-
21 copying
1. копирование, размножение копий2. перепечатка3. фоторепродуцирование4. контактное копирование5. контактная печатьelectrostatic transfer copying — электрографическое копирование с переносом изображения; ксерография
office copying — конторское копирование; копирование конторской документации
proof copying — пробное печатание, получение пробных копий
thermographic copying — термокопирование, копирование на термочувствительный материал
-
22 daylight copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > daylight copying
-
23 development
1. развитие; совершенствование; рост2. разработка3. проявление; фотографическое проявлениеdevelopment during fixing — проявление, продолжающееся во время фиксирования
brush development — проявление кистью, проявление щёткой
color development — цветное проявление; проявление цветных плёнок
deformation development — проявление термопластического материала; получение микрорельефа на термопластическом слое
electrographic development — электрографическое проявление, проявление электрографического изображения
electrophotographic development — электрофотографическое проявление; проявление электрофотографического изображения
fixating development — фиксирующее проявление, одновременное проявление и фиксирование
heat development — термическое проявление, термопроявление
impression development — проявление давлением; проявление накаткой, проявление валиком
lith development — проявление «лит», обработка в проявителе типа «лит»
magnetic brush development — проявление магнитной кистью ; проявление методом магнитной кисти
powder cloud development — проявление порошковым облаком; аэрозольное проявление
software development — разработка программного обеспечения, программирование
spray development — струйное проявление, проявление пульверизацией
thermal development — термическое проявление, термопроявление
-
24 direct copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
-
25 dry copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
-
26 electrostatic direct copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > electrostatic direct copying
-
27 microfiche copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > microfiche copying
-
28 reflex copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
-
29 remote copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
-
30 sectional copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > sectional copying
-
31 synchronous copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > synchronous copying
-
32 transmission copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > transmission copying
-
33 batch copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
-
34 holograms copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > holograms copying
-
35 magnetic copying
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > magnetic copying
-
36 take
(to take or keep (someone) as a hostage: The police were unable to attack the terrorists because they were holding three people hostage.) tomar/coger a alguien como rehéntake vb1. cogertake your umbrella, it's raining coge el paraguas, que está lloviendo2. llevarcould you take this to the post office? ¿podrías llevar esto a la oficina de correos?3. llevarsesomeone's taken my bicycle! ¡alguien se ha llevado mi bicicleta!4. tomar5. llevar / tardar / durarto take place tener lugar / ocurrirtr[teɪk]1 SMALLCINEMA/SMALL toma1 (carry, bring) llevar■ take your umbrella, it might rain lleva el paraguas, puede que llueva2 (drive, escort) llevar■ shall I take you to the station? ¿quieres que te lleve a la estación?3 (remove) llevarse, quitar, coger■ who's taken my pencil? ¿quién ha cogido mi lápiz?4 (hold, grasp) tomar, coger■ do you want me to take your suitcase? ¿quieres que te coja la maleta?5 (accept - money etc) aceptar, coger; (- criticism, advice, responsibility) aceptar, asumir; (- patients, clients) aceptar■ do you take cheques? ¿aceptáis cheques?6 (win prize, competition) ganar; (earn) ganar, hacer■ how much have we taken today? ¿cuánto hemos hecho hoy de caja?7 (medicine, drugs) tomar■ have you ever taken drugs? ¿has tomado drogas alguna vez?