo l'esempio di q.) □ as follows, come segue; nel modo seguente. -
122 ♦ work
♦ work /wɜ:k/n.1 [u] lavoro ( anche econ.); opera ( anche letteraria, ecc.); attività: DIALOGO → - Signing on with an agency- What sort of work are you looking for?, che genere di lavoro sta cercando?; Can you do this work alone?, puoi fare questo lavoro da solo?; a day's work, il lavoro d'una giornata; DIALOGO → - Computer problems- I've lost all this morning's work, ho perso tutto il lavoro di stamattina; to find (o to get) work, trovar lavoro; trovare da lavorare; A teacher does his work mainly at school, l'insegnante svolge la sua attività soprattutto a scuola; to go to work, andare al lavoro: I go to work by bus, vado al lavoro in autobus; My father is at work now, mio padre è al lavoro; ( USA) to be in work, essere in lavorazione; DIALOGO → - Dental fees- Are you in work?, ha un impiego?; to be looking for work, essere in cerca di lavoro; to be out of work, essere disoccupato; to finish work at 2 p.m., smettere di lavorare alle 14; to start work, cominciare a lavorare; to leave work early, uscire prima dal lavoro; to return to work, riprendere il lavoro; a piece of work, un lavoro; un oggetto lavorato: What a wonderful piece of work!, che magnifico lavoro!; to go (o to set) about one's work, mettersi a lavorare; intraprendere il proprio lavoro; to set sb. to work, mettere q. al lavoro; far lavorare q.; dirty work, lavoro pesante; ( anche) attività illegale; hard work, duro lavoro; seasonal work, lavoro stagionale2 ( arte, letter., mus., ecc.) opera ( anche in senso morale): a fine work of art, una bella opera d'arte; Shakespeare's complete (o collected) works, le opere complete di Shakespeare; works of mercy, opere di bene; atti di carità3 (pl.) (di solito col verbo al sing.) fabbrica; officina; opificio; stabilimento: The biggest works is outside the town, lo stabilimento più grande è fuori della città; a gas works, un'officina del gas4 (pl.) meccanismo; ingranaggio; congegno; movimento: The works need to be repaired, bisogna riparare il congegno; the works of a clock ( of a watch), il movimento di un orologio5 (pl.) opere, lavori (d'ingegneria); (mil.) fortificazioni: public works, opere di pubblica utilità; lavori pubblici; defensive works, opere di difesa; DIALOGO → - Being late- There are road works on the M1 and it's reduced to one lane, ci sono dei lavori sulla M1 e la strada è ridotta a una corsia8 (pl.) (fam.; = the full works, the whole work) tutto quanto; armi e bagagli; ogni cosa; ( di cibo) un po' di tutto; il menu completo● work area, zona lavoro □ (econ.) work by the day, lavoro a giornata; lavoro in economia □ (org. az.) works committee, commissione mista □ (ind.) work cycle, ciclo di lavorazione □ (econ.) work experience, esperienza di lavoro; esperienza professionale □ ( anche comput.) work group, gruppo di lavoro □ work-horse ► workhorse □ (org. az.) work hour, ora lavorativa □ work in hand (o in progress), lavoro in corso □ (sociol.) work-life balance, equilibrio tra lavoro e vita privata; equilibrio vita-lavoro □ (org. az.) work order, ordine (o buono) di lavorazione; commessa □ (leg.) work permit, permesso di lavoro □ work rate, quantità di lavoro; ( sport) mole di gioco svolto □ (econ.) work relief, sostegno all'occupazione □ work sheet, ► worksheet □ (cronot.) work standard, norma □ work station ► workstation □ (econ.) work stoppage, interruzione del lavoro □ (ind.) work study, studio dell'organizzazione del lavoro □ ( USA) work-study scholarship, borsa di studio con lavoro part-time □ work ticket = work order ► sopra □ all in the day's work, tutto regolare; roba d'ordinaria amministrazione □ at work, al lavoro, sul lavoro: safety at work, la sicurezza sul lavoro □ to be at the works, essere in fabbrica; essere in officina □ to be at work upon st., lavorare a qc.; essere occupato a fare qc. □ to have a hand in the work, avere le mani in pasta □ (fam.) to have one's work cut out, avere a mano un lavoro difficile; avere un bel da fare □ Keep up the good work!, bravo! continua così! □ to make short (o quick) work of, sbrigarsi a; sbarazzarsi di, far piazza pulita di: You have made short work of cleaning up the garden, ti sei sbrigato a pulire il giardino; I have made short work of him, mi sono sbarazzato di lui □ to set (o to get) to work, mettersi al lavoro; mettersi all'opera □ sexual discrimination at work, discriminazione sul lavoro in base al sesso; diversità di trattamento fra lavoratori e lavoratrici □ I have done a good day's work, ho fatto un bel po' di lavoro, oggi □ My work is in civil engineering (o as a civil engineer), faccio (di professione) l'ingegnere (civile) □ (prov.) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, il troppo lavoro rende noiosi.NOTA D'USO: - work o job?- ♦ (to) work /wɜ:k/A v. i.1 lavorare; operare; fare un lavoro: I've been working all day, è tutto il giorno che lavoro; He isn't working at present, non sta lavorando ora; ( anche) al momento è senza lavoro (o è disoccupato); to work hard, lavorar sodo; to work alongside sb., lavorare a fianco di q.; The new cook works well, il nuovo cuoco fa bene il suo lavoro; He was given the Nobel Prize because he had worked so hard for peace, ha ricevuto il premio Nobel per aver tanto operato per la pace; DIALOGO → - Asking about routine 1- Where do you work?, dove lavori?2 funzionare ( anche fig.); fare effetto; essere efficace; andare: to work on electricity, funzionare (o andare) con la corrente (elettrica); DIALOGO → - Power cut- The fridge has stopped working, il frigo ha smesso di funzionare; I don't think your idea will work, non credo che la tua idea funzionerà; The remedy didn't work, il rimedio non ha funzionato; The plan worked very well, il piano ha avuto un buon esito3 penetrare (con difficoltà): The worm worked ( its way) into the wood, il tarlo è penetrato nel legno4 lavorarsi, manipolarsi ( bene, male, ecc.): This clay works easily, quest'argilla si manipola bene5 (fig.) maturare; fermentare: Let the idea work in your mind, lascia che l'idea ti fermenti in testa6 contrarsi; distorcersi: Mr Hyde's