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101 introduce
[͵ıntrəʹdju:s] v1. 1) вводить; вставлять, помещать (внутрь чего-л.)to introduce a romantic situation into a novel - ввести в роман любовный эпизод
2) вводить, приводить, впускать (куда-л.)to introduce a person into a room [into a family] - ввести /привести/ человека в комнату [в семью]
3) вводить, включать, вносить4) вводить, внедрять, устанавливать, учреждать; давать ход (чему-л.)the Julian calendar was introduced in the year 44 B. C. - юлианский календарь был введён в 44 г. до нашей эры
5) вносить на рассмотрение; ставить на обсуждениеto introduce a bill into Congress - вносить законопроект на рассмотрение конгресса
to introduce a question for debate - поставить /вынести/ вопрос на обсуждение
6) ввозитьto introduce European birds into America - ввозить европейских птиц в Америку
7) привноситьto introduce an element of comedy into proceedings - привнести в дело элемент комизма
2. 1) представлять, знакомитьlet me introduce you to my wife - разрешите мне познакомить вас с моей женой, разрешите мне представить вас моей жене
the chairman introduced the speaker to the audience - председатель представил оратора аудитории
2) представлять, вводить (в общество и т. п.)to introduce smb. at court - представить кого-л. при дворе
to introduce a person into a company - ввести кого-л. в компанию
3. знакомить (с чем-л.)4. предпосылать5. внедрять, вводить, интродуцировать (новый вид, сорт или породу)6. воен. вводить в боевой состав -
102 subject
1. [ʹsʌbdʒıkt] n1. 1) предмет, тема (разговора и т. п.)serious [difficult, interesting, dull] subject - серьёзный [трудный, интересный, скучный] вопрос
a subject for discussion [for debate] - тема для дискуссии [для обсуждения]
to lead smb. on to the subject of smth. - навести кого-л. на разговор /на тему/ о чём-л.
the visit remains the subject of animated discussion - визит продолжает оживлённо комментироваться
2) сюжет, темаtragic(al) [touching] subject - трагический [трогательный] сюжет
historical [genre] subject - историческая [жанровая] тема
a painter with a leaning to mythological subjects - художник со склонностью к мифологическим сюжетам
2. предмет, дисциплинаcompulsory [optional] subjects - обязательные [факультативные] предметы
subject label - полигр. отраслевая помета (в словаре и т. п.)
3. 1) объект, предмет2) мед. труп ( при вскрытии)4. повод, основаниеa subject for pity [for ridicule, for congratulation] - повод для сожаления [для насмешки, для поздравления]
5. подданный6. субъект, человекa good hypnotic subject - человек, легко поддающийся гипнозу /внушению/
a hysterical [a gouty] subject - человек, страдающий истерией [подагрой]
a refractory subject - субъект, с которым нет сладу
7. грам. подлежащее8. филос., юр.1) субъектconscious /thinking/ subject - мыслящий субъект
2) субстанция, реальность9. муз. тема2. [ʹsʌbdʒıkt] a1. подчинённый, зависимый, подвластныйsubject nation - зависимое /несамостоятельное/ государство
to be held subject - находиться в зависимости /в подчинении/
states subject to foreign rule - государства, находящиеся под иностранным владычеством
2. (to) подверженный (чему-л.), склонный (к чему-л.)Japan is exceedingly subject to earthquakes - Япония чрезвычайно подвержена землетрясениям
3. (to) подлежащий (чему-л.); зависящий (от чего-л.), обусловленный (чем-л.)a treaty is subject to ratification - (любой) договор подлежит ратификации
an article subject to duty - предмет, подлежащий обложению пошлиной
he has done things that are subject to criticism - некоторые его поступки нельзя не критиковать
the price is subject to a discount of 5% - цена подлежит скидке в 5%
to be subject to call - а) ком. подлежать возврату по первому требованию; б) воен. подлежать призыву
4. информ. предметный3. [səbʹdʒekt] v (to)subject index - предметный указатель; индекс
1. подчинять, покорятьto subject a nation to smb.'s rule - подчинить страну чьему-л. господству
to subject smb. to one's will - подчинить кого-л. своей воле
he was unwilling to subject himself to any inconvenience - ему не хотелось мириться с какими бы то ни было неудобствами
2. подвергатьto subject smb. to cross-examination [to a test] - подвергнуть кого-л. перекрёстному допросу [испытанию]
to subject smb. to an operation - сделать кому-л. операцию
to subject oneself to ridicule [to insult] - стать предметом насмешек [оскорблений]
the lecturer was subjected to very close questioning - лектора забросали очень острыми вопросами
he refused to subject himself to their judgement - он отказался подчиниться их решению
3. представлятьto subject one's plans to smb.'s consideration - представить планы на чьё-л. рассмотрение