■ do you take sugar? ¿te pones azúcar?8 (subject) estudiar; (course of study) seguir, cursar9 (teach) dar clase a10 (bus, train, etc) tomar, coger11 (capture) tomar, capturar; (in board games) comer12 (time) tardar, llevar■ how long does it take to get to Madrid? ¿cuánto se tarda en llegar a Madrid?13 (hold, contain) tener cabida, acoger■ how many people does your car take? ¿cuántas personas caben en tu coche?14 (size of clothes) usar, gastar; (size of shoes) calzar■ what size do you take? ¿qué talla usas?, ¿cuál es tu talla?■ what size shoe does he take? ¿qué número calza?15 (measurement, temperature, etc) tomar; (write down) anotar16 (need, require) requerir, necesitar17 (buy) quedarse con, llevar(se)18 (bear) aguantar, soportar19 (react) tomarse; (interpret) interpretar■ she took it the wrong way lo interpretó mal, se lo tomó a mal20 (perform, adopt) tomar, adoptar; (exercise) hacer■ she takes the view that... opina que...21 (have) tomar(se)22 (suppose) suponer■ I take it that... supongo que...23 (consider) considerar, mirar24 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL regir25 (rent) alquilar2 (fish) picar3 (in draughts etc) comer\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLnot to take no for an answer no aceptar una respuesta negativatake it from me escucha lo que te digotake it or leave it lo tomas o lo dejastake my word for it créemeto be hard to take ser difícil de aceptarto be on the take dejarse sobornarto have what it takes tener lo que hace faltato take five descansar cinco minutosto take it out of somebody dejar a uno sin ganas de nadato take somebody out of himself hacer que alguien se olvide de sus propias penasto take something as read dar algo por sentado,-a1) capture: capturar, apresar2) grasp: tomar, agarrarto take the bull by the horns: tomar al toro por los cuernos3) catch: tomar, agarrartaken by surprise: tomado por sorpresa4) captivate: encantar, fascinar5) ingest: tomar, ingerirtake two pills: tome dos píldoras6) remove: sacar, extraertake an orange: saca una naranja7) : tomar, coger (un tren, un autobús, etc.)8) need, require: tomar, requirirthese things take time: estas cosas toman tiempo9) bring, carry: llevar, sacar, cargartake them with you: llévalos contigotake the trash out: saca la basura10) bear, endure: soportar, aguantar (dolores, etc.)11) accept: aceptar (un cheque, etc.), seguir (consejos), asumir (la responsabilidad)12) suppose: suponerI take it that...: supongo que...to take a walk: dar un paseoto take a class: tomar una claseto take place happen: tener lugar, suceder, ocurrirtake vi: agarrar (dícese de un tinte), prender (dícese de una vacuna)take n1) proceeds: recaudación f, ingresos mpl, ganancias fpl2) : toma f (de un rodaje o una grabación)n.• taquilla s.f.• toma (Film) s.f.• toma s.f. (time)expr.• tardar expr.v.(§ p.,p.p.: took, taken) = aceptar v.• asir v.• calzar v.• cautivar v.• coger v.• ganar v.• llevar v.• quedarse con v.• tener v.(§pres: tengo, tienes...tenemos) pret: tuv-fut/c: tendr-•)• tomar v.
I
1. teɪk2) (carry, lead, drive) llevarshall I take the chairs inside/upstairs? — ¿llevo las sillas adentro/arriba?, ¿meto/subo las sillas?
I'll take you up/down to the third floor — subo/bajo contigo al tercer piso, te llevo al tercer piso
to take the dog (out) for a walk — sacar* el perro a pasear
this path takes you to the main road — este camino lleva or por este camino se llega a la carretera
3)a) \<\<train/plane/bus/taxi\>\> tomar, coger* (esp Esp)are you taking the car? — ¿vas a ir en coche?
we took the elevator (AmE) o (BrE) lift to the restaurant — tomamos or (esp Esp) cogimos el ascensor para subir/bajar al restaurante
b) \<\<road/turning\>\> tomar, agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)c) \<\<bend\>\> tomar, coger* (esp Esp); \<\<fence\>\> saltar4)a) (grasp, seize) tomar, agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)he took her by the hand — la tomó or (esp AmL) la agarró or (esp Esp) la cogió de la mano
b) ( take charge of)may I take your coat? — ¿me permite el abrigo?
would you mind taking the baby for a moment? — ¿me tienes al niño un momento?
c) ( occupy)take a seat — siéntese, tome asiento (frml)
5) (remove, steal) llevarse6) ( catch)he was taken completely unawares — lo agarró or (esp Esp) lo cogió completamente desprevenido
to be taken ill — caer* enfermo
7)a) ( capture) \<\<town/fortress/position\>\> tomar; \<\<pawn/piece\>\> comerb) ( win) \<\<prize/title\>\> llevarse, hacerse* con; \<\<game/set\>\> ganarc) ( receive as profit) hacer*, sacar*8) \<\<medicine/drugs\>\> tomarhave you taken your tablets? — ¿te has tomado las pastillas?
