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81 Porta, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) della
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. between 3 October and 15 November 1535 Vico Equense, near Naples, Italyd. 4 February 1615 Naples, Italy[br]Italian natural philosopher who published many scientific books, one of which covered ideas for the use of steam.[br]Giambattista della Porta spent most of his life in Naples, where some time before 1580 he established the Accademia dei Segreti, which met at his house. In 1611 he was enrolled among the Oziosi in Naples, then the most renowned literary academy. He was examined by the Inquisition, which, although he had become a lay brother of the Jesuits by 1585, banned all further publication of his books between 1592 and 1598.His first book, the Magiae Naturalis, which covered the secrets of nature, was published in 1558. He had been collecting material for it since the age of 15 and he saw that science should not merely represent theory and contemplation but must arrive at practical and experimental expression. In this work he described the hardening of files and pieces of armour on quite a large scale, and it included the best sixteenth-century description of heat treatment for hardening steel. In the 1589 edition of this work he covered ways of improving vision at a distance with concave and convex lenses; although he may have constructed a compound microscope, the history of this instrument effectively begins with Galileo. His theoretical and practical work on lenses paved the way for the telescope and he also explored the properties of parabolic mirrors.In 1563 he published a treatise on cryptography, De Furtivis Liter arum Notis, which he followed in 1566 with another on memory and mnemonic devices, Arte del Ricordare. In 1584 and 1585 he published treatises on horticulture and agriculture based on careful study and practice; in 1586 he published De Humana Physiognomonia, on human physiognomy, and in 1588 a treatise on the physiognomy of plants. In 1593 he published his De Refractione but, probably because of the ban by the Inquisition, no more were produced until the Spiritali in 1601 and his translation of Ptolemy's Almagest in 1605. In 1608 two new works appeared: a short treatise on military fortifications; and the De Distillatione. There was an important work on meteorology in 1610. In 1601 he described a device similar to Hero's mechanisms which opened temple doors, only Porta used steam pressure instead of air to force the water out of its box or container, up a pipe to where it emptied out into a higher container. Under the lower box there was a small steam boiler heated by a fire. He may also have been the first person to realize that condensed steam would form a vacuum, for there is a description of another piece of apparatus where water is drawn up into a container at the top of a long pipe. The container was first filled with steam so that, when cooled, a vacuum would be formed and water drawn up into it. These are the principles on which Thomas Savery's later steam-engine worked.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of Scientific Biography, 1975, Vol. XI, New York: C.Scribner's Sons (contains a full biography).H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains an account of his contributions to the early development of the steam-engine).C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History of Technology, Vol. III, Oxford University Press (contains accounts of some of his other discoveries).I.Asimov (ed.), 1982, Biographical Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology, 2nd edn., New York: Doubleday.G.Sarton, 1957, Six wings: Men of Science in the Renaissance, London: Bodley Head, pp. 85–8.RLH / IMcNBiographical history of technology > Porta, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) della
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82 display
1) визуальное воспроизведение, визуальное представление; отображение ( информации); индикация || воспроизводить; отображать2) изображение || изображать3) воспроизводящее устройство; видеотерминал; устройство отображения ( информации), дисплей; индикатор, индикаторное устройство; транспарант; табло4) показ, демонстрация || выставлять, показывать5) витрина; рекламная стойка6) выделение особым шрифтом || выделять особым шрифтом7) полигр. акцидентная продукция•control and display — 1. управление и индикация 2. пульт управления и индикации;to manipulate displays in real-time — манипулировать изображением в реальном (масштабе) времени-
active display
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addressable display
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airborne display
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all-digital display
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alphanumeric display
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alphameric display
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animated display
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axis position display
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beam-addressed display
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bimodal display
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bit-mapped display
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bit-map display
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black-and-white display
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boxed display
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call display
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calligraphic display
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cathode-luminescent display
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cathode-ray tube display
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channel display
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character display
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cockpit display
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color display
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command and control display
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compensatory tracking display
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composite display
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computed display
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computer display
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control code display
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CRT display
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dark trance display
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data display
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deflection-modulated display
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density altitude display
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dial display
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digital data display
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digital display
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direct display
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direct driven display
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directed-beam display
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Doppler-range display
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dot/bar display
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dot-matrix display
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dynamic display
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electrochromic display
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electroluminescent display
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electronic display
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electronic typewriter display
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electrooptic display
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electrophoretic image display
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electrophoretic display
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eye display
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faceplate display
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fault display
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ferroelectric ceramic display
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ferroelectric display
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flat panel display
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flicker-free display
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flight information display
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flight progress display
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fluorescent display
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full page display
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gas discharge display
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gas panel display
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gas plasma display
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graphical display
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graphic display
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great display
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group display
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half-page display
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hard copy display
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head-up projection display
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head-up display
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helmet-mounted display
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helmet display
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high-density display
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holographic display
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horizontal scroll display
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image display
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incremental display
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index display
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in-line display
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in-picture display
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integrated display
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intelligent display
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intensity-modulated display
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interactive display
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keyboard display
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kinesthetic-tactual display
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lamp display
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landscape display
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laser-beam display
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laser display
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legible display
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light display
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light valve display
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light-emitting diode display
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linearly deformed display
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line-drawing display