features began to work in an awful manner, i lineamenti di Mr Hyde cominciarono a distorcersi in modo orrendo7 (naut.) manovrare a fatica8 (mecc., naut.) allentarsi; allascarsi; avere gioco11 (naut.) bordeggiare; navigare controventoB v. t.1 lavorare; foggiare; plasmare; manipolare: to work the soil, lavorare la terra; ( cucina) to work butter [dough] well, lavorar bene il burro [la pasta]; to work clay, manipolare l'argilla; to work iron, foggiare il ferro2 far lavorare: He works his players hard [non stop], fa lavorare sodo [senza tregua] i suoi giocatori3 far funzionare; azionare; manovrare; condurre: to work a machine, far funzionare una macchina; to be worked by electricity, essere azionato dall'elettricità; andare con la corrente (elettrica); to work an engine, manovrare una locomotiva; He worked the train from London to Liverpool, condusse il treno (fece da macchinista sul treno) da Londra a Liverpool4 (tecn.) comandare: This gadget works the whole burglar-alarm, questo aggeggio comanda l'intero antifurto5 operare; causare; produrre; provocare; compiere; esercitare; fare: Automation has worked ( o wrought) many changes in the car industry, l'automazione ha operato molti cambiamenti nell'industria automobilistica; The storm worked great ruin, la tempesta ha causato gravi danni; to work mischief, provocare (o fare) danni6 (org. az.) dirigere; essere a capo di8 (econ.) sfruttare, coltivare ( una miniera): to work a coal mine, sfruttare una miniera di carbone9 operare, ricamare; fare ( cucendo o ricamando): to work one's initials on the linen, ricamare le proprie iniziali sulla biancheria10 esercitare un influsso su (q.); convincere; indurre; persuadere: You should work him to your way of thinking, dovresti indurlo a condividere il tuo modo di vedere11 (fam.) sistemare; arrangiare (fam.); fare in modo: I'll work it so that you can come as well, farò in modo che anche tu possa venire; How did she work it?, come c'è riuscita?12 ( USA) fare ( un'operazione aritmetica); risolvere ( un problema); trovare, calcolare ( un risultato)15 (fam.) lavorarsi, manipolare, sfruttare (q.)● (comput.) to work at a distance, lavorare a distanza □ ( di un oratore, ecc.) to work the audience into enthusiasm, sollevare l'entusiasmo del pubblico □ ( di un principio, ecc.) to work both ways, valere nei due sensi (o per tutti e due) □ to work closely with sb., lavorare in stretta collaborazione con q. □ (comm.: di un commesso viaggiatore) to work a district, lavorare in una zona, fare una zona □ to work double tides, fare in un giorno il lavoro di due □ ( sport) to work the edges, agire sugli spigoli ( degli sci); spigolare □ to work free, (riuscire a) liberare, sciogliere: to work one's hands free, liberarsi le mani □ (econ.) to work full-time, lavorare a tempo pieno □ to work like a beaver, lavorare come un mulo; lavorare per dieci □ to work like a dog, lavorare come un mulo □ (mecc.) to work loose, allentare; allentarsi: The nut of the bolt has worked loose, s'è allentato il dado del bullone □ to work nights, fare il turno di notte □ to work overtime, fare lavoro straordinario; fare lo straordinario □ to work part-time, lavorare a tempo parziale (o ridotto) □ to work one's passage ( on a ship), pagarsi la traversata (su una nave) lavorando a bordo □ (leg.) to work a patent, sfruttare un brevetto □ to work in shifts, lavorare a turni □ to work a typewriter, scrivere a macchina; fare il dattilografo □ to work one's way through the crowd, farsi largo a fatica tra la folla □ to work wonders, fare miracoli □ (autom.) «Men working» ( cartello), «lavori in corso» □ It worked like a charm, la cosa andò (o tutto filò) a meraviglia; funzionò come d'incanto.NOTA D'USO: - to work for o to work at?- -
123 go down
the plane went down over Normandy, the Channel — l'aereo si è schiantato in Normandia, è caduto nella Manica
to go down well, badly — essere accolto bene, male
4) (become lower) [water level, temperature, price] scendere, abbassarsi, diminuire; [ standard] peggiorare, calare; [ tide] abbassarsi; [storm, wind] calmarsi5) (become deflated) [swelling, tyre] sgonfiarsihe will go down as a great statesman — verrà ricordato o passerà alla storia come un grande uomo di stato
9) (be recorded) essere annotato10) (be stricken)11) BE colloq. (go to prison) andare dentro, in prigione12) inform. [computer, system] piantarsi; go down [sth.] scendere da, per [ hill]; scendere in [ mine]* * *1) ((with well/badly) to be approved or disapproved of: The story went down well (with them).) essere accolto bene/male2) ((of a ship) to sink: They were lost at sea when the ship went down.) affondare3) ((of the sun or moon) to go below the horizon.) tramontare4) (to be remembered: Your bravery will go down in history.) passare alla storia5) ((of places) to become less desirable: This part of town has gone down in the last twenty years.) degradarsi* * *vi + adv1) (sun) tramontare, calare, (person: downstairs) scendere, andar giù, (sink: ship) affondare, (person) andar sotto, (be defeated) crollare2) (be written down) venire registrato (-a)to go down in history/to posterity — passare alla storia/ai posteri
3) (decrease: price, temperature etc) scendere, calare* * *the plane went down over Normandy, the Channel — l'aereo si è schiantato in Normandia, è caduto nella Manica
to go down well, badly — essere accolto bene, male
4) (become lower) [water level, temperature, price] scendere, abbassarsi, diminuire; [ standard] peggiorare, calare; [ tide] abbassarsi; [storm, wind] calmarsi5) (become deflated) [swelling, tyre] sgonfiarsihe will go down as a great statesman — verrà ricordato o passerà alla storia come un grande uomo di stato
9) (be recorded) essere annotato10) (be stricken)11) BE colloq. (go to prison) andare dentro, in prigione -
124 turn out
to turn out well, badly — andare a finire bene, male
to turn out all right — andare bene o per il meglio
as it turned out — a conti fatti, in fin dei conti
2) (come out) [crowd, people] affluire, accorrere ( to do per fare; for per)his toes o feet turn out — ha i piedi in fuori; turn [sth.] out, turn out [sth.]