9)a) (buy, order) llevar(se)I'll take 12 ounces — déme or (Esp tb) póngame 12 onzas
b) ( buy regularly) comprarwe take The Globe — nosotros compramos or leemos The Globe
c) ( rent) \<\<cottage/apartment\>\> alquilar, coger* (Esp)10)a) ( acquire) \<\<lover\>\> buscarse*to take a wife/husband — casarse
b) ( sexually) (liter) \<\<woman\>\> poseer*11) ( of time) \<\<job/task\>\> llevar; \<\<process\>\> tardar; \<\<person\>\> tardar, demorar(se) (AmL)it took longer than expected — llevó or tomó más tiempo de lo que se creía
the letter took a week to arrive — la carta tardó or (AmL tb) se demoró una semana en llegar
12) ( need)it takes courage to do a thing like that — hay que tener or hace falta or se necesita valor para hacer algo así
to have (got) what it takes — (colloq) tener* lo que hay que tener or lo que hace falta
13)a) ( wear)what size shoes do you take? — ¿qué número calzas?
she takes a 14 — usa la talla or (RPl) el talle 14
b) ( Auto)c) ( Ling) construirse* con, regir*14) ( accept) \<\<money/bribes/job\>\> aceptardo you take checks? — ¿aceptan cheques?
take it or leave it — (set phrase) lo tomas o lo dejas
take that, you scoundrel! — (dated) toma, canalla!
15)a) (hold, accommodate)the tank takes/will take 42 liters — el tanque tiene una capacidad de 42 litros
b) (admit, receive) \<\<patients/pupils\>\> admitir, tomar, coger* (Esp)we don't take telephone reservations o (BrE) bookings — no aceptamos reservas por teléfono
16)a) (withstand, suffer) \<\<strain/weight\>\> aguantar; \<\<beating/blow\>\> recibirb) (tolerate, endure) aguantarI can't take it any longer! — no puedo más!, ya no aguanto más!
he can't take a joke — no sabe aceptar or no se le puede hacer una broma
c) ( bear)how is he taking it? — ¿qué tal lo lleva?
17)a) (understand, interpret) tomarseshe took it the wrong way — se lo tomó a mal, lo interpretó mal
to take something as read/understood — dar* algo por hecho/entendido
I take it that you didn't like him much — por lo que veo no te cayó muy bien; see also take for
b) ( consider) (in imperative) mirartake Japan, for example — mira el caso del Japón, por ejemplo
18)a) \<\<steps/measures\>\> tomar; \<\<exercise\>\> hacer*to take a walk/a step forward — dar* un paseo/un paso adelante
b) (supervise, deal with)would you take that call, please? — ¿puede atender esa llamada por favor?
19) ( Educ)a) ( teach) (BrE) darle* clase ab) ( learn) \<\<subject\>\> estudiar, hacer*; \<\<course\>\> hacer*to take an exam — hacer* or dar* or (CS) rendir* or (Méx) tomar un examen, examinarse (Esp)
20)a) ( record) tomarwe took regular readings — tomamos nota de la temperatura (or presión etc) a intervalos regulares
b) ( write down) \<\<notes\>\> tomar21) ( adopt)he takes the view that... — opina que..., es de la opinión de que...
she took an instant dislike to him — le tomó antipatía inmediatamente; see also liking a), offense 2) b), shape I 1) a)
2.
vi1)a) \<\<seed\>\> germinar; \<\<cutting\>\> prenderb) \<\<dye\>\> agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)2) ( receive) recibirall you do is take, take, take — no piensas más que en ti
•Phrasal Verbs:- take for- take in- take off- take on- take out- take to- take up
II
1) ( Cin) toma f2)a) ( earnings) ingresos mpl, recaudación fb) ( share) parte f; ( commission) comisión f[teɪk] (vb: pt took) (pp taken)1. VT1) (=remove) llevarse; (=steal) robar, llevarsewho took my beer? — ¿quién se ha llevado mi cerveza?
someone's taken my handbag — alguien se ha llevado mi bolso, alguien me ha robado el bolso
•
I picked up the letter but he took it from me — cogí la carta pero él me la quitó2) (=take hold of, seize) tomar, coger, agarrar (LAm)let me take your case/coat — permíteme tu maleta/abrigo
I'll take the blue one, please — me llevaré el azul
•
the devil take it! — ¡maldición! †•
take five! * — ¡hagan una pausa!, ¡descansen un rato!•
take your partners for a waltz — saquen a su pareja a bailar un vals•
please take a seat — tome asiento, por favoris this seat taken? — ¿está ocupado este asiento?