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103 subject
1. adjective((of countries etc) not independent, but dominated by another power: subject nations.) underlagt, uselvstendig2. noun1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) statsborger, undersått2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) emne, tema3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) fag; disiplin4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) emne, gjenstand5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) subjekt3. səb'‹ekt verb1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) underkaste2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) utsette for•- subjective
- subjectively
- subject matter
- change the subject
- subject todisiplin--------emne--------sak--------tema--------underståttIsubst. \/ˈsʌbdʒekt\/, \/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt\/1) statsborger, undersått2) emne, tema, sak3) ( skole) fag4) (kunst, musikk eller litteratur) motiv5) (grammatikk, psykologi eller filosofi) subjekt6) ( medisin) pasient7) ( også subject for experiment) forsøksobjekt, forsøksperson8) ( også subject for dissection) lik (til disseksjon)be the subject of ridicule være gjenstand for spott og spehave something to say on the subject ha noe å si i sakens anledningon the subject of angående, omi anledning (av)optional subject (amer.) valgfritt fagstrike out of the subject avvike fra emnetsubject for kilde til, årsak til, grunn tilsubject of eller subject for gjenstand for, skyteskive fora tender subject et ømtålig emnewander from the subject komme bort fra emnetIIverb \/səbˈdʒekt\/1) underkue, undertrykke, betvinge2) underkaste, underlegge, undergi3) gjøre til gjenstand, utsettebe subjected to være gjenstand for, utsettes for, rammes avsubject oneself underkaste seg (noen)subject to utsette for, prisgi underkaste, la gjennomgå gjøre til gjenstand for, utsette for idømmesubject to one's rule skaffe seg herredømme overIIIadj. \/ˈsʌbdʒekt\/, \/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt\/1) underkuet, undertrykt, betvunget, kuet2) underlagt, undergitt, underkastet3) underdanig4) avhengigbe subject to være underlagtutsettes for, være utsatt for, være gjenstand fortogene kan lett bli forsinket når det er tåke ha anlegg for, ha lett for å få, lide avavhenge av, bero påsubject to (som lyder) undermed anlegg for, som er utsatt forsubject to duty tollpliktig, tollbelagtsubject to notice oppsigeligIVadv. \/ˈsʌbdʒekt\/, \/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt\/bare i uttrykksubject to under forutsetning av, avhengig av med forbehold omsubject to certain restrictions med visse begrensningersubject to contract ( jus) under forutsetning av at kontrakt opprettessubject to correction med forbehold om eventuelle feilsubject to such conditions as på (slike) betingelser somsubject to your consent,... forutsatt at du går med på det,...• subject to your consent, I propose to try againforutsatt at du går med på det, foreslår jeg at vi prøver igjen -
104 nad
Ⅰ praep. 1. (powyżej) over, above- nad kimś/czymś [znajdować się] over a. above sb/sth- nad głównym wejściem over a. above the main entrance- łuna nad miastem a glow over the city- 1500 metrów nad poziomem morza 1,500 metres above sea level- miał siniak nad lewym okiem he had a bruise over a. above his left eye- mieszkali nad sklepem they lived over a. above the shop- rano nad miastem przeszła burza a storm broke over the city in the morning- tumany kurzu unosiły się nad drogą clouds of dust rose over the road- piłka przeleciała wysoko nad poprzeczką the ball went high over the bar- pochylić się nad kimś/czymś to lean a. bend over sb/sth- pochyliła się nad kołyską she leaned a. bent over the cot- pochylali się nad mapą they were bending over a map- nad coś [kierować się] over a. above sth- balon wzbił się nad chmury the balloon soared up above the clouds- myśliwce nadleciały nad miasto fighter planes flew over the city2. (w pobliżu) nad Wisłą/Bałtykiem on the Vistula/the Baltic- Wiedeń leży nad Dunajem Vienna lies on the Danube- kupili dom nad jeziorem they bought a house on a. by a lake- opalali się nad rzeką they were sunbathing by the river- spacer nad brzegiem rzeki/Sekwany a walk along a. by the riverside/along the Seine- nad coś [kierować się] to sth- pojechać nad morze to go to the seaside- pójść na spacer nad jezioro to take a walk to the lake- wycieczka nad Wigry a trip to Lake Wigry3. (wskazuje na podporządkowanie) over- być a. stać nad kimś to be over sb- nad sobą miał dyrektora finansowego