4) (turn off) spegnere [ light]6) (produce) produrre, fabbricare [ goods]; formare [scientists, graduates]; turn [sb.] out, turn out [sb.] (evict) buttare fuori, mettere alla porta* * *1) (to send away; to make (someone) leave.) (mandare fuori)2) (to make or produce: The factory turns out ten finished articles an hour.) produrre3) (to empty or clear: I turned out the cupboard.) vuotare4) ((of a crowd) to come out; to get together for a (public) meeting, celebration etc: A large crowd turned out to see the procession.) comparire5) (to turn off: Turn out the light!) spegnere6) (to happen or prove to be: He turned out to be right; It turned out that he was right.) rivelarsi, (venire fuori)* * *1. vi + adv1) (appear, attend: troops, doctor) presentarsi2) (prove to be) rivelarsiit turned out to be true/a mistake — è risultato essere vero/un errore
it turned out that... — si è scoperto che...
2. vt + adv1) (light, appliance, gas) chiudere, spegnere2) (produce: goods) produrre, (novel, good pupils) creare3) (empty: pockets) vuotare, (tip out: cake) capovolgere4) (clean out: room) dare una bella pulita a5) (expel: tenant, employee) mandar via6) (guard, police) far uscire* * *to turn out well, badly — andare a finire bene, male
to turn out all right — andare bene o per il meglio
as it turned out — a conti fatti, in fin dei conti
2) (come out) [crowd, people] affluire, accorrere ( to do per fare; for per)his toes o feet turn out — ha i piedi in fuori; turn [sth.] out, turn out [sth.]
4) (turn off) spegnere [ light] -
125 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
126 constituo
con-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to cause to stand, put or lay down, to set, put, place, fix, station, deposit a person or thing somewhere (esp. firmly or immovably), etc. (the act. corresponding to consistere; class.).I.In gen.A.Prop.:B.hominem ante pedes Q. Manilii constituunt,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38:vobis (dīs) candentem taurum ante aras,
Verg. A. 5, 237:impedimenta,
Liv. 44, 36, 6:reliquias praedonum contractas in urbibus,
Vell. 2, 32 fin.:unum aliquem lectorem,
Quint. 2, 5, 6:velut in aliquā sublimi speculā constitutus,
Lact. 2, 2, 18.—Trop.:II.cum hujus vobis adulescentiam proposueritis, constituitote vobis ante oculos etiam hujus miseri senectutem,
Cic. Cael. 32, 79.—Esp.,A.Milit. t. t.1.To station or post troops somewhere, to draw up, set in order:2.legionem Caesar passibus CC. ab eo tumulo constituit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43:legiones pro castris in acie,
id. ib. 2, 8 fin.;4, 35: aciem ordinesque intra silvas,
id. ib. 2, 19:octo cohortes in fronte,
Sall. C. 59, 2:quod reliquum peditum erat, obliquo constituerunt colle,
Liv. 28, 33, 8 al.:naves ad latus apertum hostium,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:naves aperto ac plano litore,
id. ib. 4, 23 fin.:naves nisi in alto,
id. ib. 4, 24:subsidiarias (naves) in secundo ordine, Auct. B. Alex. 14, 3: classem apud Salamina exadversum Athenas,
Nep. Them. 3, 4; cf. id. Alcib. 8, 1:praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 7.—Rarely of a single person: se constituere, to station or post one's self: dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto constituere studet, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17.—In contrast with a march, to cause to halt:B.paulisper agmen constituit,
Sall. J. 49, 5; so,agmen,
Liv. 35, 28, 8; 38, 25, 12:signa paulisper novitate rei,
id. 33, 10, 3; so,signa,
id. 34, 20, 4.—And trop.:si constituitur aliquando (narratio) ac non istā brevitate percurritur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328.—With the access. idea of preparation, to set up, erect, establish, found, build, construct, prepare, make, create, constitute (class. and very freq.).1.Lit.:2.genus humanum, quorum omnia causā constituisse deos,
Lucr. 2, 175:aggerem apparare, vineas agere, turres duas constituere coepit,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:turres,
id. ib. 2, 12:turrim,
id. ib. 2, 30:castella ad extremas fossas,
id. ib. 2, 8:vineas ac testudines,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2:locis certis horrea,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42:inane sepulcrum,
Ov. M. 6, 568:feralis cupressos,
Verg. A. 6, 216:ingentem quercum in tumulo,
id. ib. 11, 6:pyras curvo in litore,
id. ib. 11, 185:quattuor aras ad alta delubra dearum,
id. G. 4, 542; Suet. Aug. 59 fin.:aedem in foro geminis fratribus,
id. Caes. 10:castra Romae,
id. Tib. 37 et saep.:oppidum,
to found, Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Nep. Cim. 2, 2; so,nova moenia,
Verg. A. 12, 194; cf.:moenia in Aside terrā,
Ov. M. 9, 449:domicilium sibi Magnesiae,
Nep. Them. 10, 2:triplex Piraeei portus constitutus est,
id. ib. 6, 1:hiberna omnium legionum in Belgis,
Caes. B. G. 3, 38:di primum homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituerunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140.—Trop., to bring about, effect, establish, appoint, etc., freq. of judicial determinations, etc.: videte, [p. 438] per deos immortalis, quod jus nobis, quam condicionem vobismet ipsis, quam denique civitati legem constituere velitis, to establish, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:C.jus melius Sullanis praediis quam paternis,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 10:judicium,
id. Part. Or. 28, 99:judicium de pecuniis repetundis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:judicium capitis in se,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:controversiam,
id. de Or. 1, 31, 143:quaestionem,
Quint. 3, 11, 17; 4, 2, 10:ratiocinationem,
id. 5, 14, 12:in hac accusatione comparandā constituendāque laborare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; and of persons, to designate, appoint, select, put forward, etc.:accusatorem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; Quint. 3, 10, 3 (cf.:comparare accusatorem,
Cic. Clu. 67, 191):testis,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:tutores pupillis,
Dig. 2, 1, 1 et saep.:nuper apud C. Orchivium collegam meum locus ab judicibus Fausto Sullae de pecuniis residuis non est constitutus,