•
it took me by surprise — me cogió desprevenido, me pilló or agarró desprevenido (LAm)•
take ten! — (US) * ¡hagan una pausa!, ¡descansen un rato!•
to take a wife — † casarse, contraer matrimonio3) (=lead, transport) llevarher work took her to Bonn — su trabajó la destinó or llevó a Bonn
•
he took me home in his car — me llevó a casa en su coche•
they took me over the factory — me mostraron la fábrica, me acompañaron en una visita a la fábrica4) [+ bus, taxi] (=travel by) ir en; (at specified time) coger, tomar (esp LAm); [+ road, short cut] ir porwe took the five o'clock train — cogimos or tomamos el tren de las cinco
take the first on the right — vaya por or tome la primera calle a la derecha
5) (=capture) [+ person] coger, agarrar (LAm); [+ town, city] tomar; (Chess) comer6) (=obtain, win) [+ prize] ganar, llevarse; [+ 1st place] conseguir, obtener; [+ trick] ganar, hacerwe took £500 today — (Brit) (Comm) hoy hemos ganado 500 libras
7) (=accept, receive) [+ money] aceptar; [+ advice] seguir; [+ news, blow] tomar, recibir; [+ responsibility] asumir; [+ bet] aceptar, hacertake my advice, tell her the truth — sigue mi consejo or hazme caso y dile la verdad
what will you take for it? — ¿cuál es tu mejor precio?
•
London took a battering in 1941 — Londres recibió una paliza en 1941, Londres sufrió terriblemente en 1941•
will you take a cheque? — ¿aceptaría un cheque?•
you must take us as you find us — nos vas a tener que aceptar tal cual•
take it from me! — ¡escucha lo que te digo!you can take it from me that... — puedes tener la seguridad de que...
•
losing is hard to take — es difícil aceptar la derrota•
it's £50, take it or leave it! — son 50 libras, lo toma o lo dejawhisky? I can take it or leave it — ¿el whisky? ni me va ni me viene
•
I won't take no for an answer — no hay pero que valga•
he took a lot of punishment — (fig) le dieron muy duro•
take that! — ¡toma!8) (=rent) alquilar, tomar; (=buy regularly) [+ newspaper] comprar, leer9) (=have room or capacity for) tener cabida para; (=support weight of) aguantara car that takes five passengers — un coche con cabida para or donde caben cinco personas
can you take two more? — ¿puedes llevar dos más?, ¿caben otros dos?
10) (=wear) [+ clothes size] gastar, usar (LAm); [+ shoe size] calzarwhat size do you take? — (clothes) ¿qué talla usas?; (shoes) ¿qué número calzas?
11) (=call for, require) necesitar, requeririt takes a lot of courage — exige or requiere gran valor
•
it takes two to make a quarrel — uno solo no puede reñir•
she's got what it takes — tiene lo que hace falta12) (of time)•
I'll just iron this, it won't take long — voy a planchar esto, no tardaré or no me llevará mucho tiempotake your time! — ¡despacio!
13) (=conduct) [+ meeting, church service] presidir; (=teach) [+ course, class] enseñar; [+ pupils] tomar; (=study) [+ course] hacer; [+ subject] dar, estudiar; (=undergo) [+ exam, test] presentarse a, pasarwhat are you taking next year? — ¿qué vas a hacer or estudiar el año que viene?
•
to take a degree in — licenciarse en14) (=record) [+ sb's name, address] anotar, apuntar; [+ measurements] tomar15) (=understand, assume)I take it that... — supongo que..., me imagino que...
am I to take it that you refused? — ¿he de suponer que te negaste?
how old do you take him to be? — ¿cuántos años le das?
•
I took him for a doctor — lo tenía por médico, creí que era médicowhat do you take me for? — ¿por quién me has tomado?