above him he had the financial director- kontrola nad czymś control over a. of sth- mieć nadzór nad czymś to supervise sth, to have control over sth- sprawować władzę nad czymś to exercise authority a. power over sth- przewaga nad kimś/czymś superiority a. the advantage over sb/sth- opieka nad ludźmi w podeszłym wieku care of the elderly4. (wskazuje na temat) on, about (czymś sth)- dyskusja nad budżetem discussion on a. about the budget- dyskutowali nad projektem uchwały they were discussing the (draft) bill- praca nad czymś work on a. at sth- pracować nad planami budynku to work on the design of a building- rozmyślać nad czymś to ponder on a. over sth- medytować nad czymś to meditate on a. upon sth- siedzieć nad książką to pore over a book- ślęczeć nad lekcjami to slog away at one’s homework pot.5. (z określeniami wyrażającymi uczucia) at, for, over- ich zachwyt nad jego obrazami their delight over his paintings- użalić się nad kimś to feel sorry for sb, to pity sb- użalać się nad sobą a. nad własnym losem to feel sorry for oneself pot., pejor.; to bemoan one’s lot książk., żart.- znęcać się nad kimś to torment sb- zlituj się nade mną/nad nim have mercy on me/him6. (tuż przed) (just) before- nad ranem/wieczorem (just) before dawn a. daybreak/dusk a. nightfall7. książk. (bardziej niż) than- nic straszniejszego nad wojnę nothing more terrible than war- cóż piękniejszego nad miłość what can be more beautiful than love?- kochać kogoś nad życie to love sb more than life itself- nad wszystkie rozrywki uwielbiał kino of all pastimes he adored the cinema more than anything else- praca nad siły superhuman work- poeta nad poetami a towering poet- przebój nad przeboje an all-time hit- skandal nad skandale a scandal to end all scandals- łotr nad łotrami an arch-villain; a consummate villain książk.- nade wszystko above all (else), more than anything (else)- nade wszystko cenił spokój he valued peace and quiet more than anything a. above all else- była sławna, bogata, a nade wszystko urodziwa she was famous, rich, and, above all, good-lookingⅡ nad- w wyrazach złożonych (wskazujące na wyższy stopień) nadkomisarz chief superintendent GB- nadczułość hypersensitivity* * *prepnad morze/rzekę — to the seaside/river* * *prep.+ Ins.1. (= powyżej, ponad) above, over; nad głową (= w górze) overhead.2. (= na brzegu l. krawędzi, blisko) nad (samą) granicą at the (very) border, near the border; nad grobem at the graveside; przen. (= blisko śmierci) at death's door, with one foot in the grave; nad morzem at the seaside, on the sea; nad rzeką/jeziorem on the river/lake; Waszyngton leży nad Potomakiem Washington lies l. is located on the Potomac River; nad przepaścią t. przen. on the edge of a precipice; nad ranem in the early morning.3. (przedmiot uwagi l. kontroli) litować się nad kimś feel pity for sb; (= okazywać komuś miłosierdzie) have l. take pity on sb; mieć przewagę nad kimś have the advantage on l. over sb, have the upper hand over sb; opieka nad dziećmi child care; pastwić się nad kimś torment sb; płakać nad czymś cry over sth; rozpaczać nad kimś/czymś lament for sb/sth; sprawować władzę nad kimś/czymś rule sb/sth; form. have/hold dominion over sb/sth; stracić panowanie nad sobą lose one's temper; pot. blow one's top, blow a gasket, hit the ceiling.4. (temat rozważań l. dyskusji) debata nad ustawą/wnioskiem debate on a bill/motion; zastanawiać się nad czymś consider sth, pause over sth.5. (cel badań l. wysiłków) pracować nad czymś work on sth.6. lit. (podkreślenie wyjątkowości; często z archaiczną formą narzędnika) mistrz nad mistrzami l. nad mistrze master of l. over masters; Pieśń nad Pieśniami Bibl. the Song of Songs.prep.+ Acc.1. ( cel w przestrzeni) over, above; nad głowę above one's head; (= w górę) up; nad miasto over the town l. city.2. (= na brzeg) nad jezioro/morze/rzekę to the lake/sea/river.3. lit. ( porównanie lub wybór) than, above; cenić coś nad życie value sth above life; cóż jest (lepszego) nad wino? what (is) better than wine?; nade wszystko above all.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > nad
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105 contradiction
contradiction [kɔ̃tʀadiksjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = contestation) je ne supporte pas la contradiction I can't bear to be contradictedb. ( = incohérence) contradiction• être en contradiction avec soi-même to contradict o.s.* * *kɔ̃tʀadiksjɔ̃nom féminin contradictionêtre en contradiction avec — to contradict [personne, principe]
* * *kɔ̃tʀadiksjɔ̃ nfIl a refusé de venir par esprit de contradiction. — He refused to come, just to be awkward.