no trial of him was permitted, Cic. Clu. 34, 94:reum statim fecit, utique ei locus primus constitueretur impetravit,
id. ib. 20, 56:fidem,
id. Part. Or. 9, 31; cf. id. Sen. 18, 62:concordiam,
id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1:si utilitas amicitiam constituet, tollet eadem,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 78:amicitiam tecum,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 27 (cf. id. ib. §25: amicitiae permultae comparantur): libertatem,
Cic. Fl. 11, 25:victoriam,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:pacem (opp. bellum gerere),
id. ib. 8, 22:quantum mali sibi ac liberis suis,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65.—With the access. idea of ordering, contriving, to establish, fix, appoint, settle, order, manage; to confirm, regulate, arrange, dispose.1.Lit.:2.Ti. et C. Gracchos plebem in agris publicis constituisse,
to have established, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 83:ibi futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset,
should assign them a permanent abode, Caes. B. G. 1, 13:reges in civitate,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 41:Commium regem ibi,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21:decemviralem potestatem in omnibus urbibus,
Nep. Lys. 2, 1; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:curatores legibus agrariis,
id. ib.; cf.:publice patronum huic causae,
id. Mur. 2, 4:regnum alicui,
Nep. Chabr. 2, 1 al.:composita et constituta res publica,
Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42; cf.:bene morata et bene constituta civitas,
id. Brut. 2, 7; so id. Agr. 2, 5, 10 fin.:civitates,
to organize, id. de Or. 1, 9, 35:quis tibi concesserit... reliquas utilitates in constituendis civitatibus... a disertis ornateque dicentibus esse constitutas,
id. ib. 1, 9, 36:Chersoneso tali modo constituto,
Nep. Milt. 2, 4:res summā aequitate,
id. ib. 2, 2; cf.:rem nummariam,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:rem familiarem,
id. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—Trop.:D.ineuntis aetatis inscitia senum constituenda et regenda prudentiā est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; cf.:majores vestri majestatis constituendae gratiā bis Aventinum occupavere,
Sall. J. 31, 17; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:jam perfectis constitutisque viribus,
Quint. 10, 1, 57.— Pass. impers.: non tam sinistre constitutum est, ut non, etc., i. e. we are not so badly off as not, etc., Plin. Pan. 45, 5.—Of persons:Athenaeum in maximā apud regem auctoritate gratiāque,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:aliquem sibi quaestoris in loco,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77:in potestate aliquem,
Lact. Epit. 55, 6:constituuntur in honoribus, cum magistratus creantur,
Aug. Cont. adv. Leg. 1, 45 al. —With the access. idea of limiting, fixing, allotting, to fix, appoint something ( for or to something), to settle, agree upon, define, determine.1.Lit.:b.propter dissensionem placuerat dividi thesauros finesque imperii singulis constitui,
Sall. J. 12, 1:summum pretium,
Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2; cf.:pretium frumento,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:certam pecuniam proconsulibus,
Suet. Aug. 36; id. Ner. 10:propria loca senatoribus,
id. Claud. 21:diem nuptiis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180; cf.:nuptias in hunc diem,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 34:diem concilio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30:diem colloquio,
id. ib. 1, 47:posterum diem pugnae,
id. ib. 3, 23 fin.:negotio proximum diem,
Sall. J. 93, 8:certum tempus ei rei,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47:tempus in posterum diem locumque,
Liv. 38, 25, 2:postquam ad constitutam non venerat diem,
id. 27, 16, 16:locus, tempus constitutum est,
Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 3:modum credendi,
Cic. Rab. Post. 3, 5: de numero pastorum alii angustius, alii laxius constituunt:ego in octogenas hirtas oves singulos pastores constitui, Atticus in centenas,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 10.—T. t. of the lang. of business, to accord, agree with one in a thing, to appoint, fix, to concert, agree upon, assent to (cf. Gron. Obss. p. 14 sq.); constr. aliquid cum aliquo, alicui, inter se, or with acc. only, or absol.(α).Cum aliquo:(β).ubiea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis venit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:pactam et constitutam esse cum Manlio diem,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:constitui cum quodam hospite, Me esse illum conventuram,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 120:constitui cum hominibus, quo die mihi Messanae praesto essent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: cum aliquo, ut, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Calig. 8; cf. under P. a., B. 2.—Alicui:(γ).L. Cincio HS. XXCD. constitui me curaturum Idibus Febr.,
Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; id. Off. 1, 10, 32:ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae,
Juv. 3, 12; cf.:sane, inquit, vellem non constituissem, in Tusculanum me hodie venturum esse, Laelio,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—With acc. only or absol.:2.vadimonia constituta,
Cic. Sen. 7, 21:de pecuniā constitutā,
Dig. 13, tit. 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:(Vaccenses) compositis inter se rebus in diem tertiam constituunt,
Sall. J. 66, 2:sic constituunt, sic condicunt,
Tac. G. 11; Juv. 6, 487.— Pass. impers.:Avillius, ut erat constitutum, simulat se aegrotare,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37.—Trop.:E.constituendi sunt qui sint in amicitiā fines deligendi,
Cic. Lael. 16, 56:si forte quaereretur quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungerem, etc. (for which, soon after, definire),