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liquid-crystal display
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magnetic particles display
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makeup display
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matrix display
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matrix-addressed display
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mechanically refrigerated display
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memory-mapped display
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message display
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meter display
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mirror display
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mixed display
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monitor display
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monochrome display
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multicolor display
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multipage display
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navigation display
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n-bit display
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n-character display
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nonflickering display
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numeric display
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on-screen display
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oscilloscope display
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overlay display
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panel display
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panoramic display
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passive display
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pictorial display
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piezoelectric display
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pip-matching display
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plasma-discharge display
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plasma display
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plotting projection display
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portrait display
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process status display
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projected display
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projection display
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radar display
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radially deformed display
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random-point display
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random display
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range-altitude display
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range-azimuth display
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range-height display
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raster display
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raster scan display
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rectangular coordinate display
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reflective-mode display
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reflective display
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refrigerated display
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remote display
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remote viewing display
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scan-converted radar display
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scanned display
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scroll display
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sector display
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segment display
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self-contained refrigerated display
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self-cycling display
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self-shift plasma display
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side destination display
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signal display
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specular display
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state display
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stereo display
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storage display
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superimposed panoramic radar display
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tabular display
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television display
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textual display
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text display
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thin window display
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three-dimensional display
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three-dimension display
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time-height display
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touch-sensitive display
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touch display
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two-dimensional display
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two-dimension display
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undeformed display
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vacuum fluorescent display
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variable-area display
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variable-density display
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vector display
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velocity-azimuth display
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vertical scroll display
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video display
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visible display
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visual display
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wall-board display
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wall display
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wiggle-line display
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wiggle display
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windshield display
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X-Y matrix display -
83 gap
1) зазор; просвет; промежуток; щель; интервал; разрыв2) матем. лакуна3) люфт•gap between tanks — (противопожарный) разрыв между резервуарами ( на нефтебазе)-
air gap
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annular gap
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arc gap
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armature gap
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back gap
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band gap
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block gap
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breaker point gap
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buncher gap
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bushing spark gap
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catcher gap
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chopping gap
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closing gap
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cloud gap
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communication gap
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contact gap
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coordinating gap
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crushing gap
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cylinder gap
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deion gap
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differential gap
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direct band gap
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direct gap
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discharge gap
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distributed gap
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electrochemical machining gap
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electrochemical gap
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electrode gap
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energy gap
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expansion gap
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expulsion gap
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external gap
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file gap
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fit-up gap
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flashing gap
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forbidden gap
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front gap
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gaseous gap
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gas-filled spark gap
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glow gap
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graded band gap
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grinding gap
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head gap
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horn gap
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information gap
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input gap
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insulating gap
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interaction gap
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interblock gap
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interelectrode gap
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interface gap
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interrecord gap
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ion spark gap
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isolating gap
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joint gap
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keying gap
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lightning gap
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magnet gap
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magnetic-head gap
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main gap
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measuring spark gap
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metallization gap
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needle-point spark gap
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needle spark gap
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oil filled spark gap
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optical band gap
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outer gap
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output gap
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overvoltage gap
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point spark gap
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pole gap