* * *1 ( manque de logique) contradiction; résoudre une contradiction to resolve a contradiction; un raisonnement plein de contradictions an argument full of contradictions; être en contradiction avec qch to contradict sth; être en contradiction avec soi-même/ses principes to contradict oneself/one's principles;2 ( contestation) contradiction; il ne supporte pas la contradiction he can't bear to be contradicted; apporter la contradiction à qn to argue against sb; porter la contradiction dans un débat to put forward counter-arguments in a debate.[kɔ̃tradiksjɔ̃] nom féminin1. [contestation] contradiction4. DROIT allegationen contradiction avec locution prépositionnelle -
106 fella
* * *I)(-da, -dr), v.2) to kill, slay (in battle); fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); fella fénað sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold or hunger;3) to cause to cease, abolish (fella blót ok blótdrykkjur); fella rœðu sína, to close one’s speech; fella niðr, to put an end to, abandon, give up (fella niðr þann átrúnað);4) fella heitstrenging á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;5) to tongue and groove, to fit; fella stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull;6) fig., fella ást (hug) til e-s, to turn one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love with; fella bœn at e-m, to address prayer to one, to beg of one; fella sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing: fella sik mjök við umrœðuna, to take a warm parl in the debate.f.1) framework, a framed board;2) mouse-trap.* * *u, f. [Engl. falling], framework, a framed board, Fas. i. 393. -
107 agitō
agitō āvī, ātus, āre, freq. [ago], to set in violent motion, drive onward, move, impel, urge: (Harena) magnā vi agitata, S.: greges, drive to pasture, V.: equum, V.: iugales (dracones), O.: (triremem) in portu agitari iubet, rowed about, N. — To hunt, chase, pursue: aquila alias avīs agitans: dammas, O.: cervos in retia, O. — Fig., to drive, urge forward, press, support, insist on: agrariam legem: hoc unum agitare, esse, etc., keep pressing this one point: pacem an bellum, S.—To attend, keep, celebrate: Dionysia, T.: festos dies. — To observe, obey, carry out, exercise: praecepta parentis mei, S.: secreta consilia, L.—Of time, to pass, spend vitam sine cupiditate, S.: apud aquam noctem, S. — Absol, to live, abide, be: varius atque incertus agitabat, S.: pro muro dies noctīsque, remain, S. —To move to and fro, stir, agitate, shake, disturb, toss: corpora huc et illuc, S.: hastam, brandish, O.: scintilla agitata (ventis), fanned, O.: habenas manibus, wield, O.: caput, nod, O.: mare ventorum vi agitari: freta incipiant agitata tumescere, V.: Zephyris agitata Tempe, H.: agitata numina Troiae, tossed on the sea, V.: agitantia fumos Nubila, tossing up spray, O. — Fig., to stir, rouse, agitate, stimulate, excite, goad: hunc, T.: plebem, L.: mens agitat molem, animates, V. — To vex, disquiet, disturb, distress: nationes: Furiis agitatus Orestes, V.: rebus agitatis, in times of disorder: metu atque libidine divorsus agitabatur, was distracted by, S.: te agitet cupido, H.: fidem aut gentīs, to disturb the loyalty, etc., V. — To insult, scoff, rail at, deride, revile: rem militarem: mea fastidia verbis, H.: (poemata) expertia frugis, H.: ea belle agitata ridentur, neatly mocked. — To prosecute, occupy oneself with, engage in, keep going, stir: cuncta, keep active, S.: mutas artes, V.: iocos, O.: eo modo agitabat, ut, etc., so conducted himself, S.: scaenis agitatus Orestes, i. e. represented, V.—To pursue, consider, deliberate on, meditate: secum multum, S.: haec mecum, H.: in animo bellum, L.: agitare coepit, si posset, etc., L.: ut mente agitaret, bellum renovare, N. — To discuss, debate, sift, investigate: oratori omnia tractata, agitata, i. e. sifted, discussed: omnia ex tabulis, by the accounts: senatus de secessione plebis agitat, L. — Impers: Romae de facto agitari, there were discussions, S.* * *agitare, agitavi, agitatus Vstir/drive/shake/move about; revolve; live; control, ride; consider, pursue -
108 subject
I ['sʌbdʒɪkt]1) (topic) soggetto m., argomento m.to change o drop the subject cambiare argomento, lasciare cadere l'argomento; to raise a subject sollevare una questione; while we're on the subject of... — visto che siamo in tema di
2) (at school, college) materia f.; (for research, study) soggetto m.3) art. fot. soggetto m.4) (focus)5) ling. soggetto m.6) (citizen) suddito m. (-a)II ['sʌbdʒɪkt]1) (subservient) [people, race] asservito, sottomessoto be subject to — essere soggetto a [law, rule]
3) (liable)to be subject to — essere soggetto a [flooding, fits]; essere assoggettabile a [ tax]
4) (dependent)to be subject to — dipendere da [ approval]
"subject to alteration" — "soggetto a variazioni"