•
I don't quite know how to take that — no sé muy bien cómo tomarme eso16) (=consider) [+ case, example] tomarnow take Ireland, for example — tomemos, por ejemplo, el caso de Irlanda, pongamos como ejemplo Irlanda
let us take the example of a family with three children — tomemos el ejemplo de una familia con tres hijos
take John, he never complains — por ejemplo John, él nunca se queja
taking one thing with another... — considerándolo todo junto..., considerándolo en conjunto...
17) (=put up with, endure) [+ treatment, climate] aguantar, soportarwe can take it — lo aguantamos or soportamos todo
•
I can't take any more! — ¡no aguanto más!, ¡no soporto más!•
I won't take any nonsense! — ¡no quiero oír más tonterías!18) (=eat) comer; (=drink) tomarwill you take sth before you go? — ¿quieres tomar algo antes de irte?
•
he took no food for four days — estuvo cuatro días sin comer•
he takes sugar in his tea — toma or pone azúcar en el té•
to take tea (with sb) — † tomar té (con algn)19) (=negotiate) [+ bend] tomar; [+ fence] saltar, saltar por encima de20) (=acquire)•
to be taken ill — ponerse enfermo, enfermar•
he took great pleasure in teasing her — se regodeaba tomándole el pelo•
I do not take any satisfaction in knowing that... — no experimento satisfacción alguna sabiendo que...21) (Ling) [+ case] regir22)• to be taken with sth/sb (=attracted) —
I'm not at all taken with the idea — la idea no me gusta nada or no me hace gracia
23) † liter (=have sexual intercourse with) tener relaciones sexuales con24) (as function verb) [+ decision, holiday] tomar; [+ step, walk] dar; [+ trip] hacer; [+ opportunity] aprovechar2. VI1) (=be effective) [dye] coger, agarrar (LAm); [vaccination, fire] prender; [glue] pegar2) (Bot) [cutting] arraigar3) (=receive)giveshe's all take, take, take — ella mucho dame, dame, pero luego no da nada
3. N1) (Cine) toma f3)- be on the take4) (=share) parte f ; (=commission) comisión f, tajada * f5) * (=opinion) opinión fwhat's your take on the new government? — ¿qué piensas de or qué opinión te merece el nuevo gobierno?
- take in- take off- take on- take out- take to- take upTAKE Both t ardar and llevar can be used to translate take with {time}. ► Use tar dar (en + ((infinitive))) to describe how long someone or something will take to do something. The subject of tardar is the person or thing that has to complete the activity or undergo the process:
How long do letters take to get to Spain? ¿Cuánto (tiempo) tardan las cartas en llegar a España?
How much longer will it take you to do it? ¿Cuánto más vas a tardar en hacerlo?
It'll take us three hours to get to Douglas if we walk Tardaremos tres horas en llegar a Douglas si vamos andando ► Use lle var to describe how long an activity, task or process takes to complete. The subject of llevar is the activity or task:
The tests will take at least a month Las pruebas llevarán por lo menos un mes
How long will it take? ¿Cuánto tiempo llevará? ► Compare the different focus in the alternative translations of the following example:
It'll take me two more days to finish this job Me llevará dos días más terminar este trabajo, Tardaré dos días más en terminar este trabajo For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I
1. [teɪk]2) (carry, lead, drive) llevarshall I take the chairs inside/upstairs? — ¿llevo las sillas adentro/arriba?, ¿meto/subo las sillas?
I'll take you up/down to the third floor — subo/bajo contigo al tercer piso, te llevo al tercer piso
to take the dog (out) for a walk — sacar* el perro a pasear
this path takes you to the main road — este camino lleva or por este camino se llega a la carretera
3)a) \<\<train/plane/bus/taxi\>\> tomar, coger* (esp Esp)are you taking the car? — ¿vas a ir en coche?
we took the elevator (AmE) o (BrE) lift to the restaurant — tomamos or (esp Esp) cogimos el ascensor para subir/bajar al restaurante
b) \<\<road/turning\>\> tomar, agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)c) \<\<bend\>\> tomar, coger* (esp Esp); \<\<fence\>\> saltar4)a) (grasp, seize) tomar, agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)he took her by the hand — la tomó or (esp AmL) la agarró or (esp Esp) la cogió de la mano
b) ( take charge of)may I take your coat? — ¿me permite el abrigo?