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pressurized spark gap
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protective spark gap
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protector gap
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proximity gap
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quenched spark gap
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quenched gap
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rail joint gap
-
rear gap
-
record gap
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rod gap
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roll gap
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root gap
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rotary gap
-
safety gap
-
shrink-off gap
-
spark gap
-
specific gap
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sphere gap
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starter gap
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stator-to-rotor gap
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surge gap
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switching spark gap
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technical gap
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terminal gap
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tile-to-tile gap
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time gap
-
trigger gap
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triggered spark gap
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untriggered spark gap
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vacuum gap
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vertical interval gap
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wedge gap
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word gap
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working interelectrode gap -
84 loss
1) потеря; (мн. ч.) потери3) затухание, ослабление4) срыв ( в следящих системах)5) вчт. проигрыш6) ущерб; убыток•losses by slagging — потери со шлаком;losses by splashing — потери со всплесками;loss on ignition — потери при прокаливании;loss of auxiliary power — потеря вспомогательных источников энергоснабженияloss of circulation — поглощение бурового раствораloss of load — отключение нагрузки; сброс нагрузкиloss of lock rate — нарушение синхронизма, выпадение из синхронизмаloss of phase — 1. отключение (обрыв) фазы 2. выпадение из синхронизма, нарушение синхронизмаloss of synchronism — нарушение синхронизма, выпадение из синхронизма-
absorption loss
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accumulated loss
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activation loss
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active return loss
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added loss
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additional iron loss
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aircraft control loss
-
airscrew slip loss
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alternating hysteresis loss
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altitude loss
-
antenna-to-medium coupling loss
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aperture loss
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apparent power loss
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arc-drop loss
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ashpit loss
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atmospheric evaporation loss
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attenuation loss
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attrition loss
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avoidable loss
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backwash loss
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baking loss
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balance return loss
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banking loss
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bearing friction loss
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bending loss
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bit loss
-
bleeding loss of greases
-
boil-off losses
-
branching loss
-
breathing loss
-
bridging loss
-
brush contact resistance loss
-
brush friction loss
-
bulk resistive loss
-
burn-off loss
-
cable loss
-
canal loss
-
capacitor loss
-
capacity loss
-
carbon loss
-
carpet loss
-
choke loss
-
circulating current loss
-
circulating loss
-
cladding loss
-
clad loss
-
coil loss
-
cold loss
-
commutator loss
-
component loss
-
compression loss
-
conduction loss
-
connection loss
-
constant loss
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contact loss
-
convection loss
-
convective loss
-
conversion loss
-
conveyance loss
-
cooling loss
-
copper loss
-
core loss
-
corona power loss
-
corrosion loss
-
counting loss
-
coupling loss
-
current loss
-
diameter loss
-
dielectric absorption loss
-
dielectric loss
-
dielectric hysteresis loss
-
directional control loss
-
discharge loss
-
dispersion loss
-
dissipation loss
-
dissipative loss
-
distillation loss
-
distribution loss
-
divergence loss
-
dot loss
-
draft loss
-
dust loss
-
dusting loss
-
early loss
-
echo return loss
-
eddy-current loss
-
edge loss
-
elastic loss
-
electric loss
-
end loss
-
entrance loss
-
equivalent power loss
-
evaporation loss
-
evaporative loss
-
excitation loss
-
exit loss
-
external beat loss
-
fiber loss
-
field I2R loss
-
filling loss
-
filter loss
-
fixed loss
-
flow loss
-
form loss
-
free-space loss
-
Fresnel loss
-
friction loss
-
fuel tank loss
-
gap loss
-
generation losses
-
gyromagnetic resonance loss
-
harmonic tooth-ripple loss
-
head loss
-
head-to-tape spacing loss
-
heat loss
-
heat-leak loss
-
hysteresis loss
-
I2R loss
-
idling loss
-
implementation loss
-
incremental hysteresis loss
-
incremental losses
-
individual process loss
-
induction loss
-
in-process loss
-
insertion loss
-
instrument wall loss
-
insulation loss
-
interaction loss
-
intermodulation loss
-
interstage loss
-
intrinsic loss
-
inverse loss
-
ionization loss
-
iron loss
-
irrigation loss
-
jacket loss
-
Joule's loss
-
kerf loss
-
keying loss
-
late loss
-
latent heat loss
-
leakage loss
-
light leakage loss
-
line loss
-
linewidth loss
-
link loss
-
load loss
-
magnetic hysteresis loss
-
magnetic iron loss
-
magnetic loss
-
mass loss
-
mechanical loss
-
melting loss
-
metal loss
-
milling loss
-
mining loss
-
mismatch loss
-
mode conversion loss
-
multipath loss
-
net loss
-
no-load loss
-
ohmic loss
-
oil stock loss
-
on-state power loss
-
open circuit loss
-
operational loss
-
optical loss
-
oven loss
-
overall loss
-
oxidational loss
-
partial mud loss
-
path loss
-
permeation loss of gasoline
-
piezoelectric loss
-
pipe bend loss
-
pipe loss
-
plasma loss
-
pointing loss
-
power loss
-
preparation loss
-
pressure loss
-
pressure rapid loss
-
process loss
-
propagation loss
-
pumping loss
-
radiant loss
-
radiation loss
-
reactive power loss
-
real loss
-
refining loss
-
reflection loss
-
refraction loss
-
refrigeration loss
-
regularity return loss
-
reject loss
-
relaxation loss
-
residual loss
-
resistance loss
-
resonance loss
-
restriction loss
-
return loss
-
rheostatic loss
-
roasting loss
-
rotational loss
-
rusting loss
-
salting loss
-
scattering loss
-
secondary loss
-
self-demagnetization loss
-
shadow loss
-
sheath loss
-
short-circuit loss
-
shrinkage loss
-
shutdown loss
-
signing return loss
-
slip loss
-
specific loss
-
spillover loss
-
splicing loss
-
spreading loss
-
stack loss
-
standby loss
-
standing evaporation loss
-
startup thermal loss
-
steady-state loss
-
storage loss
-
strand loss
-
stray-field loss
-
stray-load loss
-
supplementary loss
-
tailing loss
-
targeting loss
-
temperature loss
-
thickness loss
-
torque retention loss
-
total loss
-
tracking loss
-
transformer loss
-
transition loss
-
transmission line loss
-
transmission loss
-
treatment loss
-
tropospheric loss
-
turn-off power loss
-
vaporization loss
-
variable loss
-
volatilization loss
-
voltage loss
-
volt-ampere loss
-
volumetric loss
-
wall loss
-
warm-end loss
-
waste-heat loss
-
water loss
-
watt loss
-
weight loss
-
wheeling loss
-
windage loss -
85 lock
1) замок
2) заблокировать
3) законтривать
4) замок вязальной машины
5) замок-задвижка
6) запирание
7) затвор
8) контрить
9) контровочный
10) локон
11) <engin.> арретир
12) < railways>замычка
13) защелка
14) предохранитель
15) шлюз
16) стопорить
17) шлюзовать
18) замковый
– above lock
– actuator lock
– air lock
– azimuth lock
– ball lock
– bayonet lock
– bolt lock
– bottom of lock
– built-in lock
– burst-proof lock
– combination lock
– control-surface lock
– dial lock
– differential lock
– door lock
– double-lift lock
– downstream end of lock
– electric lock
– fish-passing lock
– flight lock
– gear lock
– hasp lock
– head lock
– ignition lock
– jibhead lock
– latch lock
– level lock
– leverless lock
– lock a nut
– lock AFC
– lock block
– lock canal
– lock gear
– lock mode
– lock on frequency
– lock on target
– lock pin
– lock ring
– lock rod
– lock the fluctuations
– lock the wheels
– lock unit
– lock washer
– mortise lock
– nap lock
– nut lock
– phase lock
– point lock
– rail lock
– safety lock
– shipping lock
– single-lane lock
– single-lift lock
– snap lock
– spring lock
– steering lock
– steering-wheel lock
– stow lock
– stowed lock
– tail lock
– tire lock
– towing lock
– upstream end of lock
– vacuum lock
– vapor lock
– Yale lock
azimuth stowing lock — стопор походного положения азимутальный
check lock lever — < railways> рукоятка междупостового замыкания
electric drawbridge lock — < railways> электрозамок разводного моста
electric indication lock — < railways> электрозащелка известительная, электрозащелка контрольная
elevation stowing lock — тормоз хранения наклона, тормоз хранения угла места
facing point lock — < railways> замок ригельный оконечный
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86 loss
1) потеря
2) кулаж
3) куляж
4) пропадание
5) убыль
6) убыток
7) утрачивание
8) затухание
9) проигрыш
10) гибель
11) утрата
– abrasion loss
– absorption loss
– accept loss
– at a loss
– bear loss
– bit loss
– breakage loss
– bulk loss
– cinder loss
– compensation of loss
– copper loss
– core loss
– corona loss
– corrosion loss
– cover loss
– dielectric loss
– diffractional loss
– eddy-current loss
– entail loss
– friction loss
– gap loss
– head loss
– hunting loss
– idling loss
– inherent loss
– insertion loss
– intake loss
– iron loss
– leakage loss
– load loss
– local loss
– loss angle
– loss current
– loss factor
– loss function
– loss in weight
– loss of an electron
– loss of charge
– loss of control
– loss of head
– loss of vacuum
– loss on ignition
– loss power
– loss tangent
– make up for loss
– melting loss
– no-load loss
– nozzle loss
– ore loss
– percentage loss
– power loss
– propagation loss
– recording loss
– reflection loss
– refraction loss
– relaxation loss
– repair loss
– reproducing loss
– resonance loss
– rolling loss
– scale loss
– sell at a loss
– signal loss
– stand-by loss
– throttling loss
– total loss
– ventilation loss
– viscous loss
– without loss
balance return loss — <commun.> коэффициент отражения баланса
dielectric loss factor — <electr.> коэффициент диэлектрических энергопотерь
dielectric loss index — <electr.> коэффициент диэлектрических энергопотерь
optical waveguide loss — потери в оптическом волноводе, потери в световоде
terminal return loss — <commun.> коэффициент отражения оконечной аппаратуры
without loss of generality — без потери общности, без ущерба для общности