id. de Or. 1, 48, 210; cf. C. 1. supra, and Quint. 12, 1, 1:nondum satis constitui molestiaene plus an voluptatis attulerit mihi Trebatius noster,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1:ut constitueret, honestum esse aliquid quod, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 3, 9:bona possessa non esse constitui,
id. Quint. 29, 89:de hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium retulit,
Nep. Eum. 12, 1.—With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine.(α).With inf.:(β).si quis mare Neptunum Cereremque vocare Constituit fruges,
Lucr. 2, 656:cohortes duas in Nantuatibus collocare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 1:bellum cum Germanis gerere,
id. ib. 4, 6:Romanorum adventum exspectare atque ibi decertare,
id. ib. 4, 19:desciscere a rege,
Nep. Dat. 5, 5.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).audio constitutum esse Pompeio et ejus consilio in Siciliam me mittere,
Cic. Att. 7, 7, 4. —With interrog.-clause:(δ).quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret, Aristides delectus est, qui constitueret,
Nep. Arist. 3, 1. —With ut:A.rus uti irem, jam heri constitueram,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:constitueram, ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:constituimus inter nos ut ambulationem conficeremus,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:Lentulus cum ceteris constituerant, uti, etc.,
Sall. C. 43, 1.—Hence, constĭtūtus, a, um, P. a.Adj. (acc. to B.), constituted, arranged, disposed:2.bene constitutum corpus,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 17:viri sapientes et bene naturā constituti,
id. Sest. 65, 137:quotus quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ita animo ac vitā constitutus, ut ratio postulat,
id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:qui integri sunt et sani et bene constituti de rebus domesticis,
id. Sest. 45, 97.—(Acc. to C.) Fixed, established:B.cursus siderum,
Quint. 1, 10, 46:discrimina (opp. fortuita),
id. 5, 10, 42:jam confirmatae constitutaeque vocis,
id. 11, 3, 29.—Subst.: constĭtūtum, i, n.1.(Acc. to B.) An institution, ordinance, law (mostly postclass.), Cod. Th. 1, 11, 5; 12, 41, 1.—b.Trop.:2.cum videas ordinem rerum et naturam per constituta procedere,
according to established laws, Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 2.—(Acc. to D. 1. b.) An agreement, appointment, accommodation; a compact (in good prose):ante rem quaeruntur, quae talia sunt, apparatus, conloquia, locus, constitutum, convivium,
Cic. Top. 12, 52; so absol., id. Att. 11, 16, 2; id. Cael. 8, 20:rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere,
id. Att. 12, 23, 3:constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, etc.,
id. Cael. 25, 61; and humorously: si quod constitutum cum podagra habes, fac ut in alium diem differas, id. Fam. 7, 4; so,ad constitutum venire,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1; Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:se proripu it,
Suet. Oth. 6;and without a verb,
Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; Flor. 2, 6, 16 (but in Vell. 2, 110, 1, the better read. is consili). -
127 stare
непр. vi (e)1) останавливаться, прекращать, задерживать (движение, какое-либо действие)dobbiamo andare o stare?, si va o si sta? — мы идём или остаёмся?stà! — перестань!, прекрати!non può stare mezz'ora senza fumare — он и полчаса не может (прожить) без сигареты2) медлить3) продолжаться, длиться4) жить, проживатьstette un anno fuori del paese — он пробыл год вдали от родины5) находиться, быть (в определённом месте, положении или состоянии)stare in piedi — стоять на ногахnon stare in sé dalla gioia — быть вне себя от радости6) чувствовать себя, поживатьstare bene a quattrini — хорошо зарабатывать, иметь достаточно денег, не нуждатьсяcome stiamo a...? разг. — как у нас с... (напр. с деньгами, квартирой?)7) подходить, годитьсяcome mi sta...? разг. — как мне (идёт)...?ti sta male agire così — тебе не к лицу / не годится, не пристало так поступать8) состоять, заключаться; ( в значении) (essere,) ( также с) (in + inf)riferire i fatti come stanno — изложить всё как есть / действительное положение делsta di fatto che... — фактически..., действительно..., (это) факт, что...stando così le cose... — в виду того, что...; поскольку так обстоит дело...; согласно положению дел...stare simpatico / antipatico диал. — быть симпатичным / несимпатичнымtutto sta nel guadagnare il tempo — главное - это выиграть времяil fatto sta che non l'ho visto — дело в том, что я его не видел9) помещаться, вмещаться, входить, содержатьсяquanto ne sta in un bicchiere — сколько входит в стаканnon stare in sé (da...) — быть вне себя (от...)10) служить, работать; заниматься ( чем-либо)11) стоить, обходитьсяa quanto sta... oggi? — сколько сегодня стоит...?12) (a) мат. относиться10 sta a 2 come 15 a 3 — 10 относится к двум, как 15 к трём13) (с предлогом a + inf, а также + gerundio другого глагола означает длительность действия)stare a divertirsi — весело проводить время14) (частица si придаёт глаголу большую выразительность, а в сочетании с ne появляется значение спокойствия, отсутствия действия) пребывать, находиться•- stare a qc - stare a qd - stare in qd - stare con qd - stare contro qd - stare su qc - stare dietro a qd - stare dietro a qc - stare per - starciSyn:abitare, star di casa, dimorare, risiedere, soggiornare, stazionare, stanziare; aver residenza / domicilio / sede; collocarsi, piantarsi, restare, ristare, esser presenteAnt: -
128 curo