III [səb'dʒekt]"subject to availability" — (of flights, tickets) "in base alla disponibilità"; (of goods) "salvo venduto"
1) (expose)to be subjected to — dover sopportare [ noise]; essere oggetto di [ attacks]; essere sottoposto a [ torture]
to subject sth. to heat — esporre qcs. al calore
2) lett. (subjugate) sottomettere [race, country]* * *1. adjective((of countries etc) not independent, but dominated by another power: subject nations.) sottomesso2. noun1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) suddito2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) soggetto, argomento3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) materia4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) motivo5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) soggetto3. [səb'‹ekt] verb1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) assoggettare, sottomettere2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) sottoporre•- subjective
- subjectively
- subject matter
- change the subject
- subject to* * *subject (1) /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/a.1 soggetto; assoggettato; sottomesso; sottoposto; esposto: subject nations, nazioni soggette; subject tribes, tribù sottomesse; Even foreigners are subject to the laws of the country, anche gli stranieri sono soggetti alle leggi del paese; I'm subject to tremendous headaches, vado soggetto a tremende emicranie; to be subject to envy, essere esposto all'invidia● subject to, salvo: Subject to correction, these are the facts, salvo errore, i fatti sono questi □ (comm.: di un prodotto) subject to availability, se disponibile; salvo venduto □ ( banca, fin.) subject to collection, salvo incasso; salvo buon fine (abbr. S.B.F.) □ (comm.) subject to sale (o subject to goods being unsold), salvo venduto □ ( di un popolo, ecc.) to be held subject, essere assoggettato; essere tenuto in sudditanza □ (comm.) All prices ( are) subject to alteration, tutti i prezzi sono suscettibili di variazione.♦ subject (2) /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/n.1 soggetto ( anche gramm.); argomento; oggetto ( di esame, esperimento, ecc.): the subject of the speech [of the book], il soggetto del discorso [del libro]; (gramm.) Every verb has a subject, ogni verbo ha un soggetto; to change the subject, cambiare argomento; to drop the subject (o to let the subject drop) lasciar cadere l'argomento; on the subject of, a proposito di; to get onto a subject, arrivare a un argomento; entrare in un discorso; He's a subject for ridicule, è oggetto di scherno NOTA D'USO: - argument o topic?-2 materia ( di studio); disciplina: compulsory subjects, materie (di studio) obbligatorie; subsidiary subject, materia complementare ( all'università); Chemistry is my favourite subject, la chimica è la mia materia preferita; DIALOGO → - Before an exam- History's my weakest subject, and I'm worried, that's all, la storia è la materia in cui vado peggio e sono preoccupata, questo è tutto; DIALOGO → - School- What subjects did you have at school today?, che materie avevi oggi a scuola?3 suddito; cittadino: rulers and subjects, governanti e sudditi; He is a British subject, è cittadino britannico4 (form.) causa; motivo; occasione: a subject for great sorrow, una causa di grande dolore; I'll give you no subject for complaint, non vi darò motivo di lagnarvi di me5 (bot., zool.) esemplare● subject catalogue, catalogo per soggetto ( in una biblioteca) □ (fisc.) a subject for taxation, un soggetto d'imposta □ subject-heading, voce di indice □ subject matter, argomento; contenuto; oggetto; tema; materia □ (ass.) the subject matter insured, la cosa assicurata □ one's fellow-subjects, i propri concittadini.(to) subject /səbˈdʒɛkt/v. t.1 assoggettare; soggiogare; sottomettere: to subject a nation to one's rule, assoggettare una nazione al proprio potere; soggiogare una nazione2 ( anche tecn.) sottoporre; esporre: Iron must be subjected to a special process to become steel, il ferro deve essere sottoposto a un processo speciale per diventare acciaio; to subject sb. to ill-treatment, sottoporre q. a maltrattamenti3 (med.) predisporre: His weakness subjected him to many diseases, la sua debolezza lo predisponeva a molte malattie● to subject oneself, esporsi; sottomettersi: Don't subject yourself to ridicule [to criticism], non esporti al ridicolo [alle critiche].* * *I ['sʌbdʒɪkt]1) (topic) soggetto m., argomento m.to change o drop the subject cambiare argomento, lasciare cadere l'argomento; to raise a subject sollevare una questione; while we're on the subject of... — visto che siamo in tema di
2) (at school, college) materia f.; (for research, study) soggetto m.3) art. fot. soggetto m.4) (focus)5) ling. soggetto m.6) (citizen) suddito m. (-a)II ['sʌbdʒɪkt]1) (subservient) [people, race] asservito, sottomessoto be subject to — essere soggetto a [law, rule]