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87 cylinder
'silində1) (a solid shape or object with a circular base and top and straight sides.) cilindro2) (any of several pieces of machinery of this shape, solid or hollow: The brake cylinder of his car is leaking.) cilindro3) (a container in the shape of a cylinder: two cylinders of oxygen.) cilindro•cylinder n cilindrotr['sɪlɪndəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (shape) cilindro2 (in engine) cilindro3 (for gas) bombona4 (of gun) tambor nombre masculinocylinder ['sɪləndər] n: cilindro mn.• cilindro s.m.'sɪləndər, 'sɪlɪndə(r)1) ( Math) cilindro m2)a) ( of engine) cilindro mb) ( container - for liquid gas) tanque m or (Esp) bombona f or (RPl) garrafa f or (Chi) balón mc) ( component - of gun) tambor m['sɪlɪndǝ(r)]1. N1) (=shape) cilindro m2) (Tech) cilindro m- fire on all cylinders2.CPDcylinder block N — bloque m de cilindros
cylinder capacity N — cilindrada f
cylinder head N — culata f de cilindro
cylinder head gasket N — junta f de culata
cylinder vacuum cleaner N — aspirador m de trineo
* * *['sɪləndər, 'sɪlɪndə(r)]1) ( Math) cilindro m2)a) ( of engine) cilindro mb) ( container - for liquid gas) tanque m or (Esp) bombona f or (RPl) garrafa f or (Chi) balón mc) ( component - of gun) tambor m -
88 pressure
давление; сжатие; прессование, прессовка absolute - абсолютное давление pressure actual - истинное давление pressure actuating - рабочее давление pressure air - давление воздуха, атмосферное давление pressure ambient - окружающее или внешнее давление, давление окружающей среды pressure atmospheric - атмосферное давление pressure axial - осевое давление pressure back - противодавление; обратное давление pressure barometric - барометрическое давление pressure bearing - опорное давление, псакция опоры pressure blast - (ударное) давление взрывной волны; давление дутья pressure boost - давление наддува или подкачки pressure capillary - капиллярное давление pressure combustion - давление при сгорании pressure delivery - напорное давление; давление нагнетания; давление «а выходе pressure differential - перепад давления, разность давлений; избыточное давление pressure directionless - (гидро) статическое давление pressure discharge - давление на выходе pressure dissociation - упругость (давление) диссоциации pressure dynamic(al) - динамическое давление, скоростной напор pressure effective - эффективное давление pressure entrance - давление на входе pressure equilibrium - равновесное давление pressure excess(ive) - избыточное давление (сверх атмосферного) pressure explosion - давление вспышки pressure face - давление на поверхность pressure fluid - давление текучей среды; гидростатическое давление pressure gas(eous) - давление газов pressure gauge - манометрическое (избыточное) давление pressure head - гидравлический напор pressure hose - давление в пожарном рукаве pressure hose-end - давление на выходе из рукава pressure hydraulic - гидравлическое давление pressure hydrostatic - гидростатическое давление pressure ignition - начальное давление при воспламенении, давление воспламенения pressure impact - динамическое давление; скоростной напор; ударная нагрузка pressure indicated - индикаторное давление; давление по прибору pressure inlet (intake) - давление на впуске (входе) pressure kinetic - динамическое давление; скоростной напор pressure liquid - давление в гидросистеме; давление (в точке) жидкости pressure local - местное давление pressure low - низкое давление pressure manifold - давление на всасывании (входе) pressure manometer - манометрическое (избыточное) давление pressure mercury - давление (выраженное высотой) ртутного столба pressure negative - отрицательное давление; давление ниже атмосферного, вакуумметрическое давление, разрежение pressure net pump - полезный напор насоса pressure operating - рабочее давление pressure opposite - противодавление pressure osmotic - осмотическое давление pressure outlet - давление на выпуске (выходе) pressure partial - парциальное давление pressure percolation - давление фильтрации pressure plug - давление в гидранте; давление в рукавах, подсоединенных к гидранту pressure pore - поровое давление pressure positive - положительное давление; давление выше атмосферного pressure potential - статический напор pressure pumping - давление нагнетания; напор насоса pressure ram - давление скоростного напора, динамическое давление, скоростной напор; полное давление pressure reaction - реактивное давление; давление в камере сгорания pressure relative - относительное давление pressure residual - остаточное давление pressure sea-level - давление на уровне моря pressure standard (atmosphere) - нормальное атмосферное давление (760 мм ртутного столба) pressure static - статическое давление pressure subatmospheric - давление ниже атмосферного, вакуумметрическое давление, разрежение pressure superatmospheric - давление выше атмосферного pressure surface - двухмерное (поверхностное) давление pressure surplus - избыточное давление pressure total (head) - полное (суммарное, результирующее) давление, полный напор pressure transitory - резкое повышение давления части газа, непосредственно примыкающей к фронту взрывной волны в условиях быстрого сгорания горючей смеси pressure unit - удельное давление pressure uplift - противодавление pressure upward - давление снизу вверх pressure upward hydrostatic - гидростатическое противодавление pressure vacuum gauge - вакуумметрическое давление pressure vapo(u)r - упругость (давление) пара pressure velocity - скоростной напор pressure water - гидравлическое давление pressure water column pressure - давление столба воды pressure wave - давление волны pressure wind - давление ветра pressure working - рабочее давление -
89 machine
1) машина; станок; двигатель; механизм3) машинный4) механически обрабатывать; обрабатывать на станке•machine for laying track ballast, panels and sleepers — машина для прокладки щебня для балластировки пути, путевых звеньев и шпал
- asphalt-placing machine - asphalt-spreading machine - auger brick machine - automatic arc welding machine - automatic setting machine - band-sawing machine - bending machine - bind machine - binding machine - bitumen melting, conveying and application machines for roofs - blade machine - blending machine - block machine - block-cutting machine - block-making machine - blue-printing machine - bolting machine - bolt-threading machine - borehole drilling machine - boring machine - boring and mortising machine - bottom-facing machine - box-hole boring machine - brick-moulding machine - Brinell's machine - brush machine - bucket-trenching machine - butt-welding machine - cable-dragging machine - cable-laying machine - calculating machine - cambering machine - capacity of a machine - caterpillar excavating machine - cement injection machine - cement testing machine - centrifugal machine - chain-and-tooth machine - clay-cutting machine - clay-working machine - cleaving machine - cold saw-cutting-off machine - component assembly machine - compression testing machine - concrete finishing machine - concrete smoothing machine - concrete spraying machine - concrete trowel machine - concrete vibratory machine - concreting machine - cooling machine - corrosion-fatigue testing machine - crane boom machine - crane-boring machine - crushing machine - cutting machine - dado-head machine - deairing machine - dependability of a machine operations - design of a machine - digging machine - direct stress machine - ditching machine - drawing machine - dredging machine - drill-ripping machine - dynamic machine - edge-grinding and polishing machine - excavating machine - excelsior cutting machine - extruding machine - fatigue testing machine - felling and milling machine - finishing machine - frozen-earth-excavating machine - gang-sawing machine - gas-welding machine - glass-washing machine - grooving machine - grouting machine - Guillery impact machine - gutters machine - hack-sawing machine - hand bending machine - handle attaching, screen printing, decal application machine - hardness testing machine - hoisting machine - hydraulic machine - hydraulic casing machine - idle time of a machine - impact machine - insulating tape winding machine - jarring machine - joint-cutting machine - jolt-moulding machine - jolt-ramming machine - knapping machine - kneading machine - knock-boring machine - lacerating machine - lazer-guided machine - lime hydrating machine - lining machine - loaded machine - magnetic pulsed arc welding machine - manner-type slaking machine - match-boarding machine - mixing machine - mortar-mixing machine - mortising slot machine - nail-driving machine - nailing machine - one head automatic arc welding machine - operational machine - packing machine - pavement-marking machine - paving machine - pavingstone-laying machine - percussion riveting machine - pile-drawing machine - pipe-bending machine - pipe-cleaning machine - pipe-cutting machine - pipe-laying machine - pipe-threading machine - pipe-welding machine - planing machine - plaster-floating and trowelling machine - plastering machine - plate-punching machine - polishing machine - power polymer concrete spraying machine for the road - pressure casting machine - profiling machine - ram impact machine - refrigerating machine - reinforcement welding machine - reinforcement winding machine - reversed torsion machine - road marking machine - rock-boring machine - roof bolting machine - rotating beam-type machine - rotating cantilever beam-type machine - scooping machine - scraper machine - screening machine - separating machine - service life of machine - sieving machine - skid proofing machine - slotting machine - soil-compacting machine - sorting machine - sounding machine - spinning machine - splitting machine - spot welding machine - spraying machine for road binders - standard machine capacity - stationary processing machine for sleepers and rails - stone-laying machine - strikeoff machine - stripper machine - synchronous machine - tensile-testing machine - testing machine - track lifting and slewing machine - trench-cutting machine - trenching machine - tunnelling machine - universal machine for track-laying - universal testing machine - unpiling machine - vibration machine - vibratory impact machine - welding machine - wire-winding machineto operate a machine — управлять машиной, работать на станке
* * *машина; станок; механизм; устройство; установка- absorption refrigerating machine
- absorption machine
- adsorption refrigerating machine
- adsorption machine
- air placing machine
- air refrigerating machine
- all-purpose machine
- ammonia refrigerating machine
- anchor machine
- automatic tamping and leveling machine
- axial piston machine
- backhoe tunneling machine
- bag filling machine
- bag packing machine
- ballast cleaning machine
- ballast dressing machine
- ballast screening machine
- ballast tamping machine
- bar bending machine
- bar-cropping machine
- basic machine
- bead-forming machine
- beam-molding machine
- bending machine
- bending testing machine
- bitumen spraying machine
- blasting machine
- block-making machine
- building material machines
- bulk-handling machines
- carrying and lifting machines
- casting machine
- centrifugal refrigerating machine
- Charpy impact machine
- cleaning priming and taping machine
- cold air machine
- combination floating-troweling machine
- compaction machine
- compression refrigerating machine
- compression testing machine
- concrete core drilling machine
- concrete finishing machine
- concrete molding machine
- concrete placing machine
- concrete vibrating machine