would you mind taking the baby for a moment? — ¿me tienes al niño un momento?
c) ( occupy)take a seat — siéntese, tome asiento (frml)
5) (remove, steal) llevarse6) ( catch)he was taken completely unawares — lo agarró or (esp Esp) lo cogió completamente desprevenido
to be taken ill — caer* enfermo
7)a) ( capture) \<\<town/fortress/position\>\> tomar; \<\<pawn/piece\>\> comerb) ( win) \<\<prize/title\>\> llevarse, hacerse* con; \<\<game/set\>\> ganarc) ( receive as profit) hacer*, sacar*8) \<\<medicine/drugs\>\> tomarhave you taken your tablets? — ¿te has tomado las pastillas?
9)a) (buy, order) llevar(se)I'll take 12 ounces — déme or (Esp tb) póngame 12 onzas
b) ( buy regularly) comprarwe take The Globe — nosotros compramos or leemos The Globe
c) ( rent) \<\<cottage/apartment\>\> alquilar, coger* (Esp)10)a) ( acquire) \<\<lover\>\> buscarse*to take a wife/husband — casarse
b) ( sexually) (liter) \<\<woman\>\> poseer*11) ( of time) \<\<job/task\>\> llevar; \<\<process\>\> tardar; \<\<person\>\> tardar, demorar(se) (AmL)it took longer than expected — llevó or tomó más tiempo de lo que se creía
the letter took a week to arrive — la carta tardó or (AmL tb) se demoró una semana en llegar
12) ( need)it takes courage to do a thing like that — hay que tener or hace falta or se necesita valor para hacer algo así
to have (got) what it takes — (colloq) tener* lo que hay que tener or lo que hace falta
13)a) ( wear)what size shoes do you take? — ¿qué número calzas?
she takes a 14 — usa la talla or (RPl) el talle 14
b) ( Auto)c) ( Ling) construirse* con, regir*14) ( accept) \<\<money/bribes/job\>\> aceptardo you take checks? — ¿aceptan cheques?
take it or leave it — (set phrase) lo tomas o lo dejas
take that, you scoundrel! — (dated) toma, canalla!
15)a) (hold, accommodate)the tank takes/will take 42 liters — el tanque tiene una capacidad de 42 litros
b) (admit, receive) \<\<patients/pupils\>\> admitir, tomar, coger* (Esp)we don't take telephone reservations o (BrE) bookings — no aceptamos reservas por teléfono
16)a) (withstand, suffer) \<\<strain/weight\>\> aguantar; \<\<beating/blow\>\> recibirb) (tolerate, endure) aguantarI can't take it any longer! — no puedo más!, ya no aguanto más!
he can't take a joke — no sabe aceptar or no se le puede hacer una broma
c) ( bear)how is he taking it? — ¿qué tal lo lleva?
17)a) (understand, interpret) tomarseshe took it the wrong way — se lo tomó a mal, lo interpretó mal
to take something as read/understood — dar* algo por hecho/entendido
I take it that you didn't like him much — por lo que veo no te cayó muy bien; see also take for
b) ( consider) (in imperative) mirartake Japan, for example — mira el caso del Japón, por ejemplo
18)a) \<\<steps/measures\>\> tomar; \<\<exercise\>\> hacer*to take a walk/a step forward — dar* un paseo/un paso adelante
b) (supervise, deal with)would you take that call, please? — ¿puede atender esa llamada por favor?
19) ( Educ)a) ( teach) (BrE) darle* clase ab) ( learn) \<\<subject\>\> estudiar, hacer*; \<\<course\>\> hacer*to take an exam — hacer* or dar* or (CS) rendir* or (Méx) tomar un examen, examinarse (Esp)
20)a) ( record) tomarwe took regular readings — tomamos nota de la temperatura (or presión etc) a intervalos regulares
b) ( write down) \<\<notes\>\> tomar21) ( adopt)he takes the view that... — opina que..., es de la opinión de que...
she took an instant dislike to him — le tomó antipatía inmediatamente; see also liking a), offense 2) b), shape I 1) a)
2.