3) (liable)to be subject to — essere soggetto a [flooding, fits]; essere assoggettabile a [ tax]
4) (dependent)to be subject to — dipendere da [ approval]
"subject to alteration" — "soggetto a variazioni"
III [səb'dʒekt]"subject to availability" — (of flights, tickets) "in base alla disponibilità"; (of goods) "salvo venduto"
1) (expose)to be subjected to — dover sopportare [ noise]; essere oggetto di [ attacks]; essere sottoposto a [ torture]
to subject sth. to heat — esporre qcs. al calore
2) lett. (subjugate) sottomettere [race, country] -
109 open up
1. transitive verb1) aufmachen (ugs.); öffnen; aufschlagen [Buch]2) (form or make by cutting etc.) machen [Loch, Riß]3) (establish, make more accessible) eröffnen [Laden, Filiale]; erschließen [neue Märkte usw.]2. intransitive verb1) [Blüte, Knospe:] sich öffnen2) (be established) [Filiale:] eröffnet werden; [Firma:] sich niederlassen3) (appear, be revealed) entstehen; [Aussichten, Möglichkeiten:] sich eröffnenopen up before somebody — [Blick, Aussicht:] sich jemandem bieten; [neue Welt:] sich vor jemandem auftun
4) (talk freely) gesprächig werden* * *3) (to open the (main) door of a building etc: `Open up!' shouted the policeman. `We know you are in there!') aufmachen* * *◆ open upI. vi4. (accelerate) Gas geben, beschleunigen5.▶ to wish the earth [or floor] would \open up up am liebsten in den [Erd]boden versinken wollenII. vt1. (from closed)to \open up up ⇆ a canal/a pipe einen Kanal/ein Rohr passierbar machento \open up up ⇆ a car/a house/a store einen Wagen/ein Haus/einen Laden aufschließento \open up up ⇆ a door/a window eine Tür/ein Fenster aufmachen2. (make available)▪ to \open up up ⇆ sth etw zugänglich machen, etw öffnenthe government plans to \open up up access to higher education die Regierung beabsichtigt, den Zugang zu höherer Bildung zu erleichternto \open up land/territory up Land/Terrain erschließento \open up up the possibility of doing sth die Möglichkeit eröffnen, etw zu tun3. (expand)▪ to \open up up ⇆ sth etw erweitern* * *1. vi1) (flower) sich öffnen, aufgehen; (fig) (prospects) sich eröffnen, sich ergeben, sich erschließen; (field, new horizons) sich auftun, sich erschließen2) (= become expansive) gesprächiger werdento open up about sth — über etw (acc) sprechen or reden
3) (inf: accelerate) aufdrehen (inf)4) (= unlock doors of house, shop etc) aufschließen, aufmachen6) (= start firing guns, enemy) das Feuer eröffnen2. vt sep1) (= make accessible) territory, mine, prospects erschließen; new horizons etc auftun, erschließen; (= unblock) disused tunnel etc frei machen2) (= cut, make) passage bauen; gap schaffen; hole machen; (= make wider) hole größer or weiter machen, vergrößern3) (= unlock) house, shop, car etc aufschließen, aufmachen* * *A v/t1. aufmachen, aufschließen:open up old wounds fig alte Wunden aufreißen2. einen neuen Markt etc erschließen, neue Möglichkeiten etc eröffnenB v/i2. MIL das Feuer eröffnen (at, on auf akk)3. figb) auftauen, mitteilsam werden:4. sich zeigen, sich auftun (Möglichkeiten etc)* * *1. transitive verb1) aufmachen (ugs.); öffnen; aufschlagen [Buch]2) (form or make by cutting etc.) machen [Loch, Riß]3) (establish, make more accessible) eröffnen [Laden, Filiale]; erschließen [neue Märkte usw.]2. intransitive verb1) [Blüte, Knospe:] sich öffnen2) (be established) [Filiale:] eröffnet werden; [Firma:] sich niederlassen3) (appear, be revealed) entstehen; [Aussichten, Möglichkeiten:] sich eröffnenopen up before somebody — [Blick, Aussicht:] sich jemandem bieten; [neue Welt:] sich vor jemandem auftun
4) (talk freely) gesprächig werden* * *v.aufmachen v. -
110 throw
[θrəu] 1. nrzut m2. vt; pt threw, pp thrownobject rzucać (rzucić perf); rider zrzucać (zrzucić perf); pottery toczyć; ( fig) zbić ( perf) z troputo throw a party — urządzać (urządzić perf) przyjęcie
to throw open — doors otwierać (otworzyć perf) na oścież; debate zapraszać (zaprosić perf) wszystkich do udziału w +instr
Phrasal Verbs:- throw up* * *[Ɵrəu] 1. past tense - threw; verb1) (to send through the air with force; to hurl or fling: He threw the ball to her / threw her the ball.) rzucać2) ((of a horse) to make its rider fall off: My horse threw me.) zrzucać3) (to puzzle or confuse: He was completely thrown by her question.) zaskakiwać4) ((in wrestling, judo etc) to wrestle (one's opponent) to the ground.) rzucać2. noun(an act of throwing: That was a good throw!) rzut- throw doubt on
- throw in
- throw light on
- throw oneself into
- throw off
- throw open
- throw out
- throw a party
- throw up
- throw one's voice
- throwaway -
111 turn
[tɜːn] 1. гл.1) = turn overа) поворачиваться, повёртыватьсяThe key turned and grated in the lock. — Ключ повернулся и заскрежетал в замке.