- construction machines
- creasing machine
- cribbing machine
- cutting-off machine
- ditching machine
- drafting machine
- drag scraper machine
- drilling machine
- drum digger tunneling machine
- duct forming machine
- excavating machines
- finishing machine
- flanging machine
- folding machine
- forming machine
- frost gritting machine
- gauging machine
- grinding machine
- grouting machine
- guniting machine
- hoisting machine
- Izod impact machine
- Izod machine
- joint grouting machine
- joint sealing machine
- laser-guided machine
- laydown machine
- laying and finishing machine
- lithium bromide refrigerating machine
- lockforming machine
- material handling machine
- materials testing machine
- material testing machine
- molding machine
- mortise machine
- padding machine
- pavement diamond core drilling machine
- pavement core drilling machine
- pendulum impact testing machine
- pendulum impact machine
- percussion riveting machine
- piling machine
- pipe-bending machine
- pipe-cutting machine
- pipelining machine
- pipemaking machine
- pipe threading machine
- plasma cutting machine
- pneumatic riveting machine
- pneumatic wood-boring machine
- polishing machine
- portable planing machine
- precast concrete machine
- rail-welding machine
- refrigerating machine
- road grooving machine
- rollforming machine
- rounding machine
- screeding machine
- seam closing machine
- self-propelled machine
- single rail-mounted machine
- slab-making machine
- slipforming machine
- soft ground tunneling machine
- spiking machine
- steam jet refrigerating machine
- stirrup bending machine
- strikeoff machine
- stump pulling machine
- swaging machine
- tamping machine
- tensile machine
- tensile-and-compression machine
- testing machine
- thread-cutting machine
- tile ditching machine
- towed machine
- tracked machine
- trenching machine
- triaxial compression machine
- troweling machine
- tunnel boring machine
- vacuum refrigeration machine
- vibrating machine
- vibrating and finishing machine
- vibroflot machine
- walk-behind machine
- wire winding machine
- wrapping machine -
90 pressure
1) давление; сжатие2) прессование, вдавливание•- active pressure - allowable pressure - allowable soil pressure - artesian pressure - atmospheric pressure - balance pressure - barometric pressure - base pressure - bearing pressure - collapsing pressure - contact pressure - design pressure - dynamic pressure - earth pressure - excess pressure - excessive pressure - exhaust pressure - extreme pressure - failure pressure - full pressure - gauge pressure - ground pressure - head pressure - high pressure - hydraulic pressure - hydrostatic pressure - impact pressure - inadequate pressure - input pressure - jet pressure - line pressure - maximum soil pressure - oil pressure - osmotic pressure - overload pressure - partial pressure - percolation pressure - potential pressure - rated pressure - reaction pressure - saturation vapour pressure - sea level pressure - soil pressure - specific pressure - suction pressure - supercritical pressure - support pressure - surface pressure - system pressure - threshold pressure - tire air pressure - top pressure - unit pressure - upward pressure - vapour pressure - velocity pressure - water pressure - wheel pressure - wind pressure - working pressure* * *1. давление; напор; сжатие2. прессование- absolute pressureto bring to atmospheric pressure — привести к атмосферному давлению (напр. давление в рабочей камере или шлюзе)
- active pressure
- active earth pressure
- air pressure
- allowable pressure
- assembly clamping pressure
- atmospheric pressure
- at-rest earth pressure
- back pressure
- balance pressure
- barometric pressure
- bearing pressure
- building pressure
- capillary pressure
- circulating pressure
- concrete pressure on formwork
- condensing pressure
- confining pressure
- contact pressure
- critical pressure
- curvature pressure
- cutoff pressure
- delivery pressure
- design pressure
- differential pressure
- discharge pressure
- dynamic pressure
- earth pressure
- earth back pressure
- effective pressure
- end-bearing pressure
- end pressure
- equalizing pressure
- equilibrium pressure
- evaporating pressure
- excess pressure
- excess pore pressure
- filtration pressure
- flow pressure
- footing contact pressure
- form pressure
- full pressure
- gauge pressure
- gravity pressure
- head pressure
- high pressure
- hydrodynamic pressure
- hydrostatic pressure
- ice pressure
- impact pressure
- initial pressure
- inlet pressure
- intake pressure
- intergranular pressure
- internal radial pressure
- lateral earth pressure
- low pressure
- manometric pressure
- mean pressure
- negative pressure
- negative pore pressure
- negative wind pressure on roof
- net bearing pressure
- neutral pressure
- neutral stress pressure
- operating pressure
- partial pressure
- passive earth pressure
- permissible pressure
- population pressure
- pore-water pressure
- positive wind pressure
- preconsolidation pressure
- presumptive pressure
- relative pressure
- safe working pressure
- saturated vapor pressure
- saturation pressure
- seepage pressure
- sound pressure
- spring pressure
- standard atmospheric pressure
- static pressure
- static fan pressure
- steam pressure
- suction pressure
- super-high pressure
- supply pressure
- surcharge pressure
- surplus pressure
- swelling pressure
- test pressure
- total pressure
- total fan pressure
- total horizontal water pressure
- total normal water pressure
- tyre pressure
- unit pressure
- vacuum-gauge pressure
- vapor pressure
- velocity pressure
- wave pressure
- wind pressure
- working pressure -
91 pressure
1. давление; сжатие; усилие2. натиск, давление печатания3. прессование; тиснение4. противодавление5. давление между печатным и офсетным цилиндрами6. усилие прижима7. усилие зажимаcutting pressure — усилие резания; усилие высекания
cylindrical pressure — давление, создаваемое цилиндром
head pressure — давление в головке краскоразбрызгивателя, давление в разбрызгивающей головке
loading pressure — усилие, создаваемое механизмом натиска
platen pressure — давление, создаваемое плоской плитой
printing pressure — давление печатания, натиск
roller pressure — давление между валиками, давление валиком и цилиндром
8. давление прессования9. усилие сжатия -
92 Salazar, Antônio de Oliveira
(1889-1970)The Coimbra University professor of finance and economics and one of the founders of the Estado Novo, who came to dominate Western Europe's longest surviving authoritarian system. Salazar was born on 28 April 1889, in Vimieiro, Beira Alta province, the son of a peasant estate manager and a shopkeeper. Most of his first 39 years were spent as a student, and later as a teacher in a secondary school and a professor at Coimbra University's law school. Nine formative years were spent at Viseu's Catholic Seminary (1900-09), preparing for the Catholic priesthood, but the serious, studious Salazar decided to enter Coimbra University instead in 1910, the year the Braganza monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the First Republic. Salazar received some of the highest marks of his generation of students and, in 1918, was awarded a doctoral degree in finance and economics. Pleading inexperience, Salazar rejected an invitation in August 1918 to become finance minister in the "New Republic" government of President Sidónio Pais.As a celebrated academic who was deeply involved in Coimbra University politics, publishing works on the troubled finances of the besieged First Republic, and a leader of Catholic organizations, Sala-zar was not as modest, reclusive, or unknown as later official propaganda led the public to believe. In 1921, as a Catholic deputy, he briefly served in the First Republic's turbulent congress (parliament) but resigned shortly after witnessing but one stormy session. Salazar taught at Coimbra University as of 1916, and continued teaching until April 1928. When the military overthrew the First Republic in May 1926, Salazar was offered the Ministry of Finance and held office for several days. The ascetic academic, however, resigned his post when he discovered the degree of disorder in Lisbon's government and when his demands for budget authority were rejected.As the military dictatorship failed to reform finances in the following years, Salazar was reinvited to become minister of finances in April 1928. Since his conditions for acceptance—authority over all budget expenditures, among other powers—were accepted, Salazar entered the government. Using the Ministry of Finance as a power base, following several years of successful financial reforms, Salazar was named interim minister of colonies (1930) and soon garnered sufficient prestige and authority to become head of the entire government. In July 1932, Salazar was named prime minister, the first civilian to hold that post since the 1926 military coup.Salazar gathered around him a team of largely academic experts in the cabinet during the period 1930-33. His government featured several key policies: Portuguese nationalism, colonialism (rebuilding an empire in shambles), Catholicism, and conservative fiscal management. Salazar's government came to be called the Estado Novo. It went through three basic phases during Salazar's long tenure in office, and Salazar's role underwent changes as well. In the early years (1928-44), Salazar and the Estado Novo enjoyed greater vigor and popularity than later. During the middle years (1944—58), the regime's popularity waned, methods of repression increased and hardened, and Salazar grew more dogmatic in his policies and ways. During the late years (1958-68), the regime experienced its most serious colonial problems, ruling circles—including Salazar—aged and increasingly failed, and opposition burgeoned and grew bolder.Salazar's plans for stabilizing the economy and strengthening social and financial programs were shaken with the impact of the civil war (1936-39) in neighboring Spain. Salazar strongly supported General Francisco Franco's Nationalist rebels, the eventual victors in the war. But, as the civil war ended and World War II began in September 1939, Salazar's domestic plans had to be adjusted. As Salazar came to monopolize Lisbon's power and authority—indeed to embody the Estado Novo itself—during crises that threatened the future of the regime, he assumed ever more key cabinet posts. At various times between 1936 and 1944, he took over the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of War (Defense), until the crises passed. At the end of the exhausting period of World War II, there were rumors that the former professor would resign from government and return to Coimbra University, but Salazar continued as the increasingly isolated, dominating "recluse of São Bento," that part of the parliament's buildings housing the prime minister's offices and residence.Salazar dominated the Estado Novo's government in several ways: in day-to-day governance, although this diminished as he delegated wider powers to others after 1944, and in long-range policy decisions, as well as in the spirit and image of the system. He also launched and dominated the single party, the União Nacional. A lifelong bachelor who had once stated that he could not leave for Lisbon because he had to care for his aged mother, Salazar never married, but lived with a beloved housekeeper from his Coimbra years and two adopted daughters. During his 36-year tenure as prime minister, Salazar engineered the important cabinet reshuffles that reflect the history of the Estado Novo and of Portugal.A number of times, in connection with significant events, Salazar