vi1)a) \<\<seed\>\> germinar; \<\<cutting\>\> prenderb) \<\<dye\>\> agarrar (esp AmL), coger* (esp Esp)2) ( receive) recibirall you do is take, take, take — no piensas más que en ti
•Phrasal Verbs:- take for- take in- take off- take on- take out- take to- take up
II
1) ( Cin) toma f2)a) ( earnings) ingresos mpl, recaudación fb) ( share) parte f; ( commission) comisión f -
37 Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 January 1920 Calcutta, India[br]English inventor of the float-glass process.[br]Pilkington was educated at Sherborne School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in mechanical science. He spent one year at Cambridge followed by war service, which lasted until 1945. He returned to complete his degree and then joined Pilkington, the well-known glass manufacturer at St Helens' Lancashire, in 1947. Sir Alastair is not, however, related to the Pilkington family of glassmakers.The forming of perfectly flat glass that retained its fire finish had eluded glassmakers for centuries. Until the 1950s the only way of making really flat glass was to form plate glass by continuous casting between steel rollers. This destroyed the fire finish, which had to be restored by expensive grinding and polishing. The process entailed the loss of 20 per cent of good glass. The idea of floating glass on molten metal occurred to Sir Alastair in October 1952, and thereafter he remained in charge of development until commercial success had been achieved. The idea of floating molten glass on molten tin had been patented in the United States as early as 1902, but had never been pursued. The Pilkington process in essence was to float a ribbon of molten glass on a bath of molten tin in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the tin. It was patented in Britain in 1957 and in the USA two years later. The first production glass issued from the plant in May 1957, although the first good glass did not appear until July 1958. The process was publicly announced the following year and was quickly taken up by the industry. It is now the universal method for manufacturing high quality flat glass.Having seen through the greatest single advance in glassmaking and one of the most important technological developments this century, Sir Alastair became Chairman of Pilkingtons until 1980 and President thereafter.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1970. FRS 1969. Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1991.Bibliography1969, "Float glass process—the review lecture", Royal Society (13 February). 1975, "Floating windows", Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. 48.1976, "Float glass—evolution and revolution over 60 years", Glass Technology, Vol. 17, no. 5.1963, "The development of float glass", Glass Industry, (February).Further ReadingJ.Jewkes et al., 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
-
38 Hall, Charles Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 December 1863 Thompson, Ohio, USAd. 27 December 1914 USA[br]American metallurgist, inventor of the first feasible electrolytic process for the production of aluminium.[br]The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChemical Society, London, Perkin Medal 1911.Further ReadingH.N.Holmes, 1930, "The story of aluminium", Journal of Chemical Education. E.F.Smith, 1914, Chemistry in America.ASD -
39 method
1) метод; приём; способ2) методика3) технология4) система•- accelerated strength testing method-
benching method-
bullhead well control method-
electrical-surveying method-
electromagnetic surveying method-
long-wire transmitter method-
operational method-
rule of thumb method-
straight flange method of rolling beams-
symbolical method-
tee-test method-
testing method-
triangulation method-
value-iteration method -
40 Williams, Thomas
[br]b. 13 May 1737 Cefn Coch, Anglesey, Walesd. 29 November 1802 Bath, England[br]Welsh lawyer, mine-owner and industrialist.[br]Williams was articled by his father, Owen Williams of Treffos in Anglesey, to the prominent Flintshire lawyer John Lloyd, whose daughter Catherine he is believed to have married. By 1769 Williams, lessee of the mansion and estate of Llanidan, was an able lawyer with excellent connections in Anglesey. His life changed dramatically when he agreed to act on behalf of the Lewis and Hughes families of Llysdulas, who had begun a lawsuit against Sir Nicholas Bayly of Plas Newydd concerning the ownership and mineral rights of copper mines on the western side of Parys mountain. During a prolonged period of litigation, Williams managed these mines for Margaret Lewis on behalf of Edward Hughes, who was established after a judgement in Chancery in 1776 as one of two legal proprietors, the other being Nicholas Bayly. The latter then decided to lease his portion to the London banker John Dawes, who in 1778 joined Hughes and