The car turned over. — Машина перевернулась.
All faces turned towards him as he rose. — Все лица повернулись к нему, когда он поднялся.
б) поворачиватьShe softly turned the handle of the door. — Она бесшумно повернула ручку двери.
•Syn:2)а) вращаться, кружитьсяI looked at the handbill and my head turned. — Я взглянул на расписку и у меня закружилась голова.
б) вертеть, вращать•Syn:3) = turn overHe turned the page and went on reading. — Он перевернул страницу и стал читать дальше.
Syn:4) загибать, сгибатьHis mustaches were turned and curled. — Его усы были закручены и завиты.
5)а) менять направление, поворачиватьI shall turn to the left, and leave the road. — Я сверну налево и сойду с дороги.
He turned from the road, and descended the path towards the hut. — Он свернул с дороги и по тропинке стал спускаться к хижине.
The man with the umbrella turned the corner again. — Человек с зонтиком снова повернул за угол.
He turned abruptly and walked away. — Он резко повернулся и вышел.
Syn:б) заставлять отступать, менять направлениеThe snapping of a dry stick is not sufficient to turn the tiger. — Треска сухой палки недостаточно, чтобы отогнать тигра.
6) обходить, огибать7) отправлять, выгонятьYou will not turn me from your door. — Вы не прогоните меня от своих дверей.
8)а) загнуться; затупитьсяIf it be too soft, the edge will turn or bend. — Если лезвие будет слишком мягким, оно затупится или загнётся.
б) загнуть ( конец острого инструмента), затупить9) = turn up вспахивать, пахать ( землю)10) выворачивать наизнанку ( одежду)11) вывихнуть, получить вывих12)а) вызывать тошноту; вызывать отвращение- turn the stomach of smb.б) не принимать, извергать ( о желудке)13) стр. конструировать, строить (арки, сводчатые перекрытия)15) вязать круговой вязкой (например, пятку носка)16) точить, обтачивать ( на токарном станке)17) менять (ход чего-л.)These thirty six votes turned the election. — Эти тридцать шесть голосов изменили исход выборов.
18) ( turn to)а) направлять на (что-л. / кого-л.), сосредоточивать на (чём-л. / ком-л.)to turn one's hand to smth. — приниматься за что-л.
The crowd then turned their anger on Prime Minister. — Затем толпа обратила свой гнев против премьер-министра.
We turned our attention to poor Tom. — Мы сосредоточили своё внимание на бедном Томе.
б) переходить к ( другому предмету)Let us now turn from the poems to the author's personal career. — Давайте теперь перейдём от стихотворений к жизни самого автора.
Once more we have to turn to a German writer for information. — Нам необходимо снова обратиться к немецкому писателю за информацией.
20) ( turn to)а) обращаться к (Богу, вере); переходить в ( другую веру)It is never too late to turn to God. — Никогда не поздно обратиться к Богу.
б) обращать (кого-л. к Богу, в какую-л. веру)21) завербовать, заставить (кого-л.) действовать против своей страны, друзей ( в качестве шпиона)Several have been "turned" only after being shown evidence from another "supergrass". — Нескольких человек завербовали только после того, как показали им свидетельства ещё одного "стукача".
23) достигать, доходить до (какого-л. значения; о возрасте, времени, количестве)He turned seventy. — Ему исполнилось семьдесят.