decided on important cabinet officer changes: 11 April 1933 (the adoption of the Estado Novo's new 1933 Constitution); 18 January 1936 (the approach of civil war in Spain and the growing threat of international intervention in Iberian affairs during the unstable Second Spanish Republic of 1931-36); 4 September 1944 (the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy and the increasing likelihood of a defeat of the Fascists by the Allies, which included the Soviet Union); 14 August 1958 (increased domestic dissent and opposition following the May-June 1958 presidential elections in which oppositionist and former regime stalwart-loyalist General Humberto Delgado garnered at least 25 percent of the national vote, but lost to regime candidate, Admiral Américo Tomás); 13 April 1961 (following the shock of anticolonial African insurgency in Portugal's colony of Angola in January-February 1961, the oppositionist hijacking of a Portuguese ocean liner off South America by Henrique Galvão, and an abortive military coup that failed to oust Salazar from office); and 19 August 1968 (the aging of key leaders in the government, including the now gravely ill Salazar, and the defection of key younger followers).In response to the 1961 crisis in Africa and to threats to Portuguese India from the Indian government, Salazar assumed the post of minister of defense (April 1961-December 1962). The failing leader, whose true state of health was kept from the public for as long as possible, appointed a group of younger cabinet officers in the 1960s, but no likely successors were groomed to take his place. Two of the older generation, Teotónio Pereira, who was in bad health, and Marcello Caetano, who preferred to remain at the University of Lisbon or in private law practice, remained in the political wilderness.As the colonial wars in three African territories grew more costly, Salazar became more isolated from reality. On 3 August 1968, while resting at his summer residence, the Fortress of São João do Estoril outside Lisbon, a deck chair collapsed beneath Salazar and his head struck the hard floor. Some weeks later, as a result, Salazar was incapacitated by a stroke and cerebral hemorrhage, was hospitalized, and became an invalid. While hesitating to fill the power vacuum that had unexpectedly appeared, President Tomás finally replaced Salazar as prime minister on 27 September 1968, with his former protégé and colleague, Marcello Caetano. Salazar was not informed that he no longer headed the government, but he never recovered his health. On 27 July 1970, Salazar died in Lisbon and was buried at Santa Comba Dão, Vimieiro, his village and place of birth.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Salazar, Antônio de Oliveira
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93 pump
насос; помпа; качать, накачивать, откачивать, нагнетать•
- air pump
- air lift pump
- air-plunger pump
- booster pump
- bore-hole pump
- boring pump
- bull pump
- cam pump
- centrifugal pump
- compression pump
- concrete pump
- condencate pump
- deep-well pump
- delivery pump
- displacement pump
- double-acting pump
- drainage pump
- dredge pump
- ejector pump
- ejector air pump
- ever-primed pump
- excavating pump
- extraction pump
- feed pump
- flue-gas pump
- force pump
- gear pump
- gravel pump
- grease pump
- high-head pump
- high-pressure pump
- hydraulic pump
- immersible pump
- impeller pump
- infusion pump
- jet pump
- low-head pump
- lubrication pump
- make-up pump
- medium pump
- membrane pump
- mud pump
- multiplunger pump
- multistage pump
- piston pump
- piston-type pump
- plunger pump
- ram pump
- ram-type pump
- reciprocating pump
- rotary pump
- screw pump
- self-priming pump
- single-acting pump
- slime pump
- sludge pump
- slurry pump
- slush pump
- solid pump
- spiral pump
- station pump
- stationary pump
- submersible pump
- suspended pump
- three-ram pump
- triple-acting pump
- turbine pump
- two-stage pump
- vacseal pump
- vacuum pump
- vane pump
- variable-stroke pump
- volute pump
- water-jet pump
- wing pump -
94 run
run [rʌn]1. n1) бег, пробе́г;at a run бего́м
;а) на ходу́, в движе́нии;б) второпя́х;on the run all day весь день в беготне́
;to be on the run отступа́ть, бежа́ть
;we have the enemy on the run мы обрати́ли проти́вника в бе́гство
;to keep smb. on the run не дава́ть кому́-л. останови́ться
;to go for a run пробежа́ться
;to give smb. a run дать пробежа́ться
;to come down with a run бы́стро па́дать
2) коро́ткая пое́здка; прогу́лка;a run up to town кратковре́менная пое́здка в го́род
3) расстоя́ние, отре́зок пути́4) ж.-д. пробе́г (паровоза, вагона); прого́н5) направле́ние; о́бщая тенде́нция;the run of the hills is N. E. холмы́ тя́нутся на се́веро-восто́к
;the run of the market о́бщая тенде́нция ры́ночных цен
6) укло́н; тра́сса7) рейс, маршру́т8) пери́од вре́мени, полоса́;a run of luck полоса́ везе́ния, уда́чи
;a long run of power до́лгое пребыва́ние у вла́сти
9) ход, рабо́та, де́йствие (машины, мотора)10) пока́з, просмо́тр (фильма, спектакля)11) спрос;run on the bank наплы́в в банк тре́бований о возвраще́нии вкла́дов
;the book has a considerable run кни́га хорошо́ распродаётся
12) тира́жthe common run of men обыкнове́нные лю́ди
14) очко́ (в крикете, бейсболе)15) разг. разреше́ние по́льзоваться (чем-л.), хозя́йничать (где-л.);to have the run of smb.'s books име́ть пра́во по́льзоваться чьи́ми-л. кни́гами
16) тропа́ ( проложенная животными)18) спусти́вшаяся пе́тля́ на чулке́19) муз. рула́да21) ста́до живо́тных, кося́к ры́бы ( во время миграции)22) жёлоб, лото́к, труба́ и т.п.23) длина́ (трубы, провода)24) амер. руче́й, пото́к25) ав. полёт; захо́д на цель26) горн. бре́мсберг27) геол. направле́ние ру́дной жи́лы29) тех. пого́н, фра́кция (напр., нефти)◊at a run подря́д [см. тж. 1)]
;in the long run в конце́ концо́в; в о́бщем
;to go with a run ≅ идти́ как по ма́слу
;to take the run for one's money получи́ть по́лное удово́льствие за свои́ де́ньги
2. v (ran; run)1) бежа́ть; нести́сь; бе́гать2) спаса́ться бе́гством, убега́ть;to run for it разг. иска́ть спасе́ния в бе́гстве
3) дви́гаться, передвига́ться (обыкн. быстро);things must run their course на́до предоста́вить собы́тия их есте́ственному хо́ду
;to run before the wind мор. идти́ на фордеви́нд
4) кати́ться5) враща́ться, рабо́тать, де́йствовать, нести́ нагру́зку ( о машине);to leave the engine (of a motor car) running не выключа́ть мото́ра
6) быть действи́тельным на изве́стный срок;the lease runs for seven years аре́нда действи́тельна на семь лет
7) ходи́ть; курси́ровать; пла́вать8) идти́ (о пьесе, фильме);the play ran for six months пье́са шла шесть ме́сяцев
9) тяну́ться, проходи́ть, простира́ться, расстила́ться;to run zigzag располага́ть(ся) зигзагообра́зно
10) тяну́ться, расти́, обвива́ться ( о растениях)11) уча́ствовать (в соревнованиях, скачках, бегах)13) течь, ли́ться, сочи́ться, струи́ться14) лить, налива́ть19) употр. как глагол-связка:to run cold (по)холоде́ть
;to run dry высыха́ть; иссяка́ть
;to run mad сходи́ть с ума́
;a) подыма́ться ( о приливе);б) волнова́ться ( о море);в) возраста́ть ( о ценах);г) разгора́ться ( о страстях);a) понижа́ться, опуска́ться;б) истоща́ться, иссяка́ть (о пище, деньгах и т.п.)20) напра́вить движе́ние (чего-л.)21) заста́вить дви́гаться;to run the car in the garage ввести́ автомоби́ль в гара́ж
22) управля́ть (машиной, механизмом);to run the vacuum cleaner чи́стить пылесо́сом, пылесо́сить
23) руководи́ть, управля́ть; вести́ (дело, предприятие); эксплуати́ровать;to run a hotel быть владе́льцем гости́ницы
24) содержа́ть ( транспортное средство);I can't afford to run a car содержа́ть маши́ну мне не по карма́ну
25) перевози́ть; транспорти́ровать; поставля́ть26) ввози́ть ( контрабанду)27) пуска́ть ло́шадь ( на бега или скачки)29) гнать, подгоня́ть30) задолжа́ть, заплати́ть не сра́зу;to run (up) a bill задолжа́ть (at — портному и т.п.)
how fast the years run by! как бы́стро летя́т го́ды!
32) бы́стро распространя́ться (об огне, пламени; о новостях)33) идти́ гла́дко;all my arrangements ran smoothly всё шло как по ма́слу
34) гласи́ть (о документе, тексте);this is how the verse runs вот как звучи́т э́то стихотворе́ние
36) прорыва́ть; пробива́ться сквозь; преодолева́ть ( препятствие);to run the blockade прорва́ть блока́ду
37) прокла́дывать, проводи́ть;to run a line on a map провести́ ли́нию на ка́рте
her stocking ran у неё на чулке́ спусти́лась пе́тля́
39):my nose is running у меня́ из но́са течёт
а) суети́ться, бе́гать взад и вперёд;б) игра́ть, резви́ться ( о детях);а) (случа́йно) встре́титься с кем-л., натолкну́ться на кого-л.;б) съе́здить, слета́ть, сходи́ть;а) пресле́довать;б) бе́гать, уха́живать за кем-л.;run against ста́лкиваться; ната́лкиваться на;to run one's head against a wall сту́кнуться голово́й о́б стену; перен. прошиби́ть лбом сте́ну
;run along разг. убежа́ть;run at набра́сываться, наки́дываться на кого-л.;а) убега́ть ( with — с кем-л., чем-л.);б) понести́ ( о лошади);в) намно́го обогна́ть ( других участников соревнования);а) заста́вить потеря́ть самооблада́ние;his temper ran away with him он не суме́л сдержа́ться
;б) увле́чься мы́слью;в) приня́ть необду́манное реше́ние;б) просле́живать до (источника, начала и т.п.; to);в) перемота́ть наза́д ( плёнку и т.п.);а) сбежа́ть;б) столкну́ться;в) остана́вливаться (о машине, часах и т.п.);г) догна́ть, насти́гнуть;д) переутомля́ть(ся); истоща́ть(ся), изнуря́ть(ся);е) пренебрежи́тельно отзыва́ться (о ком-л.);ж) (обыкн. p. p.) перее́хать, задави́ть;з) отыска́ть, разыска́ть;и) опроки́дывать;а) навести́ть, загляну́ть;б) разг. арестова́ть и посади́ть в тюрьму́;в) броса́ться врукопа́шную;г) разг. провести́ кандида́та ( на выборах);д) тех. обка́тывать, производи́ть обка́тку;а) впада́ть в;to run into debt влеза́ть в долги́
;б) налета́ть, ната́лкиваться (на что-л.); ста́лкиваться (с чем-л.);в) доходи́ть до, достига́ть;the book ran into five editions кни́га вы́держала пять изда́ний
;а) удира́ть, убега́ть; сбега́ть ( with — с);б) реша́ть исхо́д го́нки;в) не производи́ть впечатле́ния;the scoldings run off him like water off a duck's back его́ руга́ют, а с него́ всё как с гу́ся вода́
;г) отце́живать; спуска́ть ( воду);д) строчи́ть стихи́; бо́йко деклами́ровать;е) отвлека́ться от предме́та ( разговора);а) писа́ться сли́тно ( о буквах);б) продолжа́ть(ся); тяну́ть(ся);в) говори́ть без у́молку;г) полигр. набира́ть «в подбо́р»;а) выбега́ть;б) истоща́ться; истека́ть ( о времени);в) вытека́ть;г) зако́нчить го́нку;д) выдвига́ться, выступа́ть ( о строении и т.п.);run out of истощи́ть свой запа́с;а) перелива́ться че́рез край;б) просма́тривать; повторя́ть;в) перее́хать, задави́ть (кого-л.);to run an eye over smth. оки́нуть взгля́дом, бе́гло просмотре́ть что-л.
;д) съе́здить, сходи́ть;а) бе́гло прочи́тывать или просма́тривать;б) промота́ть ( состояние);в) зачеркну́ть ( написанное);г) прока́лывать;а) хвата́ть, быть доста́точным;the money won't run to a car э́тих де́нег не хва́тит на маши́ну
;б) достига́ть (суммы, цифры);в):to run to extremes впада́ть в кра́йности
;to run to fat превраща́ться в жир; разг. жире́ть, толсте́ть
;to run to seed пойти́ в семена́; перен. переста́ть развива́ться; опусти́ться; пойти́ пра́хом
;а) съе́здить, слета́ть куда-л. ненадо́лго;б) бы́стро расти́; увели́чиваться;в) доходи́ть (to — до);г) поднима́ть(ся);д) вздува́ть ( цены);е) скла́дывать ( столбец цифр);ж) возводи́ть спе́шно ( постройку);а) верте́ться вокру́г чего-л., возвраща́ться к чему-л. ( о мыслях);б) неожи́данно или внеза́пно встре́титься◊to run messages ( или erands) быть на посы́лках
;to run a temperature име́ть (повы́шенную) температу́ру
;to run it close ( или fine) име́ть в обре́з (времени, денег и т.п.)
;to run riot см. riot 1, 3)
;to run a thing close быть почти́ ра́вным ( по качеству и т.п.)