Thomas Williams when they founded the Parys Mine Company.As the active partner in this enterprise, Williams began to establish his own smelting and fabricating works in South Wales, Lancashire and Flintshire, where coal was cheap. He soon broke the power of Associated Smelters, a combine holding the Anglesey mine owners to ransom. The low production cost of Anglesey ore gave him a great advantage over the Cornish mines and he secured very profitable contracts for the copper sheathing of naval and other vessels. After several British and French copper-bottomed ships were lost because of corrosion failure of the iron nails and bolts used to secure the sheathing, Williams introduced a process for manufacturing heavily work-hardened copper bolts and spikes which could be substituted directly for iron fixings, avoiding the corrosion difficulty. His new product was adopted by the Admiralty in 1784 and was soon used extensively in British and European dockyards.In 1785 Williams entered into partnership with Lord Uxbridge, son and heir of Nicholas Bayly, to run the Mona Mine Company at the Eastern end of Parys Mountain. This move ended much enmity and litigation and put Williams in effective control of all Anglesey copper. In the same year, Williams, with Matthew Boulton and John Wilkinson, persuaded the Cornish miners to establish a trade cooperative, the Cornish Metal Company, to market their ores. When this began to fall in 1787, Williams took over its administration, assets and stocks and until 1792 controlled the output and sale of all British copper. He became known as the "Copper King" and the output of his many producers was sold by the Copper Offices he established in London, Liverpool and Birmingham. In 1790 he became Member of Parliament for the borough of Great Marlow, and in 1792 he and Edward Hughes established the Chester and North Wales Bank, which in 1900 was absorbed by the Lloyds group.After 1792 the output of the Anglesey mines started to decline and Williams began to buy copper from all available sources. The price of copper rose and he was accused of abusing his monopoly. By this time, however, his health had begun to deteriorate and he retreated to Bath.[br]Further ReadingJ.R.Harris, 1964, The "Copper King", Liverpool University Press.ASD
См. также в других словарях:
Two-bath process — Двухванный процесс … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Bath, Somerset — Coordinates: 51°23′N 2°22′W / … Wikipedia
bath — [[t]bɑ͟ːθ, bæ̱θ[/t]] ♦♦♦ baths, bathing, bathed (When the form baths is the plural of the noun it is pronounced [[t]bɑ͟ːðz[/t]]u> or [[t]bæ̱θs[/t]]u> in British English, and [[t]bæ̱ðz[/t]]u> in American English. When it is used in the… … English dictionary
Two Guys — Infobox Defunct Company company name = Two Guys company fate = Liquidation successor = Vornado Realty Trust foundation = Harrison, New Jersey, 1946 defunct = 1982 location = Harrison, New Jersey industry = Retail key people = Herbert Hubschman,… … Wikipedia
Two Dozen and One Greyhounds — Infobox Simpsons episode episode name = Two Dozen and One Greyhounds image caption = Lisa with the puppies, who are, at the time, in the process of being sold episode no = 123 prod code = 2F18 airdate = April 9, 1995 writer = Mike Scully director … Wikipedia
bath-house — a chamber for mass killing The Nazis stripped their victims and herded them into gas chambers on the pretence that they were going to be washed in the process of decontamination: Of four thousand in the next four trainloads, two and a… … How not to say what you mean: A dictionary of euphemisms
E-6 process — The E 6 process (often abbreviated to just E 6) is a Photographic processing system for developing Ektachrome, Fujichrome, and other color reversal (slide) photographic film.Unlike some other color reversal processes (such as Kodachrome K 14)… … Wikipedia
Order of the Bath — Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Awarded by the Queen of the United Kingdom Motto TRIA IUNCTA IN UNO … Wikipedia
City of Bath Bach Choir — The City of Bath Bach Choir (CBBC), based in Bath, Somerset, England, is a choir, founded in October 1946 by Cuthbert Bates, who was also a founding father of the Bath Bach Festival in 1950. The choir gave its inaugural concert in June 1947 in… … Wikipedia
Hall-Héroult process — The Hall Héroult process is the major industrial process for the production of aluminium. It involves dissolving alumina in molten cryolite, and electrolysing the solution to obtain pure aluminium metal.ProcessAluminium cannot be produced by the… … Wikipedia
basic oxygen process — a high speed method of steelmaking in which oxygen of high purity is blown through an oxygen lance at high velocity onto the surface of a bath containing steel scrap and molten pig iron within a vessel with a basic lining (basic oxygen furnace).… … Universalium