cūro (altlat. coiro u. coero), āvī, ātum, āre (cura), etw. sich angelegen sein lassen, I) im allg., etw. sich angelegen sein lassen, sich um etw. od. jmd. bekümmern, für etw. od. jmd. Sorge (Fürsorge) tragen, sorgen, etw. besorgen (Ggstz. neglegere), α) m. Acc., u. zwar teils m. Acc. einer Sache, c. haec, Ter.: istaec non c., Cic.: sic enim decet, te mea curare, tua me, Cic.: c. domi forisque omnia, Sall.: negat quicquam deos nec alieni curare nec sui, Cic.: c. aliena, Ter.: negotia aliena, Cic.: mandatum, vollziehen, Cic.: sociorum iniurias, Sall.: non c. animi conscientiam, Cic.: c. preces alcis, Hor.: nihil omnino c., ganz indifferent (gegen alles gleichgültig) sein, Cic.: alia od. aliud cura, darum kümmere dich nicht, darum sei außer Sorge, Plaut. u. Ter. (s. Ussing Plaut. asin. 106): neben potin aliam rem ut cures, Plaut. – praeter animum nihil c., alles andere unbeachtet lassen, Cic.: periuria nihil c., sich nichts machen aus usw., Catull.: c. haec diligenter, Cic.: praeceptum diligenter c., einer Vorschrift pünktlich nachkommen, Nep.: eam rem studiose c., Cornif. rhet.: studiosissime omnia diligentissimeque c., Cic.: huic mandes, si quid recte curatum velis, Ter. – rem alienam periculo suo c., Sall. – duabus his artibus... se remque publicam curabant, wahrten sie das eigene u. des Staates Interesse, Sall. Cat. 9, 3. – teils m. Acc. einer Person, quis enim potest, cum existimet, se curari a deo, non et dies et noctes divinum numen horrere? Cic.: etiam hic mihi curandus est? auch um diesen soll ich mich bekümmern? Cic.: curate istam diligenter virginem, nehmt die J. gut in acht, Ter. – β) m. Acc. u. dem Gerundivum, besorgen lassen, in Sicilia frumentum emendum et ad urbem mittendum c., Cic.: epistulam alci referendam c., fasciculum ad alqm perferendum c., Cic.: ex eo auro buculam c. faciendam, Cic.: ex ea pecunia... basilicam faciendam c., Liv.: pontem in Arare faciendum c., Caes.: longis navibus exercitum transportandum c., Caes.: c. alqm docendum equo armisque, Liv.: eum per simulationem colloquii c. interficiendum, Hirt. b. G. – γ) m. Acc. u. Partic. Perf. Pass., inventum tibi curabo et mecum adductum tuum Pamphilum, ich will schon machen, daß ich finde usw., Ter. Andr. 684. – δ) m. Infin. = es sich angelegen sein lassen, dafür sorgen, sich ein Geschäft daraus machen, darauf denken od. bedachtsein, suchen, nihil Romae geritur, quod te putem scire curare, Cic. ep. 9, 10, 1: mando tibi, uti cures lustrare, Cato r. r. 141: tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis, Hor.: multa exemplaria contracta emendare curavit, Suet.: curavi equidem abolere orationem, Fronto. – bes. oft non (nec) curare = sich nicht die Mühe nehmen, nicht mögen, sich weigern, in Siciliam ire non curat, Cic.: neque sane redire curavit, Cic.: id ad me referre non curat, Cic.: itaque ea nolui scribere, quae nec indocti intellegere possent nec docti legere curarent, Cic.: qui ista nec didicissent nec omnino scire curassent, Cic.: nec revocare situs aut iungere carmina curat, Verg.: in negativem Sinn, quis ignorat, qui modo umquam mediocriter res istas scire curavit, Cic. Flacc. 64. – tantum abest, ut Antonii suspicionem fugere nunc curem,...ut mihi causa ea sit, cur Romam venire nolim ne illum videam, Cic. – ε) mit Acc. u. Infin. Act., Persium non curo legere (mir liegt nichts daran, daß mich P. liest), Laelium Decumum volo, Lucil. 593 ( bei Cic. de or. 2, 25). – gew. im Acc. u. Infin. Pass., neque vero haec inter se congruere possent, ut natura et procreari vellet et diligi procreatos non curaret, Cic. de fin. 3, 62: symbolos proponi et saxis proscribi curat, Iustin. 2, 12, 2 (u. so auch Iustin. 3, 5, 12). – ζ) m. Nom. u. Infin., ego capitis mei periculo patriam liberavi, vos liberi sine periculo esse non curatis, Cornif. rhet. 4, 66. – η) m. folg. ut od. ne od. ut ne u. Konj. od. m. bl. Konj. (s. Lachm. Lucr. 6, 231), adhuc curavi unum hoc quidem, ut mihi esset fides, Ter.: ex coriis utres uti fierent, curavit, Sall.: pollicitus sum curaturum me Bruti causā, ut ei Salaminii pecuniam solverent, Cic.: curare et perficere, ut etc., Cic.: sic tibi persuade, me dies et noctes nihil aliud agere, nihil curare, nisi ut mei cives salvi liberi-que sint, Cic.: u. so in Briefen, cura, ut valeas, Cic.: tu velim in primis cures, ut valeas, Cic.: tu etiam atque etiam cura, ut valeas, Cic.: cura ergo potissimum, ut valeas, Cic.: cura igitur nihil aliud, nisi ut valeas; cetera ego curabo, Cic.: nec quicquam cures, nisi ut valeas, Cic.: cura igitur, ut quam primum venias, Cic.: cura et effice, ut ab omnibus et laudemur et amemur, Cic. – senatus nobis, qui pro consulibus sumus, negotium de-derat, ut curaremus, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet, Cic.: curavi, ne quis metueret, Cic.: amari iucundum est, si curetur, ne quid insit amari, Cornif. rhet.: praetor curavit, ut Romae ne essent, Suet. – m. bl. Coni., curare domi sint gerdius, ancillae, pueri, zonarius, textor, Lucil. 1056 sq.: ne illa quidem curo mihi scribas, quae etc., Cic. ep. 2, 8, 1: imprimat his, cura, Maecenas signa tabellis, Hor. sat. 2, 6, 38 (vgl. Hor. carm. 1, 38, 5): iam curabo sentiat, quos attentarit, Phaedr. 5, 2, 6: curabo, iam tibi Iovis iratus sit, Petron. 58, 2: u. so Petr. 58, 7; 69, 1; 74, 17. Fronto de eloqu. 1. p. 145, 1 N. – θ) m. folg. quod (daß) u. Indikativ, nam quod strabonus est, non curo, Petron. 68, 8. – ι) m. folg. Relativsatz od. Fragesatz, cura quae iussi atque abi, Plaut.: ego quae ad tuam dignitatem pertinere arbitror summo studio diligentiāque curabo, Cic.: non curo, an isti suspicionibus relinquantur, Plin. ep. 6, 31, 11. – κ) m. Dat. (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 1057. Dehler Tert. apol. 46 u. die Auslgg. zu Apul. de deo Socr. 2), rebus publicis, rebus alienis, Plaut.: otio hominum, Fronto: rebus eius absentis, Gell.: saluti suae, Tert.: rebus meis, Apul. – λ) m. (gräzisierendem) Genet., corporis curata (Psyche), Apul. 5, 2: virginitatis, Apul. met. 5, 4. – μ) m. pro u. Abl., ego pro me et pro te curabo, Plaut.: non te pro his curasse rebus, ne quid aegre esset mihi? Ter. – ν) m. de u. Abl., Quintus de emendo nihil curat hoc tempore, denkt nicht an das K., Cic.: omnino de tota re, ut mihi videtur, sapientius faceres, si non curares, Cic.: vides, quanto hoc diligentius curem quam aut de rumore aut de Pollione, Cic.: quasi vero curent divina (die Gottheit) de servis, Macr. sat. 1, 11, 1: noli curare de palea, Augustin. serm. 5, 3. – ο) absol., in Briefen, sed amabo te, cura et cogita, tecum loquere etc., Cic.: quia sum Romae et quia curo attendoque, Cic. – und bei den Komik. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 171), D. omnia apparata iam sunt intus. S. curasti bene, Ter.: bene curassis, sei ohne Sorge, Plaut.: curabo, Ter.: curabitur, es wird besorgt werden, Ter.: quemadmodum adstitit severā fronte curans (sorgend), cogitans, Plaut.