;а) быть чьим-л. опа́сным сопе́рником;б) быть почти́ ра́вным кому́-л.;to run a person off his legs загоня́ть кого́-л. до изнеможе́ния
;to run too far заходи́ть сли́шком далеко́
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95 pressure
- pressure
- n1. давление; напор; сжатие
2. прессование
to bring to atmospheric pressure — привести к атмосферному давлению (напр. давление в рабочей камере или шлюзе)
- absolute pressure
- active pressure
- active earth pressure
- air pressure
- allowable pressure
- assembly clamping pressure
- atmospheric pressure
- at-rest earth pressure
- back pressure
- balance pressure
- barometric pressure
- bearing pressure
- building pressure
- capillary pressure
- circulating pressure
- concrete pressure on formwork
- condensing pressure
- confining pressure
- contact pressure
- critical pressure
- curvature pressure
- cutoff pressure
- delivery pressure
- design pressure
- differential pressure
- discharge pressure
- dynamic pressure
- earth pressure
- earth back pressure
- effective pressure
- end-bearing pressure
- end pressure
- equalizing pressure
- equilibrium pressure
- evaporating pressure
- excess pressure
- excess pore pressure
- filtration pressure
- flow pressure
- footing contact pressure
- form pressure
- full pressure
- gauge pressure
- gravity pressure
- head pressure
- high pressure
- hydrodynamic pressure
- hydrostatic pressure
- ice pressure
- impact pressure
- initial pressure
- inlet pressure
- intake pressure
- intergranular pressure
- internal radial pressure
- lateral earth pressure
- low pressure
- manometric pressure
- mean pressure
- negative pressure
- negative pore pressure
- negative wind pressure on roof
- net bearing pressure
- neutral pressure
- neutral stress pressure
- operating pressure
- partial pressure
- passive earth pressure
- permissible pressure
- population pressure
- pore-water pressure
- positive wind pressure
- preconsolidation pressure
- presumptive pressure
- relative pressure
- safe working pressure
- saturated vapor pressure
- saturation pressure
- seepage pressure
- sound pressure
- spring pressure
- standard atmospheric pressure
- static pressure
- static fan pressure
- steam pressure
- suction pressure
- super-high pressure
- supply pressure
- surcharge pressure
- surplus pressure
- swelling pressure
- test pressure
- total pressure
- total fan pressure
- total horizontal water pressure
- total normal water pressure
- tyre pressure
- unit pressure
- vacuum-gauge pressure
- vapor pressure
- velocity pressure
- wave pressure
- wind pressure
- working pressure
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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96 test
- test
- nиспытание; проверка; тест; опыт; проба; анализ; исследование; эксперимент || испытывать; проверять; исследовать
test by immersion in boiling water — проба [испытание] кипячением в воде
- test of time
- AASHO density test
- Abbot compaction test
- Abrams' test
- abrasion test
- absorption test
- accelerated test
- accelerated test for compressive strength
- accelerated strength test
- acceptance test
- accredited tests
- acid test
- aggregate crushing test
- aggregate impact test
- air test
- air content test
- air entrainment test
- air filter blackness test
- air leakage test
- air permeability test
- air permeability fineness test
- alternating bending test
- anchorage shear test
- aptitude test
- Atterberg test
- attrition test
- autoclave test
- baling-out permeability test
- ball test
- ball hardness test
- barium sulphate test
- beam test
- bearing test
- bending test
- bending tensile test
- bit wear test
- blackness air filter test
- Blain test
- block shear test
- blow flexure test
- boiling test
- bond test
- bootstrap test
- borehole shear test
- breaking test
- Brinell hardness test
- California bearing ratio test
- cement tests
- Charpy test
- Charpy V-notch impact test
- checking test
- check test
- COLE volume change test
- colorimetric test
- color test
- compacting factor test
- compaction test
- complience test
- compression test
- cone penetration test
- consistency test
- consolidated quick test
- consolidation test
- constant head permeability test
- constant rate of penetration test
- constant rate of uplift test
- constant volume test
- control test
- core test
- creep test
- C.R.P. test
- crushing test
- cube strength test
- cube test
- cylinder test
- dehydration test
- diametral compression test
- diamond pyramid hardness test
- dioctylphthalate test
- direct shear test
- dispersion test
- dissipation test
- DOP test
- Dorry test
- drain test
- drained triaxial test
- driving test
- drop-weight test
- durability test
- dust spot test
- Dutch sounding test
- dynamic penetration test
- expandable sleeve concrete test
- exposure tests
- fast field tests
- fatigue test
- field tests
- field density test
- field loading test
- field percolation test
- field vane test
- flexure test
- flow-table test
- flow test
- four-point bending test
- fracture test
- freeze-thaw test
- freeze-thaw durability test
- freezing test
- gravimetric air filter test
- hardening test of concrete
- hardness test
- Herbert cloudburst test
- hollow cylinder test
- hydraulic drain test
- hydraulic flat-jack test
- hydraulic pressure test
- hydraulic test
- hydrostatic test
- impact test
- impact crushing value test
- indentation test
- ink test
- in-place test
- in-place slump test
- in-situ test
- in-situ soil tests
- insulation test
- integrity test
- Izod impact test
- Izod test
- jolt test
- Kelly ball test
- Knoop hardness test
- laboratory test
- leakage test
- life test
- line-load test
- load test of structures
- loading test
- long-term test
- long-time creep test
- maintained load test
- manufacturer test
- methylene blue test
- model test
- needle test
- notch bending test
- notched bar test
- nuclear density test
- operational test
- organic test
- organic test for fine aggregate
- orifice tube test
- penetration test
- percussion test
- performance test
- photoelastic test
- pile load test
- pile pulling test
- pile redriving test
- plate-bearing test
- pneumatic test
- point-load test
- preliminary test
- pressure test
- pressure meter test
- proof test
- proof load test
- pumping test
- punching shear test
- pycnometer test
- Q-test
- quick test
- R-test
- Ro test
- radial percolation test
- Raymond standard test
- reception test
- reference test
- reliability test
- repeated load test
- resonant-column test
- reverse bend test
- rock bolts convergence test
- Rockwell hardness test
- Rockwell superficial hardness test
- S-test
- saponification test
- scratch test
- shearing test
- shear test
- shock bending test
- short-term test
- single point test
- site test for cement content of mortars
- slow test
- slump test
- smoke test
- soap test
- splitting tensile test
- standard-density test
- standard penetration test
- static penetration test
- strength test
- stress-relaxation test
- stress-rupture test
- tensile test
- tightness test
- time-of-set test
- torsion test
- triaxial compression test
- triaxial test
- two-point test
- type test
- ultrasonic test
- undrained test
- vacuum test
- vane test
- vibrated mortar cube test
- vibrating crushing test
- Vicat needle test
- water test
- water loading test
- water retention test
- wind loading test
- wind-tunnel test
- works beam test
- works cube test
- yield test
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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97 plant
- plant
- n1. оборудование инженерных систем здания
2. строительное оборудование (напр. землеройное, подъёмно-транспортное, для бетонных работ)
3. установка; агрегат; энергоблок; технологическая установка [система] ( в инженерных системах зданий)
4. электростанция
5. завод, фабрика; мастерская
- acetylene producing plant
- activated sludge plant
- aeration plant
- aeration-degassing plant
- aggregate batching plant
- aggregate preparation plant
- air conditioning plant
- air handling plant
- air supply plant
- all-dry cement plant
- all-wet cement plant
- augering plant
- automatic batching plant
- bank-filtered river water plant
- barge-mounted concrete plant
- batch plant
- batch mixing plant
- biological treatment plant
- block-making plant
- block plant
- boiler plant
- booster pumping plant
- builder's plant
- builder's small powered plant
- cement plant
- central plant
- central air conditioning plant
- central air-handling plant
- central boiler plant
- central heating plant
- central refrigerating plant
- chemical feed plant
- chlorination plant
- civil-engineering plant
- coating plant
- cold-storage plant
- compressor plant
- computerized plant
- concentrating plant
- concrete plant
- concrete production plant
- concrete spouting plant
- concreting plant
- construction plant
- contact stabilization plant
- continuous-mix plant
- conveying plant
- cooling plant
- crushing plant
- desalination plant
- desalting plant
- disposal plant
- diversion power plant
- drying plant
- dust arrestor plant
- dust extracting plant
- earth moving plant
- electric plant
- exhaust plant
- extended aeration plant
- filter plant
- filtration plant
- floating concrete plant
- floating pile-driving plant
- flotation plant
- freezing plant
- gas plant
- gas-distribution plant
- gas washing plant
- generating plant
- grading plant
- heat generation plant
- heating plant
- heating water converter plant
- high-pressure air conditioning plant
- hydro-electric plant
- incineration plant
- indoor power plant
- industrial plant
- initial screening and washing plant
- lime softening plant
- low-head power plant
- low-level mixing plant
- low-pressure air conditioning plant
- manufacturing plant
- mechanical plant
- mixing plant
- mix-in-travel plant
- municipal treatment plant