24) превращать (во что-л.)25)а) переводить ( на другой язык)26)а) портиться; скисать, сквашиватьсяб) портить; сквашивать27)а) менять цвет, становиться другого цветаб) менять цвет (чего-л.)28) ( turn against)а) обращаться против (кого-л.)His own criticism was turned against him. — Его собственная критика обернулась против него.
б) обращать против (кого-л.)в) восстанавливать против (кого-л.)He turns everyone against himself. — Он восстанавливает всех против себя.
29) ( turn (up)on)а) зависеть от (чего-л.)Much turns on his answer. — Многое зависит от его ответа.
б) крутиться вокруг (чего-л.; о разговоре, дебатах и т. п.)The debate did not turn on any practical proposition. — Дебаты не привели к выработке какого бы то ни было практического предложения.
30) (turn + прил.) делаться, становиться, превращатьсяto turn red — вспыхнуть, покраснеть
to turn white — побелеть; побледнеть
The leaves turned yellow. — Листья пожелтели.
Lassie turned very white, and gasped for breath. — Девушка страшно побледнела и почувствовала, что ей нечем дышать.
Their grief turned to hysteria when the funeral procession arrived at the cemetery. — Их горе перешло в истерию, когда они добрались до кладбища.
•- turn around
- turn aside
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn off
- turn on- turn out- turn round
- turn up••to turn smb. round one's (little) finger — подчинить кого-л., вить верёвки из кого-л.
to turn up one's heels — разг. протянуть ноги, скончаться
to turn King's / Queen's / State's evidence — выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения
- turn upside down- turn loose
- turn smb.'s head
- turn heads 2. сущ.1)а) вращение, вращательное движение, круговое движениеSyn:revolution II, rotationб) кувыркание ( в гимнастике), сальто, кульбит•Syn:revolution II, rotation2) поворачивание, изменение направленияSyn:4)а) поворот, виражright turn! — воен. направо!
left turn! — воен. налево!
about turn! — воен. кругом!
б) авиа разворотSyn:shift 1.8) короткая прогулка, поездкаto take / go for a turn — прогуляться
9) перемена; изменение ( состояния)We all suffered of that nasty turn in the weather. — Нам всем было очень тяжело, когда погода испортилась.
He hopes for a turn in his luck. — Он надеется, что ему повезёт.
My affairs have taken a bad turn. — Мои дела приняли дурной оборот.
Syn:11) очередь, хвостto take turns — делать (что-л.) поочерёдно, сменяться
- by turns- by turn
- in turn
- out of turnSyn:12) очередной номер программы, выход; интермедия, сценка13)He has an optimistic turn of mind. — Он оптимист.
б) склонность (к чему-л.)She has a turn for music. — У неё есть музыкальные способности.
в) стиль, манера, отличительная черта14) разг.а) нервное потрясение, шокto give smb. a turn — взволновать кого-л.
б) приступ, припадок15)а) строение, формаб) оборот, построение ( фразы)16)а) вет. ценуроз, вертячка овецб) овца, больная ценурозом17) механизм, совершающий вращательные движенияа) лебёдка, воротSyn:б) прялка, веретеноSyn:Syn:lathe 1.18) ( turns) менструации19) полигр. марашка••at every turn — на каждом шагу, постоянно
- do a good turnOne good turn deserves another. посл. — Услуга за услугу.
- do an ill turn -
112 introduce
introduce, US [transcription][-du;s]A vtr1 ( make known) présenter [person] (as comme) ; to introduce sb to présenter qn à [guest, friend] ; initier qn à [painting, camping, drugs, smoking] ; she introduced me to Mozart/French cooking elle m'a fait connaître Mozart/la cuisine française ; this book introduces us to the subject/ideas of… ce livre nous présente le sujet/les idées de… ; have you been introduced? avez-vous été présentés? ; introducing Abigail Bond Cin pour la première fois à l'écran, Abigail Bond ;2 ( cause to enter) introduire [liquid, tube, needle] (into dans) ; introduire [species, plant, disease] (into dans) ; introduire [camera, bomb] (into dans) ; introduire [character, theme] (into dans) ; she tried to introduce the subject into the conversation elle a essayé d'aborder le sujet ;3 ( establish) mettre [qch] en place [law, system, examination, reform] (into dans) ; introduire [word, product, change] (into dans) ;4 ( preface) introduire [talk, article, chapter] (with par) ;5 ( present for debate) présenter [bill, proposal] ;
См. также в других словарях:
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Christianity — /kris chee an i tee/, n., pl. Christianities. 1. the Christian religion, including the Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox churches. 2. Christian beliefs or practices; Christian quality or character: Christianity mixed with pagan elements; … Universalium
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