II) insbes.: 1) die Pflege von etw. besorgen = etw. mit Sorgfalt behandeln, -ziehen, abwarten, warten, pflegen, putzen (abputzen), griech. θεραπεύειν, a) übh.: c. domos, herausputzen, Petron. 71, 7: vestimenta c. et polire (v. Walker), Ulp. dig. 47, 2, 12 pr. – als t.t. der Landw., vineam, Col.: vitem falce, ausputzen, Plin.: apes, Col. – als mediz. t.t., reinigen, bes. im Partiz. curatus ( wie τεθεραπευμένος und noch heute italien. curato), zB. sevum vitulinum curatum, Cels.: cadmia curata, Cels. – u. als t.t. der Kochkunst, putzen, säubern, ante curatae rapae, Apic. 1, 24. – b) den Körper usw. durch Kämmen, Waschen, Baden, durch Speise u. Trank warten und pflegen, erquicken, bewirten, c. corpus, Lucr. u.a., oft als milit. t.t. mit u. ohne cibo, vino et cibo, cibo somnoque, Liv. u. Curt. (s. Drak. u. Fabri Liv. 21, 54, 2. Mützell Curt. 3, 8 [21], 22): c. membra, cutem, pelliculam, seine Gl., seine H. pflegen = sich gütlich tun, sich's wohl sein lassen, Hor. u.a. (s. Schmid Hor. ep. 1, 2, 29): c. alqm (zB. einen Gast), Tibull. u.a. (s. Dissen Tibull. 1, 5, 33): parentem suum (von Töchtern), Plaut.: dominum, aufmerksam bedienen, Plaut.: amicos suos, bewirten, Plaut.: c. se, nos,Ter. u. Cic.: verb. reficere se et c., Cic.: c. se molliter, Ter.: c. se suamque aetatem, Plaut.: c. genium, s. genius. – Passiv, curari mollius, Komik.: curati cibo, cibo vinoque, Liv.: ut ante lucem viri equique curati pransi essent, Liv.: sic (pulli anserini) curati circiter duobus mensibus pingues fiunt, Varro. – Partiz. Präs. im Zshg. absol., zB. iumentum e manibus curantium (seiner Wärter) elapsum, Liv. – bes. von der Haarpflege, curatus inaequali tonsore capillos, schief geschnitten das Haar, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 94. – c) einen Kranken, ein Übel, eine Krankheit usw. warten, abwarten,pflegen, v. Arzt = behandeln, heilen ( kurieren ), operieren (s. Mützell Curt. 3, 5 [13], 12), c. corpora, Cic.: c. alqm, Cic. u.a.: regis filiam, Sen.: ipsi se curare non possunt, Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: curari non posse, Caes.: is, qui curatur, der Patient, Cels. – c. reduviam, Cic.: ulcus, Cels. u. Sen.: vulnus, Liv.: morbum, febrem, Cels.: curari se pati, Cic.: obligari curarique se pati, Suet.: qui ferrum medici prius quam curetur (operiert wird) aspexit, Cels.: c. alqm od. se diligenter, Cic.: alqm graviter aegrum c. diligentissime, Ter. u. Cic.: alqm magna cum cura, Plaut.: c. alqm leniter, Cic.: curari aegre, aliter, celeriter, commodissime, facile, difficilius, difficillime (v. Übeln), Cels.: curari recte, perperam (v. Pers.), Cels.: curari se fortiter pati (v. Pers.), Liv.: ictus parum bene curatus, Cels.: adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur, Cic.: curari arbitrio suo (v. Pers.), Curt.: curari neque manu (durch chirurgische Hilfe) neque medicamentis posse (v. einem Übel), Cels.: curari scalpello, ferro, mit dem Messer operiert werden (von Pers.), Cels.: vinolentis quibusdam medicaminibus solere curari (v. Pers.), Cic.: frigidis (mit kalten Umschlägen) curari se pati (v. Pers.), Suet.: c. morbos victu (durch Diät), Cels.: c. morbos remediis, Cels.: c. graviores morbos asperis remediis, Curt.: c. oculos sanguinis detractione, oculos vino, Cels.: c. alcis valetudinem, Apul.: c. vulnus suturā, Cels. – absol., c.tuto, celeriter, iucunde (v. einem Arzte), Cels.: tertiam esse medicinae partem, quae manu (durch Manualhilfe) curet, Cels.: medicus, qui curandi finem fecerit, Quint. – Partiz. subst., cūrāns, antis, m., der Behandelnde = der Arzt, zB. plurimi sub alterutro curantis errore moriuntur, Cels. 3, 8. – d) jmdm. seine Achtung und Verehrung an den Tag legen, jmd. ehren, verehren, jmdm. huldigen, den Hof machen (griech. θεραπεύειν), c. delicatos, Spart. Hadr. 4, 5: curatur a multis, timetur a pluribus, Plin. ep. 1, 5, 15. – eum ultra Romanorum ac mortalium etiam morem curabant exornatis aedibus per aulaea et signa scaenisque ad ostentationem histrionum fabricatis, Sall. hist. fr. 2, 23, 2 (2, 29, 2).
2) die Herrichtung von etwas besorgen, etw. herrichten, herrichten lassen, a) als t.t. der Wirtschaftsspr.: c. cibum (v. Koch), Varro LL.: c. cenam, obsonium (v. Hausherrn), Plaut.: cenulam omnibus, Gell.: ludis Martialibus c. triclinium sacerdotum (vom Anordner), Suet. – absol., wie unser schaffen, curate istic vos, Plaut.: bene curasti, Ter. – b) als publiz. t.t., IIII vir viarum curandarum, des Wegebaues, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 1874. – c) als t.t. der Religionsspr., sacra (griech. θεραπεύειν τὰ ἱερά), Cic.: non rite id sacrum, Liv.: sacra Cereris per Graecas semper curata sunt sacerdotes, Cic. – c. prodigia, nach den gesetzlichen Vorschriften (durch Anordnung von Hühnopfern usw.), Liv. 1, 20, 7. – d) wie κηδεύειν = eine Leiche (deren Waschung, Einbalsamierung, Bestattung) besorgen, funus, Ter.: corpus exanimum, Curt.: corpus Alexandri suo more (von den Chaldäern), Curt.: cadaver, Suet. Vgl. Ruhnken Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 83.