- open-air plant
- open-air water power plant
- ozone plant
- package plant
- petrochemical plant
- piling plant
- placing plant
- power plant
- precast concrete plant
- precast plant
- proportioning plant
- pumping plant
- purification plant
- pyrolysis plant
- ready mixed concrete plant
- refrigerating plant
- refuse incineration plant
- refuse processing plant
- reinforcement cutting and bending plant
- river-run power plant
- river power plant
- road-making plant
- roadstone aggregate plant
- roof top plant
- screening plant
- secondary treatment plant
- sedimentation plant
- semioutdoor-type power plant
- sewage dispersal plant
- site mechanical plant
- sludge digestion plant
- sludge treating plant
- small powered plant
- solar plant
- spouting plant
- steam plant
- steam-power plant
- step-up plant
- structural steel plant
- tertiary plant
- tidal power plant
- transporting plant
- treatment plant
- vacuum dewatering plant
- ventilation plant
- volumetric batch plant
- washing and screening plant
- waste-disposal plant
- waste-heat utilization plant
- water-catchment plant
- water conversion plant
- water purification plant
- water softening plant
- water treatment plant
- weight batch plant
- zeolite water softening plant
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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98 equipment
- equipment
- nоборудование
equipment found to be damaged — оборудование с обнаруженными неисправностями ( после контрольного осмотра)
- air equipment
- air handling equipment
- application equipment
- automatic points equipment
- automatic spray equipment
- auxiliary building equipment
- carrying and lifting equipment
- compaction equipment
- compressed-air equipment
- concrete equipment
- concrete placing equipment
- construction equipment
- dust separation equipment
- earthmoving equipment
- EDM equipment
- electrical equipment of buildings
- electronic distance measuring equipment
- erecting equipment
- excavating equipment
- factory equipment
- fire control portable equipment
- fire-extinguishing equipment
- fire-protection equipment
- flame-cleaning equipment
- front-end equipment
- grouting equipment
- high-performance equipment
- high-pressure equipment
- hoisting equipment
- hydraulic equipment
- jacking equipment
- jacking equipment for lift slab
- joint sealing equipment
- laboratory equipment
- lifting equipment
- load-and-carry equipment
- load cell weighing equipment
- loading equipment
- materials-handling equipment
- measuring equipment
- mechanical handling equipment
- mobile equipment
- monitoring equipment
- motor-driven equipment
- office equipment
- own equipment
- oxygen flame-grooving equipment
- personal protective equipment
- pile driving equipment
- piling equipment
- play equipment
- pneumatic equipment
- portable equipment
- protective face equipment
- protective head equipment
- refrigeration equipment
- reverse circulating drilling equipment
- road repair equipment
- safety equipment
- scarifying equipment
- self-contained equipment
- service equipment
- shotcrete equipment
- signaling equipment
- site equipment
- snow clearing equipment
- specialized equipment
- spray equipment
- stationary equipment
- stressing equipment
- technical equipment
- tensioning equipment
- testing equipment
- track equipment
- vacuum lifting equipment
- vandal-proof equipment
- vehicle-mounted equipment
- water-borne equipment
- weight-moving equipment
- welding equipment
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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99 changer
3) устройство или механизм смены (инструментов, валков и т. п.)•-
attachments changer
-
automatic jaw changer
-
automatic probe changer
-
automatic roll changer
-
automatic rpm changer
-
band changer
-
bidirectional automatic tool changer
-
bill changer
-
chain-type pallet changer
-
circuit changer
-
coin changer
-
current changer
-
double-ended changer
-
drum-type tool changer
-
frequency changer
-
head changer
-
integrated pallet changer
-
load vacuum tap changer
-
mode changer
-
money changer
-
phase changer
-
polarization changer
-
pole changer
-
range changer
-
record changer
-
roll changer
-
rototraversing pallet changer
-
sledge-type roll changer
-
static changer
-
switch machine pole changer
-
tap changer
-
tool changer
-
two-pallet changer
-
universal car work roll changer
-
voltage changer
-
workpiece pallet changer -
100 contact
1) контакт, касание, соприкосновение || контактировать, соприкасаться2) эл. контакт4) установление связи, вступление (вхождение) в связь || выходить на связь6) рлк обнаружение; захват ( цели)•-
a-contact
-
actual contact
-
adhesive contact
-
adjustable contact
-
adjustable touching contact
-
alloyed contact
-
all-round contact
-
all-wheel ground contact
-
amateur contact
-
anvil contact
-
approach contact
-
arcing contact
-
arm contact
-
armature contact
-
auxiliary contact
-
back contact
-
ball contact
-
base contact
-
bayonet contact
-
b-contact
-
beam-lead contact
-
bellows contact
-
bifurcated contact
-
bimetallic contact
-
blade contact
-
blocking contact
-
body contact
-
bouncing contacts
-
bow contact
-
break contact
-
break-before-make contact
-
break-make contact
-
bridge-type contact
-
bridge contact
-
bridging contact
-
brush contact
-
bump contact
-
buried contact
-
butt contact
-
change-over contact with neutral position
-
change-over contact
-
chattering contacts
-
circumferential contact
-
closed contact
-
collector contact
-
concentrated contact
-
concentric contact
-
conformal contact
-
continuous contact
-
convex-concave contact
-
convex-convex contact
-
coplanar contact
-
crimp contact
-
dead contact
-
direct refrigerant contact
-
discrete contact
-
distributed contact
-
docking ring contact
-
double tooth contact
-
double-break contact
-
double-throw contact
-
dressed contact
-
dry contact
-
dry-reed contact
-
EHD contact
-
elastic contact
-
elastic-plastic contact
-
elastohydrodynamic contact
-
electric contact
-
elementary contact
-
emitter contact
-
external contact
-
face contact
-
female contact
-
ferreed contact
-
filter contact
-
finger contact
-
firm contact
-
first contact
-
fixed contact
-
flight visual contact
-
floating contact
-
frictional contact
-
frictionally heated contact
-
front contact
-
grinding contact
-
ground contact
-
hard contact
-
head-to-oxide contact
-
heavily stressed contact
-
hermaphroditic contact
-
high-resistance contact
-
indirect refrigerant contact
-
initial contact
-
initial docking contact
-
injecting contact
-
instantaneous contact
-
intercell ohmic contact
-
interdigitated back contact
-
internal contact
-
intimate contact
-
jack-in contact
-
keep-alive contact
-
knife- type contact
-
knife contact
-
line contact
-
linear contact
-
liquid contact
-
live contact
-
localized contact
-
locking contact
-
loose contact
-
low-impedance contact
-
low-level contact
-
low-resistance contact
-
lubricated contact
-
magnetically operated contact
-
make contact
-
make-before-break contact
-
make-break contact
-
male contact
-
mechanical contact
-
mercury-wetted contact
-
mid-position contact
-
movable contact
-
multiple contact
-
multiple-point contact
-
needle pinion contact
-
nominal contact
-
nonbridging contact
-
nonrectifying contact
-
nonshorted contact
-
nonsliding contact
-
normally closed contact
-
normally open contact
-
normally-off contact
-
normally-on contact
-
off-limit contacts
-
ohmic contact
-
one-pair contact
-
physical contact
-
pin contact
-
pinpoint contact
-
plastic contact
-
plug contact
-
plunger hermetically sealed contact
-
point contact
-
polarized contacts
-
poor contact
-
pressed contact
-
press-fit contact
-
pressure contact
-
printed contact
-
push-button contact
-
push contact
-
push-on contact
-
quick-action contact
-
radar contact
-
radio contact
-
rail contact
-
real contact
-
rear contact
-
rectifying contact
-
reed contact
-
relay contact
-
removable contact
-
rendezvous contact
-
resilient contact
-
retaining contact
-
rocking contact
-
rolling contact
-
rotor contact
-
screen printed contact
-
sealed contact
-
sealing contact
-
self-aligned contact
-
self-holding contact
-
self-registered contact
-
sequence contacts
-
shared contact
-
short-circuit contact
-
shorting contact
-
single contact
-
single tooth contact
-
slider contact
-
slow-action contact
-
snap-action contact
-
snap-on contact
-
socket contact
-
soft contact
-
solder contact
-
soldered contact
-
solderless contact
-
space station/spacecraft initial contact
-
spitted contacts
-
spring contact
-
spring-loaded contact
-
stake contact
-
static contact
-
steady state contact
-
strip contact
-
surface contact
-
switching contact
-
switch contact
-
target contact
-
thermocouple contact
-
thermoelastic contact
-
throwable contact
-
tool/work contact
-
train-to-wayside contact
-
transfer contact
-
transient thermoelastic contact
-
transition contact
-
tuning fork contact
-
twin-break contact
-
two-way contact
-
uniform contact
-
unlubricated contact
-
vacuum sealed contact
-
viscoelastic contact
-
wet contact
-
wiping contact
-
wire-to-wire contact
-
wrap contact
См. также в других словарях:
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vacuum extractor — a device to assist delivery consisting of a suction cup that is attached to the head of the fetus: traction is then applied slowly. Introduced in 1954 , it is widely used and has now virtually replaced rotational obstetric forceps. * * * a device … Medical dictionary
vacuum extractor — ventouse a device to assist delivery consisting of a suction cup that is attached to the head of the fetus: traction is then applied slowly. Introduced in 1954, it is widely used and has now virtually replaced rotational obstetric forceps … The new mediacal dictionary