3) die Herbeischaffung von etw. besorgen, a) etw. durch Kauf besorgen, signa, quae nobis curasti, ea sunt ad Caietam exposita. Te multum amamus, quod ea abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt, Cic. ad Att. 1, 3, 2. – b) eine Geldsumme besorgen, ( herbei) schaffen, auszahlen, auszahlen lassen, iube sodes nummos curari, Cic.: Minucium XII sola (nur 12000 Sesterze) curasse scripsi ad te antea; quod superest, velim videas, ut curetur, Cic. – m. Dat. (wem?), Oviae C. Lollii curanda sunt HS C (100000 Sesterze), Cic.: redemptori tuo dimidium pecuniae curavit, Cic.: me, cui iussisset, curaturum, ich würde auf seine Anweisung Zahlung leisten lassen, Cic.: cum aeris alieni aliquantum esset relictum, quibus nominibus (für welche Schuldposten) pecuniam Romae curari oporteret, auctionem se in Gallia facturum esse proscribit earum rerum, quae ipsius erant privatae, Cic. – m. nomine u. Genet., erat enim curata nobis pecunia Valerii mancipis nomine, Cic. – m. pro u. Abl., L. Cincio HS CCI
CCI CCC pro signis Megaricis curavi, Cic.: ut pro eo frumento pecunia Romae legatis eorum curaretur, Liv.4) die Verwaltung, Leitung von etwas besorgen, a) übh.: res rationesque eri, Plaut. Pseud. 626 sq.: c. pensa ac domos (vgl. κομίζειν δῶμα, Hom.), v. den Hausfrauen, Mela 1. § 57. – dah. poet., c. alqm, jmd. besorgen = abgeben, machen, pastorem ad baculum possum curare, Prop. 4, 2, 39. – b) als publiz. u. milit. t. t., einen Zivil- od. Militärposten verwalten, leiten, befehligen (kommandieren; vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 24, 11), res Romae, Liv.: Asiam, Achaiam, Tac.: bellum maritimum, Liv.: superioris Germaniae legiones, Tac. – absol. = die Leitung haben, befehligen (kommandieren), operieren, c. Romae, Tac.: c. in ea parte, in postremo, Sall.: apud dextumos, Sall.: comitate quādam curandi provinciam tenuit, Tac.: ubi quisque legatus aut tribunus curabat, Sall. Vgl. übh. die Auslgg. zu Sall. Cat. 59, 3. – / Archaist. Coni. Perf. curassis, Plaut. most. 526 u.a.: curassint, Plaut. Poen. prol. 27. – Paragog. Infin. Praes. Pass. curarier, Plaut. capt. 737 u. Poen. prol. 80. Hor. ep. 2, 2, 151. Ser. Samm. 98. – arch. Nbf. a) couro, wov. couraverunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1419. – b) coero, wov. coeret, Cic. de legg. 3, 10: coeravit, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 600. 604 u. 605: coeraverunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 570 u. 8, 68: coerare, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 2. p. 1187: coerari, coerandi, Cic. de legg. 3, 10. – c) coiro, wov. coiravit, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 801 u. 1166: coiraverunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 565 u. 1116: coiravere, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 566 u. 567, synk. coirarunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1478. – d) coro, wov. coraveront, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 73.
См. также в других словарях:
venire — [lat. vĕnire ] (pres. indic. vèngo, vièni, viène, veniamo, venite, vèngono ; pres. cong. vènga, veniamo, veniate, vèngano ; imperat. vièni, venite ; fut. verrò, ecc.; condiz. verrèi, ecc.; pass. rem. vénni, venisti... vénnero ; part. pres.… … Enciclopedia Italiana
venire — 1ve·nì·re v.intr. (io vèngo; essere) FO 1. recarsi nel luogo dove si trova o dove va la persona con cui si parla o la persona che parla: verrà a trovarmi in montagna, vieni a casa mia, venite con noi?, veniva lentamente verso di noi; far venire… … Dizionario italiano
bene — 1bè·ne avv., inter. FO 1a. avv., in modo corretto, opportuno, soddisfacente rispetto a un criterio di valutazione di volta in volta morale, pratico, tecnico, ecc.: comportarsi, parlare, lavorare bene, fare bene qcs., funzionare bene, digerire… … Dizionario italiano
Liste de locutions latines — Cet article contient une liste de locutions latines présentée par ordre alphabétique. Pour des explications morphologiques et linguistiques générales, consulter l article : Expression latine. Sommaire A B … … Wikipédia en Français
andare — andare1 [etimo incerto; nella coniugazione, il tema and si alterna in alcune forme con il tema vad dal lat. vadĕre andare ] (pres. indic. vado [tosc. o lett. vo, radd. sint.], vai, va [radd. sint.], andiamo, andate, vanno ; pres. cong. vada, vada … Enciclopedia Italiana
fare — fà·re v.tr. e intr., s.m. FO I. v.tr. I 1a. compiere, eseguire: fare un gesto, un passo; fare una risata, un viaggio; fare un sogno; unito a sostantivi forma costrutti verbali: fare compere, acquisti; fare colazione, merenda; fare la doccia, fare … Dizionario italiano
vedere — /ve dere/ [dal lat. vidēre ] (pres. indic. védo [lett. véggo, ant. o poet. véggio ], védi [ant. véi, vé ], véde, vediamo [ant. o poet. veggiamo ], vedéte, védono [lett. véggono, ant. o poet. véggiono ]; pres. cong. io, tu, egli véda [lett. végga … Enciclopedia Italiana
riuscire — [der. di uscire, col pref. ri ] (coniug. come uscire : io rièsco, tu rièsci, ecc.). ■ v. intr. (aus. essere ) 1. [uscire di nuovo, anche con la prep. da : r. da casa ; r. dopo cena ] ▶◀ ‖ riandarsene. ◀▶ rientrare (a), ritornare (a), rivenire… … Enciclopedia Italiana
cadere — ca·dé·re v.intr., s.m. (essere) FO 1a. v.intr., scendere, precipitare dall alto verso il basso portato dal proprio peso: cadere nel vuoto, cadere a, in, per terra, cadere dal tetto, cadere di, da cavallo, gli è caduta una tegola in testa, cadere… … Dizionario italiano
tornare — [lat. tornare lavorare al tornio, far girare sul tornio ] (io tórno, ecc.). ■ v. intr. (aus. essere ) 1. a. [avviarsi, essere diretti al luogo da cui si era partiti o da cui ci si era allontanati, con le prep. a, in o assol.: t. in città ; t. al… … Enciclopedia Italiana
meno — / meno/ [lat. mĭnus, neutro (con valore avv.) di minor, compar. di parvus piccolo ]. ■ avv. 1. a. [comparativo di minoranza di poco : vorrei spendere m. ; lavorare m. ] ◀▶ di più. ● Espressioni (con uso fig.): fare a meno (di qualcuno o qualcosa) … Enciclopedia Italiana
